The History of Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives on Hope

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Callina ◽  
Nancy Snow ◽  
Elise D. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Developmental Systems ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
Nursing Science ◽  
Relational Developmental Systems Metatheory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relational Developmental Systems

This chapter presents ideas from philosophers and psychologists throughout history about why scholars should study hope and how it should be defined in the science of positive human development. It uses the relational developmental systems metatheory as a framework for these ideas. Drawing from historical and contemporary philosophy and psychology, several key ingredients necessary for hope are presented: positive future expectations, agency, and trust. The chapter presents evidence from historical and philosophical perspectives on hope, including perspectives from modern and contemporary philosophy, as well as perspectives from the more recent history of hope within the psychology. The chapter then looks beyond the most common conceptions of hope. Drawing on a range of sources, but especially nursing science studies of hope in terminally ill patients, it also suggests that people can have hope not only in the present for the future but also in the present for the present.

scholarly journals Frontiers in Theory-Predicated Research in Youth Development: A Commentary

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Developmental Systems ◽  
Youth Development Programs ◽  
Life Paths ◽  
Relational Developmental Systems Metatheory ◽  
Systems Models ◽  
Relational Developmental Systems

The field of youth development sits at the frontier of new opportunities for research and practice. These opportunities are enabled by innovations in theory and in theory-inspired research methods. Framed by relational developmental systems metatheory, dynamic systems models of youth development emphasize that every young person has the potential to change positively by aligning specific individual strengths and contextual resources that, together, can optimize the life paths of a young person. The methods linked to these theoretical models combine to help identify the specific links between an individual and his or her context that may maximize thriving across the adolescent decade. The evidence derived from theory-predicated use of these methods may be used to create innovations in youth development programs and policies that promote lives of personal thriving and social contribution among the diverse young people of our world.

Locke on Personal Identity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galen Strawson ◽  
Galen Strawson
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Fundamental Point ◽  
Legal Term ◽  
Word Consciousness ◽  
History Of

John Locke's theory of personal identity underlies all modern discussion of the nature of persons and selves—yet it is widely thought to be wrong. This book argues that in fact it is Locke's critics who are wrong, and that the famous objections to his theory are invalid. Indeed, far from refuting Locke, they illustrate his fundamental point. The book argues that the root error is to take Locke's use of the word “person” as merely a term for a standard persisting thing, like “human being.” In actuality, Locke uses “person” primarily as a forensic or legal term geared specifically to questions about praise and blame, punishment and reward. This point is familiar to some philosophers, but its full consequences have not been worked out, partly because of a further error about what Locke means by the word “consciousness.” When Locke claims that your personal identity is a matter of the actions that you are conscious of, he means the actions that you experience as your own in some fundamental and immediate manner. Clearly and vigorously argued, this is an important contribution both to the history of philosophy and to the contemporary philosophy of personal identity.

Mind and soul? Two notions in the light of contemporary philosophy

2021 ◽  
pp. 0957154X2110100
Author(s):  
Enrico Berti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
History Of

From the perspective of the Aristotelian notion of ‘Form’, the author explores the history of the concepts of mind and soul focusing on their ontologized version, as entertained by conventional science. He concludes that current neuroscience lacks the conceptual wherewithal required to deal with the meaning of mind and soul and with agential consequences such as free will and moral decision making. [GEB]

Book Reviews

1962 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-296
Author(s):  
Redactie KITLV
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
University Of Kansas ◽  
Instituut Voor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Hague ◽  
New Britain ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

- T.W. Kamil, E.M. Uhlenbeck, De Systematiek der Javaanse Pronomina. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, vol. XXX. ‘s-Gravenhage, Martinus Nijhoff, 1960. 63 p.- J. Noorduyn, Hans Kähler, Grammatik der Bahasa Indonésia, mit Chrestomathie und Wörterverzeichnis. Otto Harrassowitz. Wiesbaden 1956. VII + 307pp.- J.L. Swellengrebel, J.H. Hooykaas-v. Leeuwen Boomkamp, Ritual purification of a Balinese temple. Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Ak. v. Wetenschappen, Afd. Letterk., N.R. LXVIII, no. 4. 38 blz. tekst, 41 blz. afbeeldingen en register.- L. Kok, Bernhard H.M. Vlekke, Nusantara. A history of Indonesia. Wholly revised edition. W. van Hoeve Ltd, The Hague and Bandung, 1959; VIII, 479 p.- W. Ph. Coolhaas, B.H.M. Vlekke, Corrigenda op Nusantara, A history of Indonesia. Wholly revised edition. W. van Hoeve Ltd, The Hague and Bandung, 1959; VIII, 479 p.- S. Kooijman, C.A. Valentine, Masks and men in a Melanesian Society. The Valuku or Tubuan of the Lakalai of New Britain. University of Kansas Publications, Social Science Studies, 1961. Lawrence, Kansas, 76 pp., 2 kaarten, 18 foto’s en 3 kleurenproducties van tekeningen.- P. van Emst, A.P. Vayda, Maori warfare. Polynesian Society Maori Monographs No. 2. The Polynesian Society Inc. Wellington 1960. 141 pp.- ,

Hume and Smith on Natural Religion

Philosophy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Graham
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Psychology Of Religion ◽  
Philosophical Theology ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Natural Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe prominence of David Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion in contemporary philosophy of religion has led it to overshadow his other short work, The Natural History of Religion, and thus obscure the fact that the social psychology of religion was in many ways of greater interest and more widely debated among the philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment than philosophical theology. This paper examines and compares the social psychology of religion advanced by Hume and Adam Smith. It argues that Hume's account of the psychological sources and social significance of religion is less satisfactory than Smith's.

scholarly journals Introduction: Talking STS

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadhila Mazanderani ◽  
Isabel Fletcher ◽  
Pablo Schyfter
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Fiftieth Anniversary ◽  
Technology And Society ◽  
Technology Studies ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

Talking STS is a collection of interviews and accompanying reflections on the origins, the present and the future of the field referred to as Science and Technology Studies or Science, Technology and Society (STS). The volume assembles the thoughts and recollections of some of the leading figures in the making of this field. The occasion for producing the collection has been the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the University of Edinburgh’s Science Studies Unit (SSU). The Unit’s place in the history of STS is consequently a recurring theme of the volume. However, the interviews assembled here have a broader purpose – to present interviewees’ situated and idiosyncratic experiences and perspectives on STS, going beyond the contributions made to it by any one individual, department or institution. Both individually and collectively, these conversations provide autobiographically informed insights on STS. Together with the reflections, they prompt further discussion, reflection and questioning about this constantly evolving field.

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