Trial Literature

Author(s):  
Victoria Myers

The increasing visibility of trials in the press, at a time when changes in trial procedures and dispute over political reform occupied national attention, stimulated Romantic-era writers to give trials a prominent place in fictional works. The need for defence against law’s invidious fictions encouraged the incorporation of fictional strategies into trial writings, and into legal proceedings themselves. Scepticism about institutions, allied with a crisis in epistemological trust, encouraged writers like William Godwin to challenge inadequate representation of the accused, reliance on circumstantial evidence, and dominance of judges. Thomas Holcroft, William Hone, and Robert Watt used fictional techniques in their defence writings to recover control over representation of their intentions. Other writers such as Percy Shelley, Walter Scott, and Joanna Baillie, using a historical perspective in their fictions, attempted to avert revolutionary crisis by making trials the focus for training sympathetic discernment and thus promoting gradual reform.

Author(s):  
Sean Moreland

This essay examines Poe’s conception and use of the Gothic via his engagements with the work of earlier writers from Horace Walpole through Ann Radcliffe, William Godwin, Charles Brockden Brown, Mary Shelley, and E. T. A. Hoffmann. Poe’s uses of the Gothic, and his relationship with the work of these writers, was informed by his philosophical materialism and framed by his dialogue with the writings of Sir Walter Scott. Tracing these associations reveals Poe’s transformation of the idea of “Gothic structure” from an architectural model, the ancestral pile of the eighteenth-century Gothic, to one of energetic transformation, the electric pile featured in many of Poe’s tales.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-118
Author(s):  
André Reyes Novaes

Abstract Maps in newspapers generated many discussions among cartographers and geographers working from different approaches and theoretical backgrounds. This work examines these maps from a historiographical as well as a historical perspective. It considers three main questions, namely how maps in the press should be conceptualized, how cartographic images in newspapers have been studied, and how these images changed over time. In order to provide a perspective on the origins, development, and impact of war maps in the press, this work will explore maps representing three geopolitical conflicts for Brazilian audiences: The War of the Triple Alliance (1864–1870), World War II (1939–1945) and the War on Drugs in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas (1994–2010). By exploring these war maps, specific cartographic practices used in this genre as well as the connections that this mode has with other types of map production and consumption will be identified.


1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Phil Brian Johnson

Ruy Barbosa, the Brazilian lawyer and legal scholar, statesman, educational reformer, journalist, politician, and spokesman for a liberal tradition, is again in the news. Lionized during a career which spanned the late Empire and early Republic, deified as a cultural monument since his death in 1923, Ruy and his once secure historical reputation are now under assault. That Barbosa could be criticized at all is shocking, especially to an older generation for whom the repeated homage to his memory in countless books, in the press, and on the hustings formed a cultural constant in their youth and helped to set their world view. For others, mostly younger Brazilians, the image of a remote, rather pedantic, and above all irrelevant Ruy has been redrawn, if not refurbished, in light of a new historical perspective.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton Luiz Faria de Medeiros

RESUMOO artigo busca analisar o conceito e a natureza jurídica da denúncia anônima, a partir dos métodos de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo e hermenêutico, por intermédio da interpretação de textos jurídicos extraídos de documentos legislativos, jurisprudenciais e doutrinários. Para tanto, principia-se pela definição de anonimato, investigando-se se a denúncia anônima constitui manifestação da liberdade de expressão ou de manifestação de pensamento, ideia ou opinião, a partir de depuração desses conceitos elementares que a circundam. Embora não haja uniformidade normativa ou doutrinária quanto a delimitações terminológicas para distinguir entre as liberdades de expressão, de manifestação de pensamento, de manifestação de opinião e de imprensa, conclui-se que o direito fundamental de liberdade de manifestação de pensamento é mais abrangente, possuindo dimensões individual (liberdade de expressão) e social (liberdade de prestação de informação), além da modalidade de liberdade de provocação de autoridade pública – em que se enquadram a denúncia anônima e os direitos de petição e de ação, por exemplo. Contudo, se, por um lado, a denúncia anônima não se confunde com o direito de petição – em face de este ostentar caráter político e estar atrelado ao direito a ser informado (o que é dificultado pelo anonimato) – tampouco pode ser equiparado ao direito de ação, que para instaurar processo judicial já demanda um mínimo de elementos de prova.ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the concept and legal basis of anonymous reporting, using hypothetical-deductive and hermeneutics methods, through the interpretation of legal texts extracted from legislative, doctrine and jurisprudence documents. It begins with the definition of anonymity, investigating whether anonymous report constitutes manifestation of freedom of expression or manifestation of thought, idea or opinion, from the depuration of the elementary concepts that surround it. Although there is no normative or doctrinal uniformity regarding terminological delimitations to distinguish between the freedoms of expression, of expression of thought, of expression of opinion and of the press, it is concluded that the fundamental right of freedom of expression of thought is wider, including individual (Freedom of expression) and social (freedom to provide information) dimensions, in addition to the modality of freedom of provocation of public authority - which include anonymous reporting and petition and action rights, for example. However, if, on the one hand, the anonymous reporting is not the same as the right of petition - because the latter has a political character and is linked to the right to be informed (which is hampered by anonymity), it cannot be the same as the right of action, which in order to institute legal proceedings already requires a minimum of evidence.


1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
W. Wat Hopkins

Harte-Hanks decision makes actual malice harder to prove even though it reinforces use of circumstantial evidence.


2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Moore

An attempt is made to identify the female personalities behind the specific attributions of four of William Baird's Scottish ostracod species: viz. Philomedes brenda (Baird, 1850), Macrocypris minna (Baird, 1850), Cylindroleberis mariae (Baird, 1850) and Cypris joanna Baird, 1835. A Scottish borderer by birth, although he spent most of his career in the British Museum (Natural History), Baird (1803–1872) was co-responsible, with two older brothers, plus George Johnston (the Club's first President) and five other gentlemen, for establishing the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club in 1831. This is generally regarded as the first society of its kind. In common with most of his contemporaries, it seems that he held Sir Walter Scott's romantic works in high regard. Brenda and Minna are Shetland heroines from Scott's novel The pirate, which would tie in with these species' type localities being in the wild waters offshore from that archipelago. The suggestion is advanced that the other two names honour two ladies of high literary repute, who were also prominent associates of Walter Scott: Joanna Baillie and Maria Edgeworth (though it is possible though that the epithet mariae might also acknowledge Baird's wife, Mary). Both these writers, of plays, poetry and novels (respectively) were radical proto-feminists who espoused social reform. As such their views and reputation may have resonated with William Baird. His brother, the Revd John Baird of Kirk Yetholm, became famous for espousing the rights of gypsies. William Baird's biography is considered in the context of his social contacts in the Scottish borders. Various associations between these ladies, Sir Walter Scott, the Baird family and the type localities of these ostracods are brought forwards in support of these contentions.


Quaerendo ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-298
Author(s):  
Paul Valkema Blouw

AbstractIn 1561, after a deadlock of many years, a new printing-office was set up in Holland by Jan van Zuren and three others, including the author Dirck Coornhert. After one year of publishing the press concluded most of its activities, and-according to documentary information recently found- the company was dissolved. Jan van Zuren became the sole owner of the firm, which over the next three years only issued a few books on commission. The production then ended completely. What became of the typographical material of the printing-shop has always been a mystery. As a result of bibliographical analysis it has now become clear that all the typefaces, initials and ornaments (including the devices)-in fact the whole inventory-were removed to the French town of Sedan. With the permission of the Duke of Bouillon a press was founded, which issued a number of exclusively Protestant works, most of them in Dutch, together with a few political publications in French emanating from the Calvinist leaders of the Resistance to Spanish rule. In 1565 the first factor to run the printing-shop, Goossen Goebens, made his name known in the imprint of a panegyric on the foundation of the press. The following year his place was taken by Lenaert der Kinderen, who broke his contract with Plantin for this new post. In 1567 the press appears to have been active in another town, again in another country. At some time during this year the printing-shop was moved to Emden in East Frisia, where, in 1569, the typographical material is to be found in a book published by the emigrant Jean Malet. Meanwhile six publications, including five Protestant books, were issued without any imprint. Circumstantial evidence justifies the conclusion that one or both of Dirck Coornhert's brothers then were running the printing-office, which they probably already owned in the Sedan period.


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