Philosophy and Psychology

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Antony ◽  
Georges Rey
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Research Program ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind

Philosophy and psychology have always been inseparable, particularly with regard to issues of methodology. The chapter begins with a brief history of the a priori and introspectivist traditions of both, and of the various forms of behaviorism that were a reaction to them. It then turns to the “computational” and “functionalist” approaches to the mind that grew out of the development of the computer and especially the linguistic work of Noam Chomsky. These blossomed into the research program of “cognitive science” that combines work in linguistics, psychology, neuroscience, biology, and computer science to empirically address questions about the nature and architecture of the mind, and issues in semantics, epistemology, and moral psychology. the chapter concludes by briefly discussing two important cases concerning the nature of consciousness, its supposed “unity,” and various forms of self-blindness, which raise surprising empirical questions about our introspective access to our mental states.

Beérkezett könyvek

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-427
Author(s):  
Csaba Pléh
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Origin Of Mind ◽  
The Mind

Ádám György: A rejtozködo elme. Egy fiziológus széljegyzetei Carpendale, J. I. M. és Müller, U. (eds): Social interaction and the development of knowledge Cloninger, R. C.: Feeling good. The science of well being Dunbar, Robin, Barrett, Louise, Lycett, John: Evolutionary psychology Dunbar, Robin: The human story. A new history of makind's evolution Geary, D. C.: The origin of mind. Evolution of brain, cognition and general intelligence Gedeon Péter, Pál Eszter, Sárkány Mihály, Somlai Péter: Az evolúció elméletei és metaforái a társadalomtudományokban Harré, Rom: Cognitive science: A philosophical introduction Horváth György: Pedagógiai pszichológia Marcus, G.: The birth of the mind. How a tiny number of genes creates the complexities of human thought Solso, R. D.: The psychology of art and the evolution of the conscious brain Wray, A. (ed.): The transition to language

Knowledge, belief, and moral psychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mikhail
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Moral Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Representations ◽  
Knowledge Attributions ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
Synthetic A Priori ◽  
The Law

Abstract Phillips et al. make a strong case that knowledge representations should play a larger role in cognitive science. Their arguments are reinforced by comparable efforts to place moral knowledge, rather than moral beliefs, at the heart of a naturalistic moral psychology. Conscience, Kant's synthetic a priori, and knowledge attributions in the law all point in a similar direction.

Moral Psychology with Nietzsche

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Leiter
Keyword(s):  
Moral Psychology ◽  
David Hume ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Harry Frankfurt ◽  
Derk Pereboom ◽  
History Of

This book offers both a reading and defense of Nietzsche’s moral psychology, drawing on both empirical psychological results and contemporary philosophical positions and arguments. Among the views explained and defended are: anti-realism about all value, including epistemic value; a kind of sentimentalism about evaluative judgment; epiphenomenalism about certain conscious mental states, including those involved in the conscious experience of willing; and radical skepticism about free will and moral responsibility. Psychological research, from Daniel Wegner’s work on the experience of willing to the famed Minnesota Twin studies, is marshalled in support of the Nietzschean picture of moral psychology. Nietzschean views are brought into dialogue with contemporary philosophical views defended by, among many others, Harry Frankfurt, T.M. Scanlon, Gary Watson, and Derk Pereboom. Nietzsche emerges not simply as a museum piece from the history of ideas, but as a philosopher and psychologist who exceeds David Hume for insight into human nature and the human mind, one who repeatedly anticipates later developments in empirical psychology, and continues to offer sophisticated and unsettling challenges to much conventional wisdom in philosophy.

Cognitive Science

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Thagard
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Practical Progress ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
Past Half

Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence, embracing psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, philosophy, anthropology, and computer modeling (artificial intelligence). After a review of the history of the field and its contributing disciplines, this chapter examines some of the main theoretical and experimental advances that cognitive science has accomplished over the past half-century, deriving lessons that might be useful for researchers in any emerging interdisciplinary area. The intellectual benefits of interdisciplinary research dramatically outweigh the personal and social difficulties of operating in more than one field. For theoretical, experimental, and practical progress, the separate disciplines that study the mind need to be interdependent, relying on each other for ideas and methods that complement their own.

Intentionality and Phenomenality: A Phenomenological Take on the Hard Problem

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 63-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zahavi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Hard Problem ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Conscious Mind ◽  
David Chalmers ◽  
Ice Cube ◽  
The Hard Problem ◽  
The Mind

In his bookThe Conscious MindDavid Chalmers introduced a now-familiar distinction between the hard problem and the easy problems of consciousness. The easy problems are those concerned with the question of how the mind can process information, react to environmental stimuli, and exhibit such capacities as discrimination, categorization, and introspection (Chalmers 1996, 4; 1995, 200). All of these abilities are impressive, but they are, according to Chalmers, not metaphysically baffling, since they can all be tackled by means of the standard repertoire of cognitive science and explained in terms of computational or neural mechanisms. This task might still be difficult, but it is within reach. In contrast, the hard problem — also known astheproblem of consciousness (Chalmers 1995, 201) — is the problem of explaining why mental states have phenomenal or experiential qualities. Why is it like something to ‘taste coffee,’ to ‘touch an ice cube,’ to ‘look at a sunset,’ etc.? Why does it feel the way it does? Why does it feel like anything at all?

scholarly journals Emotions in Philosophy. A Short Introduction

Studia Humana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Dąbrowski
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
History Of

Abstract In recent decades, there has been a renewed attention to the emotions amongst scientists of different disciplines: psychology, psychiatry, neurobiology, cognitive science, computer science, sociology, economics, and many others. There are many research centers and scientific journals devoted to affective states already existing. However, studies of emotion have a very long history - especially in philosophy (anthropology, ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, and rhetoric). Philosophers first raised many important questions about emotions and their contribution to the discovery of the nature of emotions is very important. The aim of the article is the reconstruction of the views on emotions of particular thinkers in history of philosophy.

scholarly journals CRÍTICA DE CHOMSKY AO MATERIALISMO

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Daniel Luporini de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Normal Science ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Mechanical Philosophy ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Universe

No presente artigo, pretende-se expor e analisar as críticas que Noam Chomsky (2000) dirige contra o materialismo em filosofia da mente. Para o referido autor, a rigor, não faria sentido questionar o estatuto ontológico da mente, na medida em que os próprios físicos e filósofos materialistas desconhecem 90% da matéria que constitui o universo (a matéria e energia escuras). Deste modo, Chomsky dirá que no tempo de Descartes, da filosofia mecânica, o que se fazia era ciência normal, ao passo que após o advento das ideias de Newton, o universo passa a ser antimaterialista. O presente trabalho pode ser útil/valioso à filosofia e história das ciências naturais, à física e à filosofia da mente. Palavras-chave: Materialismo; Matéria Escura; Filosofia Mecânica.   Abstract The aim of this paper is to expose and analyze Noam Chomsky’s criticisms against materialism in philosophy of mind. For this author, strictly speaking, questioning the ontological status of the mind would not make sense, considering that the materialistic physicists and philosophers themselves are unaware of 90% of the matter that constitutes the universe (dark matter and energy). Accordingly, Chomsky will say that in Descartes’ time, or in times of mechanical philosophy, what was done was normal science, while after the advent of Newton's ideas the universe becomes anti-materialist. This paper can be useful/valuable to philosophy and history of natural sciences, physics and philosophy of mind. Keywords: Materialism; Dark Matter; Mechanical Philosophy.

scholarly journals Psychopathology and the Enactive Mind

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Colombetti
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Specific Structure ◽  
Enactive Approach ◽  
The Mind ◽  
In Virtue Of

According to the "enactive" approach in philosophy of mind and cognitive science, mental states are neither identical with, nor reducible to, brain activity. Rather, the mind is enacted or brought forth by the whole situated living organism in virtue of its specific structure and organization. Although increasingly influential in cognitive science, the enactive approach has had little to do with psychopathology so far. This chapter first outlines this approach in some detail, and then illustrates its conceptual and methodological connections to psychopathology. It also provides some indications on how to develop a more explicitly "enactive psychopathology."

Cognitive Computing and Its Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Sandhya P. ◽  
Aishwarya Madhav Mujumdar ◽  
Abhijit Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Unstructured Data ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come

Cognitive computing is a combination of cognitive science and computer science. Cognitive science is study of the human brain and its functionality whereas computer science seems to have severe impacts in our personal lives, healthcare, etc. Use of massive unstructured data in past few years have led to invention of cognitive systems. Programmable computers focused on fast calculations of large amounts of data whereas cognitive systems are intended towards exploring data, finding new correlations, and context in data in order to come up with new solutions. The goal of cognitive computing is to increase boundaries of human perception instead of replacing the way human thinks. A new industrial revolution in the form of cognitive computing is responsible for job automation healthcare, transportation, home automation, and many more. This chapter includes a brief history of cognitive computing and also the eras of computing in order to understand the growth of cognitive computing in future and also the applications based on cognitive technology.

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