Hydrates for Cold Storage: Formation Characteristics, Stability, and Promoters

The potential of hydrates formed from R141b (CH3CCl2F), trimethylolethane (TME), and tetra-n-butylammonium bromide/tetra-n-butylammonium chloride (TBAB/TBAC) to be used as working substances for cold storage was investigated to provide a solution for unbalanced energy grids. In this study, the characteristics of hydrate formation, crystal morphology of hydrates, and the stability of hydrate in cyclic formation under 0.1 MPa and at 5 °C were carried out. It found that the ice had a positive effect on the hydrate formation under same conditions. Upon the addition of the ice cube, the induction time of R141b, TME, and TBAB/TBAC hydrates decreased markedly, and significantly high formation rates were obtained. Under magnetic stirring, the rate at which TBAB/TBAC formed hydrates was significantly lower than that when ice was used. In microscopic experiments, it was observed that the TBAB/TBAC mixture formed hydrates with more nucleation sites and compact structures, which may increase the hydrate formation rate. In the multiple cycle formation of TBAB/TBAC hydrates, the induction time gradually decreased with the increasing number of formation cycles and finally stabilized, which indicated the potential of the TBAB/TBAC hydrates for application in cold storage owing to their good durability and short process time for heat absorption and release.

Conjured from Fragments: KMD's Mr. Hood and the Transformative Poetics of the Golden Age Rap Album

Between 1988 and 1991, the rap album took flight. Under the dual impetus of innovations in sampling, and of the album form itself, an explosion of youthful creativity ensured the rap album, mined for more self-consciously artistic potential, emerged as a multi-layered artform that revealed a similarly multi-layered Black genius. For innovators like the Bomb Squad (Public Enemy, Ice Cube, Son of Bazerk), Prince Paul (De La Soul) and others, the rap album was now often “more” than just a rap album. It could at once take on the characteristics of a radio show, a simulated game show, a talking comic book, a picaresque novel, an Afrofuturist vaudeville, or a visit to the movies—and, through any of these, invoke a multitude of stories and critiques from marginalized young Black perspectives.Drawing on a variety of ideas from Black American cultural studies, particularly those focused on creative transformation as a form of transcendence, this article analyzes the multi-layered creativity of one of this period's most unsung, yet ultimately important albums: KMD's showpiece of sampling transformation and satiric narrative wit, Mr. Hood. Best known as the album that initiated the career of the MC/producer later known as MF DOOM (arguably the most revered figure in underground rap post-1999), it also initiated his surreal approach to sampling non-musical material from sources in popular culture and envisagement of rap as a kind of modern-day folklore. Attempting to find a new way of working across the layers of the rap album—the magical interplay of mood, beat, references, verbal samples, storytelling, etc.—the article argues that such sample-based flights of the imagination represent a continuation of the Afro-magical tradition Theophus Smith calls Conjuring Culture.

“The Ultimate Drive by”: Racionais MC’s, Ice Cube, and the Pursuit of Blackness

Considering that hip-hop music is the foremost contemporary artistic expression of Black lives I discuss American rapper Ice Cube’s track “I wanna Kill Sam” and Brazilian group Racionais Mc’s’s track “Racistas otários”. The two tracks have in common the fact that they address the experiences of Black people through their relationship with public policies and institutions that claim to promote the emancipation of Black people in Brazil and in the USA. I, then, demonstrate that the Racionais and Ice Cube symbolically (re)dimension contemporary “Blackness” as a result of the constant physical and symbolic clashes that started back in the slavery regime.

EFEK PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK RUMPUT LAUT Eucheuma Cottonii PADA PEMBUATAN ES BATU TERHADAP KEMUNDURAN MUTU KERANG LOKAN (Geloina erosa) DAN KERANG DARAH (Anadara granosa)

Phylum molusca is a group of animals that are soft-bodied and have no spine (invertebrates). One of the phylum molusca is a class of Bivalvia that is generally in the form of lateral symmetry, a type of bivalvia that is often found in the water of Riau Islands is Lokan shells (Geloina erosa) and Darah shells (Anadara granosa) that live in tidal areas. The purpose of this study is to find out if the addition of water ice cubes resulting from the extraction of seaweed Echeuma Cottonii is effective for lokan shells and blood shells. Based on the results of the study obtained for the meat rendment of each shell is 85.39% in lokan shells and 84.27% in darah shells. Organoleptic results showed a more effective treatment of shellfish treatment with the addition of regular ice cubes, Water Holding Capacity (WHC) for the treatment of water ice cube extract binding or absorbing more water than regular ice cube treatment. The second pH of shellfish from three treatments had a value below 7, the lowest acidic pH obtained treatment with seaweed ice cubes.

Ultrathin micromolded 3D scaffolds for high-density photoreceptor layer reconstruction

Polymeric scaffolds are revolutionizing therapeutics for blinding disorders affecting the outer retina, a region anatomically and functionally defined by light-sensitive photoreceptors. Recent engineering advances have produced planar scaffolds optimized for retinal pigment epithelium monolayer delivery, which are being tested in early-stage clinical trials. We previously described a three-dimensional scaffold supporting a polarized photoreceptor monolayer, but photoreceptor somata typically occupy multiple densely packed strata to maximize light detection. Thus, patients with severe photoreceptor degeneration are expected to extract greater benefits from higher-density photoreceptor delivery. Here, we describe the microfabrication of a biodegradable scaffold patterned for high-density photoreceptor replacement. The “ice cube tray” structure optimizes mechanical properties and cell-to-biomaterial load, enabling production of a multicellular photoreceptor layer designed for outer retinal reconstruction. Our approach may also be useful in the production of a multitude of micro- and nanoscale structures for multilayered cell delivery in other tissues.

Cold urticaria with risk of anaphylaxis treated with omalizumab: a case report

Background: Omalizumab, a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody has recently been used as an option in the treatment of inducible urticaria.Case report: We describe the case of a 46-year-old woman, referred at Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca by a history of hives, body itching, changes in skin color following exposure to water and chest tightness after consumption of cold beverages; therefore, she limited outdoor activities and personal hygiene. We conducted challenges tests with heat, soaked towel, treadmill and dermographism which were negative, the ice cube test was positive; to establish the speed of hive formation, we establish exposure to cold intervals for 1, 3, 5 and 10 min; a positive result was obtained since the third minute. Because of the poor response to drug treatment, cold avoidance measures, poor quality of life, high risk of anaphylaxis and the advent of the winter season, omalizumab was administered at doses of 150 mg monthly during the winter season. After the first dose, episodes of hives in areas exposed to cold were not reported; the ice cube test before the second dose and in the months that followed was negative; the patient was able to ingest cold beverages and food. There were no adverse reactions attributable to the use of omalizumab. Three year after the first dose, the patient remains asymptomatic. Conclusion: We reported one of the first cases of cold induced urticaria with risk of anaphylaxis with a positive response to omalizumab, which was reflected in symptom control and improved quality of life.

ROLE OF BASE PLATFORM TO PREPARE PARPATI KALPANA W.S.R. TO RASA PARPATI

Parpati Kalpana is one of the famous Kalpanas of Rasashastra which is widely used and considered as a boon for digestive disorders. The Parpati name is given to this Kalpana as per its Papad or Parpata – thin flake – like appearance. Parpati Kalpana is mainly divided into Sagandha and Nirgandha Parpati Kalpana. Rasa Parpati is the type of Sagandha Parpati Kalpana. To prepare Parpati kalpana, at least one ingredient should get liquefied at normal heating and should get solidified when it gets cooled down, not only that, to get the thin flake like structure specific pressure needs to be applied. In present study Rasa Parpati was prepared by using Samaguna Kajjali (Equal quantity of Parada and Gandhaka) and to check the cooling effect and the role of base platform; here three different platforms were made i.e. cow dung and wet clay mixed platform, only wet clay platform (Earthen platform) and ice block platform. Total nine samples of Rasa Parpati were prepared, three on each platform to check which platform is convenient to prepare Rasa Parpati. The average thickness of Rasa Parpati was found minimum (2.83 mm) on cow dung and wet clay mixed platform whereas the maximum (4 mm) on ice block platform i.e. 4 mm. Average thickness of Rasa Parpati made on earthen platform was 3.57 mm which is thicker than the Cow dung and wet clay mixed platform and thinner than the ice cube platform. Which indicates the best platform to make thinnest Parpati is cow dung and wet clay mixed platform.