Minimalism in Morphological Theories

2018 ◽  
pp. 165-186
Author(s):  
Antonio Fábregas
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Interface Properties ◽  
Substantial Influence ◽  
Computational System ◽  
Different Types

This chapter reviews the main theories and proposals that in current debates have received a substantial influence from the so-called Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995). This research program has been reflected in different types of morphological theories through three main properties: (i) a change in focus from the internal rules of combination of heads to the interface properties of morphological structures and the influence that third factor considerations have on them; (ii) a trend to derive, rather than to postulate as a lexical property, as many properties of morphological objects as possible, and (iii) a trend to remove from the computational system some classical morphological properties, such as agreement, in order to associate them to the externalization component of grammar.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Bio-Phenolic/Epoxy Polymer Blends

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Ahmad Safwan Ismail ◽  
Mohammad Jawaid ◽  
Norul Hisham Hamid ◽  
Ridwan Yahaya ◽  
Azman Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Epoxy Polymer ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Unique Material ◽  
Different Types

Polymer blends is a well-established and suitable method to produced new polymeric materials as compared to synthesis of a new polymer. The combination of two different types of polymers will produce a new and unique material, which has the attribute of both polymers. The aim of this work is to analyze mechanical and morphological properties of bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends to find the best formulation for future study. Bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends were fabricated using the hand lay-up method at different loading of bio-phenolic (5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, and 25 wt%) in the epoxy matrix whereas neat bio-phenolic and epoxy samples were also fabricated for comparison. Results indicated that mechanical properties were improved for bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends compared to neat epoxy and phenolic. In addition, there is no sign of phase separation in polymer blends. The highest tensile, flexural, and impact strength was shown by P-20(biophenolic-20 wt% and Epoxy-80 wt%) whereas P-25 (biophenolic-25 wt% and Epoxy-75 wt%) has the highest tensile and flexural modulus. Based on the finding, it is concluded that P-20 shows better overall mechanical properties among the polymer blends. Based on this finding, the bio-phenolic/epoxy blend with 20 wt% will be used for further study on flax-reinforced bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends.

scholarly journals Agro-ecological conditions and morphoproductive properties of spelt wheat

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jankovic ◽  
J. Ikanovic ◽  
V. Popovic ◽  
S. Rakic ◽  
J. Kuzevski
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Grey Forest Soil ◽  
Novi Sad

Experiments were conducted during 2011-2012, at three localities in Serbia (Valjevo, Nova Varos and Nova Pazova). The seed of spelt wheat cultivar Nirvana was used, having been selected at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. The objective of the research was to assess the effect of agro-ecological conditions on morphological and productive properties of spelt wheat grown on different types of soils. The effect of the locality was significantly expressed in all tested morphological properties of spelt wheat (plant height, number of spikelets, number of grains per spikelet), while meteorological conditions (year) affected spike length and grain mass per spike significantly. The average grain yield from all three localities was 3.20 t ha-1. A considerably higher yield was achieved on chernozem, locality Nova Pazova (3.89 t ha-1). The comparison of the grain yields from Valjevo (eutric cambisol) and Nova Varos (grey forest soil) did not show any significant differences.

Sideward Movement

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Model ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
Computational System ◽  
Copy Theory Of Movement ◽  
Copy Theory ◽  
Primitive Operation ◽  
Chain Links

Assuming the general framework of the Minimalist Program of Chomsky 1995, this article argues that Move is not a primitive operation of the computational system, but rather the output of the interaction among the independent operations Copy, Merge, Form Chain, and Chain Reduction (deletion of chain links for purposes of linearization). The crucial aspect of this alternative model is that it permits constrained instances of sideward movement, whereby a given constituent “moves” from a syntactic object K to an independent syntactic object L. This version of the copy theory of movement (a) provides an explanation for why (some) traces must be deleted in the phonological component, (b) provides a cyclic analysis for standard instances of noncyclic movement, and (c) accounts for the main properties of parasitic gap and across-the-board extraction constructions.

Derivational Economy in Syntax and Semantics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Željko Bošković ◽  
Troy Messick
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Computational System ◽  
Language Faculty ◽  
Generative Theory ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Syntactic Dependencies

Economy considerations have always played an important role in the generative theory of grammar. They are particularly prominent in the most recent instantiation of this approach, the Minimalist Program, which explores the possibility that Universal Grammar is an optimal way of satisfying requirements that are imposed on the language faculty by the external systems that interface with the language faculty which is also characterized by optimal, computationally efficient design. In this respect, the operations of the computational system that produce linguistic expressions must be optimal in that they must satisfy general considerations of simplicity and efficient design. Simply put, the guiding principles here are (a) do something only if you need to and (b) if you do need to, do it in the most economical/efficient way. These considerations ban superfluous steps in derivations and superfluous symbols in representations. Under economy guidelines, movement takes place only when there is a need for it (with both syntactic and semantic considerations playing a role here), and when it does take place, it takes place in the most economical way: it is as short as possible and carries as little material as possible. Furthermore, economy is evaluated locally, on the basis of immediately available structure. The locality of syntactic dependencies is also enforced by minimal search and by limiting the number of syntactic objects and the amount of structure accessible in the derivation. This is achieved by transferring parts of syntactic structure to the interfaces during the derivation, the transferred parts not being accessible for further syntactic operations.

Heart valve bioprothesis; effect of different acellularizations methods on the biomechanical and morphological properties of porcine aortic and pulmonary valve

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wilczek
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Valve Prosthesis ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valve ◽  
New Type

Heart valve bioprothesis; effect of different acellularizations methods on the biomechanical and morphological properties of porcine aortic and pulmonary valveTissue engineering is a promising tool for the creation of a new type of the heart valve bioprothesis. The biological scaffold composed of decellularized tissue has been successfully used for the constructions of the valve prosthesis. An analysis of the efficiency of the valve leaflet acellularization methods and the influence of those methods on the morphology and the biomechanical properties of the ECM (extra cellular matrix) was performed. Fresh porcine hearts obtained from a slaughterhouse were used in the experiments. The efficiency of the acellularization methods was dependent on the tissue type and the acellularoization methods used. The more effective were the enzymatic methods, both because of the cell removal efficiency and the effect on the biomechanical properties of the heart valve. The differences in the biomechanical and morphological properties of the porcine aortic and the pulmonary valve after different types of the acellularization process could influence the hemodynamic conditions of the heart after the valve replacement, which limited the range of the tissue types used for the creations of the tissue engineered heart valve.

scholarly journals Recycled Polymer Materials as Aggregates for Concrete and Blocks

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Md Akhtarul Islam ◽  
Mainuddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Abdus Salam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Floating Structures ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Waste Polymer ◽  
Recycled Waste ◽  
Recycled Polymer

The potential of recycled waste polymeric materials as a substitute for aggregates in concrete has been investigated in the study. Two different types of waste polymer, namely polyurethane formaldehyde (PUF) based packaging waste and high density polyethylene (HDPE) were recycled and used in the experiment. Concrete and masonry poly block specimens were prepared using recycled polymer materials, and test specimens were characterized. The effects of waste polymer materials on the mechanical, physical and morphological properties of concrete and poly blocks have been investigated. The result shows that the inclusion of waste polymer materials decreases density, porosity and water absorption of concrete and poly blocks significantly. Polyurethane formaldehyde (PUF) based block exhibited lower density than that of HDPE-based concrete. Due to exceptionally low density, recycled polymer modified blocks and concrete can be used in non-load bearing structures, floating structures and where light weight materials recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i1.15859 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 1, June 2012: 53-57

Electrical Properties of LLDPE/SR with Nano-Silica and Nanoboron Nitride

2013 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Ismail Nurul Hidayah ◽  
M. Mariatti ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
M. Kamarol
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Master Batch

Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) nanocomposites based on 70:30 of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and silicone rubber (SR) filled with nanosilica (SiO2) and nanoboron nitride (BN) was prepared. The effect of different types of nanofiller and sequence of blending on dielectric breakdown strength, dielectric properties and morphological properties of the blend was evaluated. The results showed that the presence of nanofiller improved the dielectric strength of LLDPE/SR. BN filled system had better dielectric strength as compared to SiO2 filled system. The addition of nanofillers also increased dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the blends. The sequence of blending significantly affected the properties of the material. The indirect blending (sample prepared master batch of SR/nanofiller) showed higher dielectric strength compared to the sample prepared through direct blending. The result was explained through SEM observation which showed the presence of fewer interfaces in the indirect blending sample, thus resulting in less weak points. This would have resulted in higher dielectric strength compared to direct blending sample which had various interfaces. The sample prepared through direct blending also showed remarkably higher dielectric contant and loss which is not suitable for insulator.

scholarly journals Morphological properties of underwater soils of river deltas

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Tkachenko ◽  
M. N. Kozachuk ◽  
O. V. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference

The results of the study of the morphological properties of underwater soils in the deltas of the Volga, Don and Kuban rivers are shown. This paper is based on field descriptions of profiles of underwater soils found in deltas. Genetic horizons have been identified, their basic properties (pH, Eh, electrical conductivity, grain size composition, organic carbon content) have been studied and the main types of soils, which are formed under different types of sedimentation and under different types of aquatic vegetation, have been described. Names of horizons and types of soils are given due to the classification of underwater soils (aquazems) of the Volga delta, that had been proposed previously. The diversity of underwater soils of three deltas has been studied, and the properties of the same soil types formed in different deltas have been compared. The features of underwater soils formation are described; the difference between the factors of underwater and terrestrial soil formation is discussed. It is shown that the number of occurring soil types depends on the diversity of the emerging types of aquatic landscapes and the contrast of the conditions of migration and accumulation of matter. Necessary conditions for the forming of underwater soils and the possibility of relating bottom sediments to soil formations are discussed. Our results are indicative of the need of studying bottom sediments with soil-like profile from the standpoint of soil science and the inclusion of aquazems into the modern Russian soil classification.

Prolegomena to a theory of chorophorics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco-Alessio Ursini
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Syntax Analysis ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Common Category ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Formal Category

Abstract The goal of this paper is to offer a theoretical analysis of chorophorics, a recently proposed pro-formal category that can refer either to “places”, or to locations as arguments of spatial relations. It is suggested that chorophorics are a common category that displays heterogeneous morphological properties but homogeneous syntactic distribution and semantic interpretation. Evidence supporting this argument is offered via eight genetically unrelated languages. The evidence shows that at least three different types of chorophorics can be individuated across languages: chorophorics as a sub-type of prepositions, of case-marked nouns or of postpositions. A formal account is offered, based on a Lexical Syntax analysis. The account shows that chorophorics share a similar distribution with prepositional phrases and receive their “place” sense from their distribution in discourse contexts.

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