Forests, steppes, and coastlines

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Borrero
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Coastal Resources ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Southern Patagonia ◽  
Coastal Birds ◽  
Human Colonization

The human colonization of southern Patagonia began over 11,500 radiocarbon years bp. The first colonizers exploited Pleistocene megamammals and camelids. During the Early Holocene, after the extinction of the megamammals, hunter-gatherers concentrated on the exploitation of camelids. During the Middle Holocene a full exploitation of coastal resources began—pinnipeds, molluscs, and coastal birds. The main trends observed in the exploitation of these animals through time were in the intensity of utilization. Huemul and Rheidae were discontinuously exploited in the interior, particularly in the forests. On the coasts, molluscs, fish, and birds complemented the human diet, especially during the Late Holocene. The main subsistence changes after the European contact resulted from the introduction of sheep and horses.

Stable isotope studies in the Salitroso Lake Basin (southern Patagonia, Argentina): assessing diet of Late Holocene hunter-gatherers

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tessone ◽  
A. F. Zangrando ◽  
G. Barrientos ◽  
R. Goñi ◽  
H. Panarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Southern Patagonia ◽  
Isotope Studies

Biogeographic Implications of a Packrat Midden Sequence from the Sacramento Mountains, South-Central New Mexico

1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Van Devender ◽  
Julio L. Betancourt ◽  
Mark Wimberly
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Desert Grassland ◽  
Creosote Bush ◽  
Oak Woodland ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
Sacramento Mountains ◽  
South Central

Thirteen packrat (Neotoma spp.) and two porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) middens from 1555 to 1690 m elevation from the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico, provide an 18,000-yr vegetation record in the northern Chiuahuan Desert. The vegetation sequence is a mesic, Wisconsin fullglacial (18,000–16,000 yr B.P.) pinyon-juniper-oak woodland; a xeric, early Holocene (ca. 11,000–8000 yr B.P.) juniper-oak woodland; a middle Holocene (ca. 8000-4000 yr B.P.) desert-grassland; and a late Holocene (ca. 4000 yr B.P. to present) Chihuahuan desertscrub. The frequency of spring freezes and summer droughts in the late Wisconsin probably set the northern limits of Pinus edulis and Juniperus monosperma at about 34°N, or 6° south of today's limit. Rising summer tempratures in the early Holocene eliminated pinyon and other mesic woodland plants from the desert lowlands and allowed the woodland to move upslope. At this time pinyon-juniper woodland and pine forest dominated by Pinus ponderosa probably began their spectacular Holocene expansions to the north. Continued warming in the middle Holocene led to very warm summers with strong monsoons, relatively dry, cold winters, and widespread desert-grasslands. Desertscrub communities in the northern Chihuahuan Desert did not develop until the late Holocene when the biseasonal rainfall shifted slightly back toward the winter, catastrophic winter freezes decreased, and droughts in all seasons increased. The creosote bush desertscrub corridor across the Continental Divide between the Chihuahuan and Sonoran deserts was probably connected for the first time since the last interglaciation.

scholarly journals The Lateglacial-Early Holocene dynamics of the sedimentation environment based on the multi-proxy abiotic study of Lieporiai palaeolake, Northern Lithuania

Baltica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Laura Gedminienė ◽  
Laurynas Šiliauskas ◽  
Žana Skuratovič ◽  
Ričardas Taraškevičius ◽  
Rimantė Zinkutė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Climate Regime ◽  
Glacial Retreat ◽  
Peat Accumulation ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
Sedimentation Environment ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Sequence Study

New data were obtained from the sedimentary sequence study of Lieporiai palaeolake, Northern Lithuania, employing a multi-proxy abiotic approach, for the description of the Lateglacial-Early Holocene palaeoenvironmental dynamics in the basin. The study reveals significant differences in sediments deposited in the Lateglacial, at the end of Lateglacial/Early Holocene and in the Late Holocene time periods. Six main environmental stages are described. After glacial retreat, the formed landscape was re-organized by very fast currents that might have appeared later than previously thought. Rapid water flow stabilized and lacustrine sedimentation began together with the appearance of scarce pioneer vegetation shortly before 14 600 cal yr BP, (GI-1e). The development of the lake with mostly undisturbed sedimentation continued up to the final stages of the Lateglacial Interstadial. The warm period caused maximum precipitation of Ca and Sr carbonates, which strongly affected sediment saturation with other components. Increase in humidity in the later Lateglacial Stadial (GS-1) period is indicated by the abrupt appearance of the coarser-sized mineral matter accompanied by weathering elements, i.e. Ti, Al, Si, Mg, and the early immigration of Picea. About 11 500 cal yr BP, the mineral matter input started decreasing, and stabilization of the climate regime began about 10 200 cal yr BP. (A)biotic proxies highlight slow sedimentation mechanisms that recover shallow- and trophic-lake stages. The Lieporiai palaeolake record clearly shows the sedimentation hiatus between the Early and the Middle Holocene. Further stages are characterized by paludification processes. Finally, peat accumulation was interrupted by humans.

Chemistry, radiocarbon ages, and development of a subtropical acid peat in Queensland, Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn S. Krull ◽  
Clifford H. Thompson ◽  
Jan O. Skjemstad
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
14C Age

A subtropical peat, developed on a costal plain in southern Queensland, has been studied with respect to its morphology, radiocarbon (14C) age, total organic carbon (C) content, stable C isotopic (δ13C) values, and spectroscopic characteristics (13C-NMR and FTIR). The combination of techniques allowed for an interpretation of changes in peat development over time, an assessment of paleoclimatic changes that apparently occurred during peat growth, and a comparison with perched lake sediments on Fraser Island.Geochemical data from the peat showed a relative increase in abundance of aromatic C (which may include charcoal) from the Pleistocene to the early Holocene and much decreased abundances of aromatic C thereafter. This trend may be due to changes in fire frequency from the Pleistocene–early Holocene (high fire frequency) to the early and middle Holocene (relatively low fire frequency). This interpretation is consistent with other published data from this area, showing increased aridity, increased fire frequency and dominance of sclerophyll forest during the late Pleistocene–early Holocene.Another significant geochemical change in the acid peat occurred within the middle to late Holocene. This period is characterised by highly 13C-depleted organic matter and a comparably high alkyl C (lipid) content. These data are interpreted as indicating wetter and year-round waterlogged conditions, possibly associated with poor drainage during the Holocene sea level maximum c. 5500–3000 years BP. By comparison, abundance of alkyl C decreased and δ13C values increased in the latest Holocene. The geochemical data from the acid peat point to the occurrence of a dry phase during the late Pleistocene to early Holocene and a wet phase in the middle to late Holocene, followed by another dry phase. These data correspond well with published data of 2 phases of dune formation (dry periods) in the early to middle Holocene and in the latest Holocene for North Queensland.

From Hunters to Herders

2021 ◽  
pp. 249-269
Author(s):  
Friederike Jesse
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
The North ◽  
Libyan Desert ◽  
Over Time

The Nubian past cannot be fully understood without knowledge of occupation in the Libyan Desert west of the Nile. Hunter-gatherers occupied Nubia’s western hinterland during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene. Pottery and different pastoral adaptations featuring cattle, sheep, and goats appeared during the Middle Holocene. Cattle-centered behavior is evident: cattle largely dominates the economic and social life. Changing networks of contact and interaction are apparent over time. Depopulation of the region due to increasing aridity started earlier in the north, the southern Western Desert of Egypt, than in the south Libyan Desert of today’s Sudan where conditions for human settlement remained favorable in some areas up to the 1st millennium bce.

scholarly journals Link between East Asian summer monsoon and sedimentation in river-mouth sandbars since the early Holocene preserved in the Yangtze River subaqueous delta front

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Gang Xu ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Marcello Gugliotta ◽  
Yoshiki Saito ◽  
Lilei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Delta Front ◽  
The Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Asian Summer

AbstractThis paper presents geochemical and grain-size records since the early Holocene in core ECS0702 with a fine chronology frame obtained from the Yangtze River subaqueous delta front. Since ~9500 cal yr BP, the proxy records of chemical weathering from the Yangtze River basin generally exhibit a Holocene optimum in the early Holocene, a weak East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) period during the middle Holocene, and a relatively strong EASM period in the late Holocene. The ~8.2 and ~4.4 cal ka BP cooling events are recorded in core ECS0702. The flooding events reconstructed by the grain-size parameters since the early Holocene suggest that the floods mainly occurred during strong EASM periods and the Yangtze River mouth sandbar caused by the floods mainly formed in the early and late Holocene. The Yangtze River-mouth sandbars since the early Holocene shifted from north to south, affected by tidal currents and the Coriolis force, and more importantly, controlled by the EASM. Our results are of great significance for enriching both the record of Holocene climate change in the Yangtze River basin and knowledge about the formation and evolution progress of the deltas located in monsoon regions.

Mesolithic mortuary ritual at Franchthi Cave, Greece

Antiquity ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (263) ◽  
pp. 270-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Human Remains ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
Mortuary Ritual ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Southern Greece ◽  
Mesolithic Burials

Mesolithic sites are rare in the Aegean, and Mesolithic burials are uncommon throughout Europe. The Mesolithic human remains from Franchthi Cave, that remarkable, deeply stratified site in southern Greece, offer a rare glimpse into the burial practices of early Holocene hunter-gatherers of the Mediterranean.

Power, security, and exchange: Impacts of a Late Holocene volcanic eruption in Subarctic North America

2021 ◽  
pp. 019769312098682
Author(s):  
Todd J Kristensen ◽  
John W Ives ◽  
Kisha Supernant
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Major Event ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Bow And Arrow

We synthesize environmental and cultural change following a volcanic eruption at A.D. 846–848 in Subarctic North America to demonstrate how social relationships shaped responses to natural disasters. Ethnohistoric accounts and archaeometric studies reveal differences in human adaptations in the Yukon and Mackenzie river basins that relate to exertions of power over contested resources versus affordances of security to intercept dispersed migrating animals. The ways that pre-contact hunter-gatherers maintained or redressed ecological imbalances influenced respective trajectories of resilience to a major event. Adaptive responses to a volcanic eruption affected the movement of bow and arrow technology and the proliferation of copper use in northwest North America.

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