Physics and Metrology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Olesko
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Issues ◽  
The Relationship

This article traces the history of the relationship between physics and metrology, or physical metrology. It first examines how metrology became a part of the concerns of historians of science, and particularly physics, citing the work of Alexandre Koyré, Thomas Kuhn, and Witold Kula. It then describes various approaches to physics and metrology, focusing on the construction of a standard of length based on the seconds pendulum and the determination of the unit of electrical resistance. It also discusses broader historical issues in physics and metrology, including labour practices in physics, physics pedagogy, long-term processes of modernity (bureaucratization, industrialization, and the construction of empires), and the moral and ethical connotations of standards of measure. It shows that moral values became intertwined with metrology, especially in the British context.

Northeast India as an Indigenous Centre for the Domestication of Plants and Animals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjil Hazarika
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Rice Agriculture ◽  
Animal Domestication ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diverse Cultures

Northeast India is situated at the nexus of the South Asian, Southeast Asian, and East Asian biogeographical realms and harbours diverse biota, providing a unique opportunity to archaeologists and anthropologists for the study of the relationship between humans and their environment over the ages. Moreover, this region, the abode of diverse ethnic groups with diverse cultures and customs, hints at a long history of continuous and close association between humans and nature, which is important in the understanding of plant and animal domestication. Genetic analysis of present-day domesticates with their wild counterparts provides valuable insights into their differentiation, time of domestication, and changes in their morphological traits through control by humans. The chapter also elucidates the role played by rice in Northeast Indian culture and highlights the long-term history of rice agriculture in the region.

The Role of Locally Produced and Digitally Animated Cartoons in the Process of Acquisition of Social Values

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Pınar Özgökbel Bilis ◽  
Ali Emre Bilis
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Television Channel ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

Television channels for children contain many cartoons and programs. These productions reach the viewers via both the television and the channel's official website. TRT Çocuk, broadcasting for children as a government television channel, presents many locally produced animated cartoons to the viewers. A product of the modern and digital technology, these locally produced cartoons carry importance in terms of transfer of social values. This study focuses on locally produced animation cartoons that have an important potential especially in the transfer of national and moral values. Determination of values conveyed via cartoons that bear importance in the transformation of television into an educational tool allows the media and child relationships to become visible. This work aims to examine the relationship between media and values by defining the concept of “value.” After creating a corporate frame, the study brings to light the social values conveyed in locally produced cartoons aired on TRT Çocuk television channel via qualitative analysis method.

scholarly journals Cesarean scar defect and its association with clinical symptoms, uterine position and the number of cesarean sections

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 4091
Author(s):  
Madhangi V. B. ◽  
Ramany C.
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Caesarean Scar Defect ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Caesarean scar defect (CSD), also called isthmocele or niche is a long-term complication, which can be asymptomatic or can give rise to chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia and postmenstrual spotting. The objective of this study was to assess the association of CSD with clinical symptoms, position of the uterus and the number of caesarean sections.Methods: This was a prospective observational study done at a tertiary care teaching hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. The study included women with history of previous one or more caesarean sections with demonstrable CSD on transvaginal ultrasound. Various scar dimensions noted were width and depth of the scar. A deficiency ratio was calculated as a ratio of residual myometrium at the scar to the adjacent myometrium.Univariate analysis was done to assess the relationship of clinical symptoms with the defect parameters and number of previous caesarean sections. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done to find out the association between symptoms and number of previous caesarean sections with the scar defect dimensions.Results: The width, depth and deficiency ratio of the CSD were significantly higher in study subjects with a greater number of caesarean sections. Retroflexed uteri had larger CSD. There was no association of clinical features with the defect dimensions and the position of the uterus.Conclusions: CSD dimensions and deficiency ratio correlate with the number of previous caesarean sections and the position of the uterus. There was no association of clinical symptoms with the defect parameters.

scholarly journals Mnemonic Populism: The Polish Holocaust Law and its Afterlife

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelia Kończal
Keyword(s):  
Significant Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Foundations ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

In early 2018, the Polish parliament adopted controversial legislation criminalising assertions regarding the complicity of the ‘Polish Nation’ and the ‘Polish State’ in the Holocaust. The so-called Polish Holocaust Law provoked not only a heated debate in Poland, but also serious international tensions. As a result, it was amended only five months after its adoption. The reason why it is worth taking a closer look at the socio-cultural foundations and political functions of the short-lived legislation is twofold. Empirically, the short history of the Law reveals a great deal about the long-term role of Jews in the Polish collective memory as an unmatched Significant Other. Conceptually, the short life of the Law, along with its afterlife, helps capture poll-driven, manifestly moralistic and anti-pluralist imaginings of the past, which I refer to as ‘mnemonic populism’. By exploring the relationship between popular and political images of the past in contemporary Poland, this article argues for joining memory and populism studies in order to better understand what can happen to history in illiberal surroundings.

The breed structure and genetic analysis of the pedigree cattle breeds in Australia

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
JSF Barker
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Genetic Contribution ◽  
Genetic History ◽  
Effective Generation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Relationship Of

(i) The breed structure and genetic history of the pedigree Jersey breed in Australia are analysed by pedigree sampling methods. (ii) The breed structure may be divided into four levels, with imported animals at the top determining the genetic make-up of the breed. Animals imported since 1900 have made a genetic contribution to the breed in 1950 of 61.8 per cent. At least two substructures exist within the breed, based respectively on the major herds in Queensland and those in the rest of Australia. (iii) The genetic contribution to the breed of the most important of the herds is only 7.0 per cent. (iv) Determination of the percentage direct relationship of important animals in five sample years shows that no one animal has made a major contribution to the genotype of the breed. (v) The degree of inbreeding (base year 1900) is calculated. The total inbreeding in 1950 (4.19 per cent.) comprises 1.31 per cent. current inbreeding, 0.51 per cent. long-term inbreeding, and 2.37 per cent. strain inbreeding. The index of subdivision calculated from the non-current and long-term inbreeding is 5.65, indicating that the breed is subdivided into strains. (vi) The effective generation length for each of the pedigree breeds – Jersey, Australian Illawarra Shorthorn, Friesian, Ayrshire, and Guernsey – in Australia is 5 years. Most bulls are used when they are 1-3 years old, and are then lost to the pedigree industry. It is shown that the bull requirements of the above breeds could be met by the progeny of performance-recorded animals. Whether this would increase the rate of genetic improvement is discussed briefly. (vii) Genetic improvement in the Jersey breed could best be achieved by: ( a ) stopping further importation; ( b ) closing the breed in each environment and concentrating selection within these regions to develop strains adapted to each particular environment; ( c ) selecting on production records rather than using genetically unknown sires and dams, particularly in the major breeders' herds.

Long Term Changes in Abundance of Eggs of the Cornish Pilchard (Sardina Pilchardus Walbaum) Off Plymouth

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Hearsay Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

The inshore fishery for the pilchard in Cornish waters has existed for several hundred years, and such records as are available concerning fluctuation in catches and market conditions have been reviewed by Couch (1865), Cushing (1957) and Culley (1971). Although pilchard have been landed from Lyme Bay, from the eastern half of the Channel, and from the southern North Sea (Couch, 1865; Furnestin, 1945; Cushing, 1957; personal communications G. T. Boalch) the catches have usually been incidental to other fisheries and more sporadic than in Cornish waters. Traditionally there are three areas fished for the Cornish pilchard: on the north-west coast around St Ives; in Mounts Bay and towards the Scillies; and between the Lizard Pt and Bolt Tail in Devon (Couch, 1865; Culley, 1971). The latter region, constituting the inshore waters of south-east Cornwall and south Devon, effectively forms the eastern limits of the regular occurrence of commercial shoals. Knowledge of the breeding and life-history of the fish in this region has always been scarce and subject to much hearsay evidence (reviewed in Southward, 1963). Up to quite recently it was thought that the main spawning area lay well to the west of the entrance to the Channel, and it was not until the investigations reported by Corbin (1947,195°) a nd Cushing (1957)tnat it was conclusively shown that extensive spawning can occur within the English Channel from May to October. The relationship of the spawning in the western Channel to the other areas of spawning off the entrance to the Channel and in the northern Bay of Biscay is illustrated in a recent series of reports (Arbault & Boutin, 1968; Arbault & Lacroix-Boutin, 1969; Arbault & Lacroix, 1971; Wallace, P. D. & Pleasants, C. A., duplicated ICES meeting paper CM 1972/J: 8), and is further demonstrated by Demir & Southward (1974) in discussing the results of a study of small scale seasonal changes in spawning intensity in inshore waters.

Possible Hepatotoxicity Associated With Daptomycin

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonsun Mo ◽  
Fletcher Nehring ◽  
Andrew H. Jung ◽  
Seth T. Housman
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Dose ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose To report a case of isolated daptomycin-induced acute liver injury without elevations in creatine kinase (CK) levels or kidney dysfunction. Summary A 49-year-old female with a history of pancreatitis, lupus, diabetes, congestive heart failure, hypertension, and chronic pain syndrome presented to the emergency department with alteration in mental status and acute liver failure. The patient had been treated with daptomycin for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) endocarditis for 3 weeks. After ruling out other possible etiologies, daptomycin was suspected as a cause of acute liver failure. Her liver failure resolved gradually following withdrawal of daptomycin. Conclusion Although hepatic abnormalities caused by daptomycin are rare, a handful of cases with daptomycin-induced liver injury have been reported in the literature. Of note, in most cases, patients on daptomycin therapy developed liver damage with elevations in CK levels. Our case report suggests possible severe liver injury associated with high-dose and long-term daptomycin treatment in the absence of rhabdomyolysis. Future research is warranted to further investigate the relationship between daptomycin use and liver injury, yet it is reasonable to monitor liver function tests at baseline and weekly thereafter along with CK levels, especially in patients requiring long-term daptomycin therapy.

scholarly journals Perception of Voicing Cues by Children With Early Otitis Media With and Without Language Impairment

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Groenen ◽  
Thom Crul ◽  
Ben Maassen ◽  
Wim van Bon
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Central Auditory Processing ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the relationship between early otitis media with effusion (OME), language impairment, and central auditory processing has been equivocal. Identification and discrimination tasks provide us with a sensitive method of assessing speech perception on both an auditory and a phonetic level. The present study examined identification and discrimination of initial bilabial stop consonants differing in voicing by 9-year-old children with a history of severe OME. The groups studied were controlled for language impairment. The ability of these children to perceive major and minor voicing cues was examined using multiple voicing cues. Long-term effects of OME were found for both identification and discrimination performance. Children with OME produced an overall inconsistency in categorization, which suggests poorer phonetic processing. Discrimination was measured by means of “just noticeable differences” (JND). Children with early OME experience demonstrated a greater mean JND than children without early OME experience. Finally, in cases of language impairment with early OME, there was no additional deterioration of auditory or phonetic processing. It appears that either early OME or language impairment can lead to poorer perception.

scholarly journals Ukraine in the history of the movement for the conservation of geological heritage in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-134
Author(s):  
Volodymyr V. Manyuk ◽  
Olesia V. Bondar ◽  
Oleh V. Yaholnyk
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Geological Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First Nature

The paper focuses on the history of the movement for preservation of geological heritage of Ukraine, closely related to the history of geoconservation in Europe; determines the relationship of the extent of geodiversity and geological structure of a certain country, political system, historical traditions and attitude towards wildlife and inanimate nature. Despite the fact that geodiversity and biodiversity have always been in parallel, traditionally all nations in all the continents have focused more on the preservation of so-called wildlife. The article describes that preservation of the so-called inanimate nature; provides a rather sufficient analysis of literature sources which report on the problem of preserving bio- and geodiversity not only in Ukraine, but also in other countries of Europe. In particular, the combination of biotic and abiotic constituents of nature proved to be an essential aspect in determining the place of the world`s first nature reserve and location of an important centre of Buddhism in Mihintale, Sri Lanka. The start of the movement for preservation of so-called inanimate nature in Europe could, with a certain extent of possibility, be considered the first historical written mention of the subject, which was declared in the 10th Chapter of Third Statute of Lithuania in 1588. That is protection of rivers against artificial change of their banks, change in currents and preservation of large erratic boulders. As an important stage of the beginning of the movement for preservation of the so-called inanimate, can be considered the year 1668, when in Germany the Baumannshöhle cave was preserved. It was first mentioned in the literature in 1565, and in 1646 the cave became an object of tourism. During the analysis of the historical stage related to the movement ProGEO, we emphasizes international events in which the representatives of the Ukrainian ProGEO group took part. Active work of the Ukrainian ProGEO group created conditions for transition to a new level of geoconservation, i.e. determination of the possibility of creating a new category of objects of the Nature-Reserve fund of Ukraine – geological parks (geoparks) as important locations for the development of geotourism and territories of complex conservation of the natural environment.

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