Neoclassical Economics as the New Social Engineering

2014 ◽  
pp. 519-533
Author(s):  
David Ellerman
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Shock Therapy ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Neoclassical Economics ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Chinese Transition ◽  
Russian Transition

This chapter compares the role of neoclassical economics in trying to socially engineer the shock therapy post-socialist transition in the former Soviet Union with the robust pragmatism and incrementalism of the Chinese transition to a market economy. The Chinese transition was a success and the Russian transition a debacle—in both cases, of historic proportions. The problem lies not only in the lack of accountability of the elite Western advisors and advisory institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, but in the whole orientation of neoclassical economics as the new “scientific” basis for social engineering on a vast scale.

Transmigration und Kapitalismus

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (140) ◽  
pp. 407-422
Author(s):  
Julia Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Different Sources

Based on an ethnographical study the article presents the problems of Soviet migrants with capitalistic every day life. The reaction of the migrants and the role of their imagination of capitalism, which was formed by different sources in the former Soviet Union, is investigated.

The history of formation and development of additives to lubricants

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
E.A. Naghieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Functional Additives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The technological development led to the substitution of vegetable and animal oils for the mineral ones. With further development of engine manufacturing, the requirements to the quality of lubricants increased. It was revealed that the mineral oils, as though they are cleaned, do not satisfy the requirements. In this regard, the new method for the improvement of the quality of lubricants is the addition of organic compounds with various functional groups providing the lubricants with set properties into so-called “additives”. In 1945 on the offer of academician U. Mammadaliev a laboratory of the lubricants and additives had been established and leaded by academician A.M. Kuliev under AzNIINP named after V.V. Kuybyshev. Fundamental studies of this staff were considered a basis for the development of industrial production of efficient additives in the former Soviet Union. First developments of the staff related to the depressor and detergent, afterwards to the multi-functional additives. Based on carried out surveys by the laboratory staff the first local additives – depressors AzNII, AzNII-4, AzNII-5, AzNII-TSIATIM etc. have been developed in Azerbaijan. The success of the staff in the studies and developments, as well as the presence of qualified specialists in the chemistry of additives promoted the establishment of the single in our country profiled Institute for the chemistry of additives of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan SSR under the leadership of A.M. Kuliev in 1965. The diapason of fundamental works, enabling to develop the scientific basis of synthesis of efficient additives of optimum structure has been dramatically increased. Numerous efficient additives of various purpose have been obtained. The lubricants are being used in all spheres of the economy.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review of the Role of Economic Crisis on Health and Healthcare Infrastructure in Three Disparate National Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
David M. Claborn
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Marginalized Populations ◽  
Healthcare Workforce ◽  
National Economies

The collapse of a country’s economy can have significant impacts on the health and healthcare infrastructure of the country. This paper compares the collapse of three national economies from widely separated regions: Venezuela, Zimbabwe, and the countries of the former Soviet Union. Despite significant differences in the environments and cultures of these countries, there are some common variables and outcomes shared by most of the countries including effects on healthcare workforce, disproportionate effects on marginalized populations, and resurgence of certain infectious diseases.

The Struggle over Structural Adjustment

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (S1) ◽  
pp. 253-276
Author(s):  
Johanna Bockman
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
World Bank ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Neoclassical Economics ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Adjustment Policies

In 1980 the World Bank extended its first structural adjustment loans. Scholars and activists have argued that structural adjustment policies, and the neoclassical economics that legitimates them, destroyed Keynesianism, developmentalism, and socialism. In contrast to the view that structural adjustment began as a clear neoliberal project, I argue that the second and third worlds, in fact, demanded structural adjustment, which, in response, the World Bank and International Monetary Fund sought to realize but in a way fundamentally different from what was demanded. In this article, I examine economists’ ideas about structural adjustment across socialist eras—from 1920s Weimar Germany and the Soviet Union to midcentury socialist Yugoslavia and the post-1964 UN Conference on Trade and Development—and explore the origins of what we know today as structural adjustment policies.

Kinship and Crisis: Embedded Economic Pressures and Gender Ideals in Postsocialist International Matchmaking

Slavic Review ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Patico
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transnational Marriage ◽  
Gender Ideals ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
East West

The rise of the international matchmaking industry has been particularly rapid and noticeable in the former Soviet Union, where the end of the Cold War has intersected with daily socioeconomic pressures to make cross-cultural romance and marriage newly possible and newly desirable for some women of Russia, Ukraine, and other post-Soviet states. Less acknowledged than the role of economics in women's decision making, however, is the fact that postsocialist financial strains are not experienced in social vacuums but are mediated by ideals of gender and marriage, such that the search for a foreign spouse is unlikely to be experienced as a simple desire for increased material comfort. Instead, discourses of gender “crisis” in the home country inform the desires for transnational kinship for both women from the former Soviet Union and men from the United States. When both women's and men's narratives of “crisis” (and how transnational marriage might alleviate it) are taken into account, they significantly complicate our understandings of east-west relations of “commodification” and power.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Oil Revenues on the Standard of Living in Oil-Exporting Countries of the Former Soviet Union

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihan Bulut ◽  
Fakhri Hasanov ◽  
Elchin Suleymanov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Speed Of Adjustment ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Oil Revenues ◽  
The Impact

The aim of our study is to examine the impact of the oil revenues on the standard of living in oil-exporting countries of the former Soviet Union and to make policy suggestions based on the obtained findings. It has been explain that resource dependency adjust the structure of these countries' economies, which leads to income inequality compensation changes in different sectors of the economy. Characteristic of resource- rich of post-Soviet oil exporters countries - Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan have been analyzed. It has been demonstrated that dependency on resources modifies the structure of these countries’ economies, which leads to income inequality based on employment via a mechanism of labor compensation changes in different sectors of the economy. We are going to employ co-integration and error correction methods in our empirical analysis. Is there a long-run relationship between the oil revenues and the standard of living in oil-exporting countries of the former Soviet Union; What is the role of dynamics of the oil revenues in the standard of living in the short run; What is the magnitude of speed of adjustment from the short-run fluctuation towards long-run equilibrium of the system; What is the direction of long- and short-run causality in the oil revenues - standard of living relationship.

Russia and Belarus: Economic Linkage in a Patron-Client Relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Randall Newnham
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Near Abroad ◽  
Client Relations

Abstract President Putin has embarked on a program of restoring Russia to world-power status. A key facet of his effort has been to establish a sphere of influence in the ‘Near Abroad,’ the countries of the former Soviet Union. While the world has focused on the dramatic events in Ukraine since 2013, much less attention has been paid to the vital role of Belarus in Putin’s plans. Belarus has long had closer relations with Russia than any other former Soviet state, dating back to the Yeltsin years. This paper will show that Russia has devoted considerable resources to Belarus, showering the country with a variety of economic inducements, including access to the Russian market, subsidized oil and gas, and outright grants and loans. In return, Belarus has tightened its political, economic, and military ties to Moscow. Yet, surprisingly, Belarus also has some bargaining power in this relationship. Its quixotic leader, Alexander Lukashenko, is well aware of his importance to the Kremlin, and uses it to gain even greater economic rewards – thus cementing his own power. This case thus can make an valuable contribution to extending the literature on patron-client relations in International Relations, showing that a client can stand up to its patron in certain circumstances.

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