Crime and Punishment in Emerging Adulthood

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Craig ◽  
Alex R. Piquero
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Rehabilitation Strategies

Emerging adulthood is a time of transition and identity development, largely between late adolescence and into early adulthood. During this period, individuals are navigating their new roles as adulthood ensues and, for some, antisocial behavior is part of this time period. This chapter highlights some of the main findings regarding the age–crime relationship, discusses some of the most central theories for understanding this relationship, and reviews the various punishment and rehabilitation strategies that have been applied to adolescent (and, very recently, emerging adulthood) offending. The authors identify gaps in the knowledge base, and possible avenues for both theoretical and empirical research are suggested.

scholarly journals The different origins of stability and change in antisocial personality disorder symptoms

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ALEXANDRA BURT ◽  
MATT McGUE ◽  
LATANYA A. CARTER ◽  
WILLIAM G. IACONO
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
The Stability

Background. Although adult antisocial personality disorder is generally preceded by a pattern of childhood/adolescent conduct problems, only a subset of those who manifest these developmental precursors go on exhibit significant antisocial behavior in adulthood. To date, however, researchers have yet to resolve the origins of either stability or change in antisocial behavior from childhood/adolescence to adulthood.Method. The present study sought to fill this gap in the literature, making use of a sample of 626 twin pairs from the ongoing Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS). Participants were assessed three times between late adolescence and early adulthood. We made use of biometric Cholesky decomposition and latent growth curve modeling techniques, which allow researchers to disambiguate processes of stability and change and evaluate their respective etiologies (i.e. genetic or environmental).Results. Our results revealed that genetic forces were largely responsible for the stability of adult symptoms of antisocial behavior (AAB) from late adolescence through mid-adulthood, while non-shared environmental influences were primarily responsible for change. Importantly, however, although some of the latter represented systematic and long-lasting influence, much of this non-shared environmental variance appeared transient and idiosyncratic.Conclusions. Such findings highlight the enduring impact of genetic influences on AAB, and offer insights into the nature of non-shared environmental influences on development.

scholarly journals Gender differences in risks for antisocial behavior

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Erin K. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Female Juvenile Offenders

Adolescent girls have always been a relevant presence in the juvenile justice system but have received limited attention from researchers. In response to the dearth of studies on female juvenile offenders, federal study groups and reviewers have called for more research to advance our understanding of the risk factors for antisocial behavior among adolescent girls. To date, however, much of the research on antisocial behavior in adolescent girls has had relatively serious methodological limitations, including relying on correlational or cross-sectional designs and focusing on a limited range of risk factors (e.g., family or school). The current study addressed these limitations by longitudinally examining how risks assessed in early adolescence across multiple domains of youths' social ecology (i.e., individual, family, peer, school, and neighborhood) predicted antisocial behaviors in late adolescence and early adulthood for both females and males. A representative national sample of 1,033 youths and their caregivers completed structured interviews that assessed risk factors in early adolescence, and these risk factors were used to predict subsequent antisocial behaviors. Results of path analyses indicated that peer relationship variables and low levels of academic commitment were most predictive of male antisocial behavior in late adolescence, while physical abuse and age were most predictive of female antisocial behavior in late adolescence. However, most of these same variables no longer predicated antisocial behavior in early adulthood. Overall, the findings suggest that treatments for antisocial behavior should be flexible enough to target the risks that are most salient for male and female youths.

Trajectories of Victimization From Early To Mid-Adolescence

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Sullivan ◽  
Pamela Wilcox ◽  
Graham C. Ousey
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Patterns ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Intraindividual Change ◽  
Criminological Research ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Growing Body

A rapidly growing body of criminological research focuses on longitudinal trajectories of offending, with the aim of exploring stability and change in antisocial behavior. A particularly intriguing debate within this area involves the issue of whether there are multiple classes of offenders defined by distinct longitudinal patterns of offending. Parallel research on criminal victimization, however, is lacking, with few studies exploring potential variation in individual trajectories of victimization. The current analysis uses data from a panel of nearly 4,000 adolescents observed across a 4-year period to address this question. The authors examined whether there are distinct classes of victimization trajectories across this time period. The analysis revealed four groups. Descriptive analyses for key correlates of victimization were then conducted to explore their potential correspondence with those of the observed victimization classes. The findings have implications for theory and empirical research regarding between-individual differences and intraindividual change in victimization.

Identity development in early adulthood.

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1968-1983
Author(s):  
Py Liv Eriksson ◽  
Maria Wängqvist ◽  
Johanna Carlsson ◽  
Ann Frisén
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Early Adulthood

Neurocognitive Consequences of Alcohol, Marijuana, and Nicotine Use in Late Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista L. Medina ◽  
Jenessa Price ◽  
Tim McQueeny ◽  
Claudia Padula ◽  
James Eliassen
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Late Adolescence

Models of Personality Development in Emerging Adulthood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Pratt ◽  
M. Kyle Matsuba
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 2 reviews research and theory on the life story and its development and relations to other aspects of personality. The authors introduce the integrative framework of McAdams and Pals, who described three levels in a broad model of personality: personality traits; personal goals, values, and projects; and the unique life story, which provides a degree of unity and purpose to the individual’s life. This narrative, which develops in late adolescence and emerging adulthood, as individuals become able to author their own stories, includes key scenes of emotional and personal importance to provide a sense of continuity, while remaining flexible and dynamic in incorporating changes in the self over time. The chapter ends with a description of Alison, an emerging adult from our Canadian Futures Study, who illustrates these levels and what they tell about personality development during this period.

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