scholarly journals Markets, Ethics, and Environment

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Limits To Growth ◽  
Environmental Goods ◽  
Biodiversity Offsets ◽  
Emission Rights ◽  
Environmental Limits

Is there a relation between the increasing extension of markets and market norms to previously non-market goods, and the growth of environmental problems? This chapter explores two competing answers: market-endorsing positions that argue that a source of environmental problems lies in the absence of markets in environmental goods and that the extension of markets or market modes of valuation to environmental goods offers the most effective way of protecting them; market-skeptical positions that deny that the extension of markets will protect environmental goods or more strongly that markets and increasing marketization are themselves a source of environmental problems. These positions offer distinct perspectives on market mimicking instruments in environmental policy making, such as cost-benefit analysis, and on the development of new markets, for example in emission rights and biodiversity offsets. The issues raised include questions about value commensurability, justice, epistemic limits to planning and markets, and environmental limits to growth.

scholarly journals Prioritized list of health services in the Islamic Republic of Iran

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 367-371
Author(s):  
B. Larijani ◽  
O. Ameli ◽  
K. Alizadeh ◽  
S. R. Mirsharifi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Government

We aimed to provide a prioritized list of preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and their appropriate classification based on a cost-benefit analysis. Functional benchmarking was used to select a rationing model. Teams of qualified specialists working in community hospitals scored procedures from CPTTM according to their cost and benefit elements. The prioritized list of services model of Oregon, United States of America was selected as the functional benchmark. In contrast to its benchmark, our country’s prioritized list of services is primarily designed to help the government in policy-making with the rationing of health care resources, especially for hospitals

Show Me the Money: Cost-Benefit Analysis in the Work Environment

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Levenstein ◽  
Mary Lee Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Public Policy Making

During the last several decades, Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) has become a widely used technique in public policy-making. This review examines CBA from perspectives of both advocates and critics; it looks at its theory and practice, its purported advantages and shortcomings in application. It also proposes several ways in which the process can be made more accountable.

Economics, Ethics and Environmental Problems

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Söderbaum
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Neoclassical Economics ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Ecological Ethics ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Way

The relevance and usefulness of mainstream or neoclassical economics has been questioned more in some fields of inquiry than in others. Against the background of an attempt to characterize environmental problems, the fruitfulness of conventional ideas of economic analysis, as carried out in practice in the form of cost-benefit analysis, is questioned. Alternative approaches judged to be more compatible with environmental problems are indicated. It is argued that cost-benefit analysis represents a closed ethic or ideology and that approaches which open the way for various possible ethical or ideological standpoints are more promising. Different principles of resource allocation or housekeeping should be considered and the idea of only one “scientifically correct” or “true” principle abandoned. Non-monetary principles of housekeeping, such as specific versions of ecological ethics, are not “less economic” than the now dominant monetary principles.

scholarly journals The Use of Cost-Benefit Analysis in Environmental Policy

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth F. Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Great Care ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Wildlife Ecology ◽  
Benefits And Costs

When analyzing environmental problems, economists consider both the benefits and costs of actions. If benefits exceed costs then economic theory supports that action. For example, if the total benefits of conserving land exceed the costs then cost-benefit analysis would support conservation of the land. However, great care must be taken to accurately identify and quantify benefits and costs to determine whether an action is cost-benefit justified. Stakeholders may have an incentive to overstate costs or benefits, in order to influence decision-making. This 5-page fact sheet was written by Elizabeth F. Pienaar, and published by the UF Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, September 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw383

scholarly journals Positional Analysis: A Multidimensional and Democracy-Oriented Approach to Decision-Making and Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5555
Author(s):  
Peter Söderbaum
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Positional Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Definition Of

Essential principles of democracy are threatened in many parts of the world. In mainstream economics textbooks, reference to democracy is marginal or non-existent. At issue is if economics as a discipline can contribute to strengthen democracy in policy-making and decision situations more generally. In this essay, it is proposed that democracy becomes part of the definition of economics. While mainstream neoclassical cost–benefit analysis (CBA) is criticized as being technocratic, positional analysis (PA) connected with institutional ecological economics is advocated and presented with its essential elements. While a specific ideological orientation with emphasis on markets is built into CBA, PA represents an attempt to identify more than one ideological orientation or narrative as relevant among actors related to an issue. This is part of an attempt to carry out a many-sided analysis. If we wish to make the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) part of analysis, then multidimensional thinking is needed. PA is an attempt to avoid the “monetary reductionism” of CBA in favor of an analysis where monetary and non-monetary impacts (of different kinds) are separated and where, particularly on the non-monetary side, issues of inertia and irreversibility of impacts are observed.

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