scholarly journals Hostility and Increased Risk of Mortality and Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Mediating Role of Behavioral Risk Factors

1997 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Everson ◽  
J. Kauhanen ◽  
G. A. Kaplan ◽  
D. E. Goldberg ◽  
J. Julkunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Role of diuretics on long-term mortality may differ in volume status in patients with acute myocardial infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kawai ◽  
D Nakatani ◽  
T Yamada ◽  
T Watanabe ◽  
T Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Volume Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Abstract Background Diuretics has been reported to have a potential for an activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the sympathetic nervous system, leading to a possibility of poor clinical outcome in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, few data are available on clinical impact of diuretics on long-term outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) based on plasma volume status. Methods To address the issue, a total of 3,416 survived patients with AMI who were registered to a large database of the Osaka Acute Coronary Insufficiency Study (OACIS) were studied. Plasma volume status was assessed with the estimated plasma volume status (ePVS) that was calculated at discharge as follows: actual PV = (1 − hematocrit) × [a + (b × body weight)] (a=1530 in males and a=864 in females, b=41.0 in males and b=47.9 in females); ideal PV = c × body weight (c=39 in males and c=40 in females), and ePVS = [(actual PV − ideal PV)/ideal PV] × 100 (%). Multivariable Cox regression analysis and propensity score matching were performed to account for imbalances in covariates. The endpoint was all-cause of death (ACD) within 5 years. Results During a median follow-up period of 855±656 days, 193 patients had ACD. In whole population, there was no significant difference in long-term mortality risk between patients with and without diuretics in both multivariate cox regression model and propensity score matching population. When patients were divided into 2 groups according to ePVS with a median value of 4.2%, 46 and 147 patients had ACD in groups with low ePVS and high ePVS, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that use of diuretics was independently associated with an increased risk of ACD in low ePVS group, (HR: 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–5.63, p=0.01), but not in high ePVS group (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.44–1.10, p=0.12). These observations were consistent in the propensity-score matched cohorts; the 5-year mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with diuretics than those without among low ePVS group (4.7% vs 1.7%, p=0.041), but not among high ePVS group (8.0% vs 10.3%, p=0.247). Conclusion Prescription of diuretics at discharge was associated with increased risk of 5-year mortality in patients with AMI without PV expansion, but not with PV expansion. The role of diuretics on long-term mortality may differ in plasma volume status. Therefore, prescription of diuretics after AMI may be considered based on plasma volume status. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Corrigendum to “Rising educational gradients in mortality: The role of behavioral risk factors” [J. Health Econ. 30 (6) (2011) 1174–1187]

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
David M. Cutler ◽  
Fabian Lange ◽  
Ellen Meara ◽  
Seth Richards-Shubik ◽  
Christopher J. Ruhm
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Health Econ

scholarly journals Venous Thrombosis: The Role of Genes, Environment, and Behavior

Hematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frits R. Rosendaal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Antithrombin Deficiency ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Environment And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Subsequent Identification

Abstract Over the last decade we have witnessed an avalanche of newly identified risk factors for venous thrombosis. This has advanced our knowledge of its etiology, because more determinants have been described and because the underlying concepts have received a new and broader understanding. Venous thrombosis is a common multicausal disease occurring as the result of interacting genetic, environmental and behavioral risk factors. Some of these have been known since medieval times, such as the increased risk of thrombosis during immobilization in pregnancy and after childbirth (although retained milk of the breast-feeding mother was seen as the primary cause for the latter). Pregnancy and puerperium still cause thrombosis, as do exogenous hormones in oral contraceptives and hormonal replacement therapy. Furthermore, the immobilization in the puerperium of the old days translates directly to situations of immobilization in current times, such as prolonged travel in airplanes or excessive electronic gaming. While pedigrees with abundant thrombosis were observed in the early 1900s, the first cause of heritable thrombophilia (antithrombin deficiency) was discovered in 1965, with the subsequent identification of deficiencies of protein C and protein S in the early 1980s. These were uncommon and strong risk factors, whereas the more recently discovered genetic variants are common and weak, and cause disease only in the presence of other factors.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic, labour market marginalisation and medical characteristics as risk factors for reinfarction and mortality within 1 year after a first acute myocardial infarction: a register-based cohort study of a working age population in Sweden

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e033616
Author(s):  
Mo Wang ◽  
Marjan Vaez ◽  
Thomas Ernst Dorner ◽  
Syed Ghulam Rahman ◽  
Magnus Helgesson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Disability ◽  
First Year ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality

ObjectivesResearch covering a wide range of risk factors related to the prognosis during the first year after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is insufficient. This study aimed to investigate whether sociodemographic, labour market marginalisation and medical characteristics before/at AMI were associated with subsequent reinfarction and all-cause mortality.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.ParticipantsThe cohort included 15 069 individuals aged 25–64 years who had a first AMI during 2008–2010.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcome measures consisted of reinfarction and all-cause mortality within 1 year following an AMI, which were estimated by univariate and multivariable HRs and 95% CIs by Cox regression.ResultsSociodemographic characteristics such as lower education showed a 1.1-fold and 1.3-fold higher risk for reinfarction and mortality, respectively. Older age was associated with a higher risk of mortality while being born in non-European countries showed a lower risk of mortality. Labour market marginalisation such as previous long-term work disability was associated with a twofold higher risk of mortality. Regarding medical characteristics, ST-elevation myocardial infarction was predictive for reinfarction (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.21) and all-cause mortality (HR: 3.80, 95% CI: 3.08 to 4.68). Moreover, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, stroke, cancer and mental disorders were associated with a higher risk of mortality (range of HRs: 1.24–2.59).ConclusionsSociodemographic and medical risk factors were identified as risk factors for mortality and reinfarction after AMI, including older age, immigration status, somatic and mental comorbidities. Previous long-term work disability and infarction type provide useful information for predicting adverse outcomes after AMI during the first year, particularly for mortality.

scholarly journals Rising educational gradients in mortality: The role of behavioral risk factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1174-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Cutler ◽  
Fabian Lange ◽  
Ellen Meara ◽  
Seth Richards-Shubik ◽  
Christopher J. Ruhm
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk

scholarly journals Review of biologic and behavioral risk factors linking depression and peripheral artery disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel L Ramirez ◽  
Laura M Drudi ◽  
S Marlene Grenon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Perioperative Outcomes ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Coagulation Dysfunction

The incidence of depression has been rising rapidly, and depression has been recognized as one of the world’s leading causes of disability. More recently, depression has been associated with an increased risk of symptomatic atherosclerotic disease as well as worse perioperative outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. Additionally, recent studies have demonstrated an association between depression and peripheral artery disease (PAD), which has been estimated to affect more than 200 million people worldwide. These studies have identified that depression is associated with poor functional and surgical outcomes in patients with PAD. Although the directionality and specific mechanisms underlying this association have yet to be clearly defined, several biologic and behavioral risk factors have been identified to play a role in this relationship. These factors include tobacco use, physical inactivity, medical non-adherence, endothelial and coagulation dysfunction, and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic system, and immune system. In this article, we review these potential mechanisms and the current evidence linking depression and PAD, as well as future directions for research and interventional strategies. Understanding and elucidating this relationship may assist in preventing the development of PAD and may improve the care that patients with PAD and comorbid depression receive.

Venous Thrombosis: The Role of Genes, Environment, and Behavior

Hematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frits R. Rosendaal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Antithrombin Deficiency ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Environment And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Subsequent Identification

Over the last decade we have witnessed an avalanche of newly identified risk factors for venous thrombosis. This has advanced our knowledge of its etiology, because more determinants have been described and because the underlying concepts have received a new and broader understanding. Venous thrombosis is a common multicausal disease occurring as the result of interacting genetic, environmental and behavioral risk factors. Some of these have been known since medieval times, such as the increased risk of thrombosis during immobilization in pregnancy and after childbirth (although retained milk of the breast-feeding mother was seen as the primary cause for the latter). Pregnancy and puerperium still cause thrombosis, as do exogenous hormones in oral contraceptives and hormonal replacement therapy. Furthermore, the immobilization in the puerperium of the old days translates directly to situations of immobilization in current times, such as prolonged travel in airplanes or excessive electronic gaming. While pedigrees with abundant thrombosis were observed in the early 1900s, the first cause of heritable thrombophilia (antithrombin deficiency) was discovered in 1965, with the subsequent identification of deficiencies of protein C and protein S in the early 1980s. These were uncommon and strong risk factors, whereas the more recently discovered genetic variants are common and weak, and cause disease only in the presence of other factors.

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