Neutropenia Is a Risk Factor for Gram-negative Bacillus Bacteremia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Patients: Results of a Nested Case-Control Study

Abstract Background The Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (DAD) study has reported an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in people with human immunodeficiency virus who were exposed to darunavir (DRV) but not to atazanavir (ATV). Our objective was to evaluate associations between ATV or DRV exposures and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in a nested case-control study within ANRS-CO4 French Hospital Database on HIV (FHDH). Methods Cases were individuals who had a first validated MI between 2006 and 2012. Up to 5 controls were selected at random with replacement among individuals with no history of MI, followed at the time of MI diagnosis, and matched for age and sex. Conditional logistic regression models were used to adjust for potential confounders (MI risk factors and HIV-related parameters) and for cumulative exposure to each antiretroviral drug (ARV). Results Overall, 408 MI cases and 1250 controls were included: 109 (27%) cases and 288 (23%) controls had been exposed to ATV, and 41 (10%) cases and 107 (9%) controls had been exposed to DRV. There was no significant association between exposure to ATV (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], .87–2.73) or DRV (adjusted OR = 0.51; 95% CI, .11–2.32) and the risk of MI. Conclusions In FHDH, exposures to ATV or to DRV were not significantly associated with the risk of MI, adjusting for complete ARV history, contrary to the analysis in DAD.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of The spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus-associated cancers in a South African black population: results from a case-control study, 1995-2004.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1099457.555725 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

James Goedert

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

South African ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Black Population ◽

Case Control ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

African Black ◽

Control Study

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Hepatitis B virus pre-S deletion mutations are a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: a matched nested case–control study

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.2008/002824-0 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 89 (11) ◽

pp. 2882-2890 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Zhong-Liao Fang ◽

Caroline A. Sabin ◽

Bai-Qing Dong ◽

Shao-Chao Wei ◽

Qin-Yan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Deletion Mutations ◽

B Virus ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

A matched nested case–control study of 33 paired cases and controls was conducted, based on a study cohort in Long An county, Guangxi, China, to determine whether infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) with pre-S deletions is independently associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), without the confounding effects of basal core promoter (BCP) double mutations. The prevalence of pre-S deletions was significantly higher in HCC (45.5 %, 15 of 33) than the controls (18.2 %, 6 of 33) (P<0.01), under the control of the influence of BCP double mutations. Most of the pre-S deletions occurred in, or involved, the 5′ half of the pre-S2 region and the difference between HCC (93.3 %, 14 of 15) and controls (66.7 %, four of six) was significant for this region (P=0.015). There was no significant difference in pre-S deletions between the BCP mutant group and BCP wild-type group (P>0.05), nor was the prevalence of pre-S deletions significantly different between genotypes B and C (P>0.1). These results suggest that pre-S deletions constitute an independent risk factor for HCC and their emergence and effect are independent of BCP mutations. The 5′ terminus of pre-S2 is the favoured site for the deletion mutations, especially in HCC cases. Further prospective studies are required to confirm the role of these mutations in the development of HCC.

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Case‐Control Study of Risk Factors forPenicillium marneffeiInfection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients in Northern Thailand

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/513649 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 1080-1086 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Suwat Chariyalertsak ◽

Thira Sirisanthana ◽

Khuanchai Supparatpinyo ◽

Jutharat Praparattanapan ◽

Kenrad E. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Northern Thailand ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Control Study

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Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.35.5.258 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Jamila Haider ◽

Ghosia Lutfullah ◽

Irshad Ur Rehman ◽

Irfan Khattak

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Male Gender ◽

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

Objectives: The present study aims to identify the risk factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1(HIV-1) infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) population by comparing HIV-antibody positive cases with HIV-antibody-negative controls. Methods: The study was designed at the Family Care Centre (FCC), Hayatabad Medical Centre (HMC) Peshawar from February 2015 to December 2016. A total of 280 individuals were selected randomly for the study as cases and control. Data was collected on a structured questionnaire with informed oral consent. The collected data was analysed statistically using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 280 individuals, 56% were males, 44% were females, and 53.21% belonged to the urban areas. The literacy rate was 48.6%, and 75.4% were married. The statistical analysis of risk factors revealed the following factors as of significance value (p < 0.05). Family history of HIV (OR = 9.46), spouse status of HIV (OR=22.22), injection drug users (IDUs), migrants (OR=2.234), use of therapeutic injections (OR= 2.791), employment (OR=2.545), male gender (OR=2.35), tattooing (OR=7.667) and history of blood transfusion (OR= 2.69). Conclusion: The present study revealed spouse status of HIV, tattooing, migrants, IDUs, use of therapeutic injections, history of blood transfusion, male gender and employment as significant risk factors for HIV infection in the population of KP. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.258 How to cite this:Haider J, Lutfullah G, Irshad ur Rehman, Khattak I. Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.258 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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