Monkey Pepsinogens and Pepsins. VII. Analysis of the Activation Process and Determination of the NH2-Terminal 60-Residue Sequence of Japanese Monkey Progastricsin, and Molecular Evolution of Pepsinogens1

1985 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1235-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi KAGEYAMA ◽  
Kenji TAKAHASHI
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Japanese Monkey ◽  
Activation Process

scholarly journals Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Thermal Degradation of Different Starches and Estimation the OH Group and H2O Content on the Surface by TG/DTG-DTA

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marita Pigłowska ◽  
Beata Kurc ◽  
Łukasz Rymaniak ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Paweł Fuć
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Kinetic Method ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Kinetic And Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Rate Form ◽  
Low Shear Stress ◽  
Kinetics Of

The main aim of this study is to estimate the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of thermal decomposition of starches by the Coats–Redfern method. This procedure is a commonly used thermogravimetric analysis/difference thermal gravimetry/differental thermal analysis (TG/DTG-DTA) kinetic method for single rate form. The study also shows a proposed method for reactive hydroxyl groups content on the starch surface determination, and values were in range of 960.21–1078.76 mg OH per 1 g of starch. Thermal processing revealed the thermophysical properties of biomass for the kinetics of decomposition estimation. Activation energies reached the values in range of approximately 66.5–167 kJ·mol−1. This research also enables the determination of the temperature conditions required for becoming the desired form of material. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve the requested compact porous structure in an activation process, because in the native state, the polymer exhibits limited applications as a result of thermal decomposition, low shear stress, retrogradation, and syneresis, hence the low solubility in organic solvents. Thermodynamic parameters and reactive hydroxyl groups in this article review are innovative and have not yet been found in the literature.

Analysis of the activation process of porcine procarboxypeptidase B and determination of the sequence of its activation segment

Biochemistry ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (16) ◽  
pp. 4082-4089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Burgos ◽  
Miquel Salva ◽  
Virtudes Villegas ◽  
Fernando Soriano ◽  
Enrique Mendez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Process ◽  
Activation Segment

Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) with alveolar echinococcosis after treatment with albendazole for 10 years: serodiagnosis and determination of albendazole metabolites

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiaki Yamano ◽  
Akio Kanetoshi ◽  
Akiko Goto ◽  
Miori Kishimoto ◽  
Nobuyuki Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Fuscata ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Japanese Monkey

scholarly journals Simian Foamy Viruses in Central and South America: A New World of Discovery

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
André F. Santos ◽  
Liliane T. F. Cavalcante ◽  
Cláudia P. Muniz ◽  
William M. Switzer ◽  
Marcelo A. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
New World ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Buccal Swab ◽  
Neotropical Primates ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Foamy Viruses

Foamy viruses (FVs) are the only exogenous retrovirus to date known to infect neotropical primates (NPs). In the last decade, an increasing number of strains have been completely or partially sequenced, and molecular evolution analyses have identified an ancient co-speciation with their hosts. In this review, the improvement of diagnostic techniques that allowed the determination of a more accurate prevalence of simian FVs (SFVs) in captive and free-living NPs is discussed. Determination of DNA viral load in American primates indicates that oral tissues are the viral replicative site and that buccal swab collection can be an alternative to diagnose SFV infection in NPs. Finally, the transmission potential of NP SFVs to primate workers in zoos and primate centers of the Americas is examined.

scholarly journals Transformation Rule-Based Molecular Evolution for Automatic Gasoline Molecule Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangqing Cai ◽  
zhefu Liu ◽  
Linzhou Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Chemical Space ◽  
Transformation Rule ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Initial Structure ◽  
Aviation Gasoline ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Molecule Design

Automatic molecular design on computers is an emerging technology for the determination of optimal fuel molecules. We developed a computer-aided molecular design framework through a transformation rule-based molecular evolution method. The reaction rule was used as the elementary step to change the molecular structure. A molecule can achieve structural variation continuously using a series of reaction rules. The finding of the optimal molecule can be seen as the evolution of structure in the chemical space, which was guided by using a global optimization algorithm to select the best reaction routine. We showed that the optimized molecule is independent of the input initial structure, proving the robustness of the method. We then applied the method to design gasoline molecules for motor and aviation gasoline. The designed molecules can not only serve as competitive candidate components for high-quality gasoline, but also accelerate the synthesis rate of new molecules in the laboratory.

scholarly journals The role of epithelial cells in atopy pathogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
A. N. Kazimirsky ◽  
J. M. Salmasi ◽  
G. V. Poryadin ◽  
O. A. Svitich ◽  
B. G. Bragvadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Atopic Diseases

Aim. The study of the mechanisms of atopic disease formation and a model of immunopathogenesis of the atopic diseases.Methods. Determination of surface lymphocytes receptors in peripheral blood of atopic bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis patients with the help of monoclonal antibodies using the indirect immunofluorescence method. Expression of genes encoding TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 receptors of airborne epithelial cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction, as well as determination of cytokine TSLP, IL-33, IL-4 and TGFβ (eBioscience) in airway flushes in atopic asthma patients and healthy people.Results. During the exacerbation of atopic diseases in peripheral blood lymphocytes, an intensive activation process develops with impaired lymphocytes activating apoptosis aimed at the formation of plasma cells capable of developing intensive IgE synthesis. To search for signals that could explain the mechanism of rearrangement of the B-cell part of the immune system during atopy, the epithelium cells of the airways were examined in a group of patients with atopic asthma and found an increase in gene expression coding for TLR2, TLR4, TLR9 in 6, 3 and 2.5 times respectively. Along with increased expression of TLRs genes in patients with bronchial asthma, an increased content of TSLP and IL-33 cytokines secreted by epithelial cells of the airways was detected. These cytokines have an immunoregulatory action - their nearby antigen presenting functions format the Th2 type of immune response, promote the production of cytokines (IL-4, IL-9, IL-13) and cause the development of an allergic type of inflammation.Conclusion. We suppose that the main link in pathogenesis is a disruption of the interaction of TLRs with the corresponding ligands caused by spontaneous dimerization of TLRs under the malonic dialdehyde influence. The intake of slowly metabolized dimers of TLRs into epithelial cells is a signal for genome activation, which leads to the synthesis of allergic cytokines IL-33 and TSLP. Thus, the main immunopathogenesis pathway of atopic diseases is the pathological functional interaction between epithelial cells and peripheral blood B-lymphocytes.

scholarly journals Determination of optimal parameters of vibrо-activation of hydrated lime

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
A.I. Zahrai ◽  
◽  
Z.I. Borovets' ◽  
I.V. Lutsyuk ◽  
Yа.M. Novitskyi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Cement Stone ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Degree Of Dispersion ◽  
Lime Water

The method of mechanical activation of hydrated lime in a vibrating activator of bunker type was offered in this work. The influence of design features and angle of fixing of vibrating blades on the speed and degree of dispersion of hydrated lime was investigated by measuring the change in the logarithmic decrement of mass attenuation during vibro-activation. The effect of the duration of the vibro-activation process on the dispersion in the system "hydrated lime–water" was studied. The efficiency of lime dispersion was shown in the case of mounting the blades at the angle of 860 for 40–60 minutes. Comparative studies of the strength of cement stone showed that the addition of vibro-activated hydrated lime in an amount of 2 wt.% leads to an increase in the strength of lime-cement compositions.

scholarly journals LGI1, CASPR2 and related antibodies: a molecular evolution of the phenotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 526-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie N M Binks ◽  
Christopher J Klein ◽  
Patrick Waters ◽  
Sean J Pittock ◽  
Sarosh R Irani
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Advances ◽  
Antigenic Targets ◽  
Antibody Determination

Recent biochemical observations have helped redefine antigenic components within the voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex. The related autoantibodies may be now divided into likely pathogenic entities, which target the extracellular domains of leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) and contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2), and species that target intracellular neuronal components and are likely non-pathogenic. This distinction has enhanced clinical practice as direct determination of LGI1 and CASPR2 antibodies offers optimal sensitivity and specificity. In this review, we describe and compare the clinical features associated with pathogenic LGI1 and CASPR2 antibodies, illustrate emerging laboratory techniques for antibody determination and describe the immunological mechanisms that may mediate antibody-induced pathology. We highlight marked clinical overlaps between patients with either LGI1 or CASPR2 antibodies that include frequent focal seizures, prominent amnesia, dysautonomia, neuromyotonia and neuropathic pain. Although occurring at differing rates, these commonalities are striking and only faciobrachial dystonic seizures reliably differentiate these two conditions. Furthermore, the coexistence of both LGI1 and CASPR2 antibodies in an individual occurs surprisingly frequently. Patients with either antibody respond well to immunotherapies, although systematic studies are required to determine the magnitude of the effect beyond placebo. Finally, data have suggested that CASPR2 and LGI1 modulation via genetic or autoimmune mechanisms may share common intermediate molecules. Taken together, the biochemical distinction of antigenic targets has led to important clinical advances for patient care. However, the striking syndrome similarities, coexistence of two otherwise rare antibodies and molecular insights suggest the VGKC complex may yet be a common functional effector of antibody action. Hence, we argue for a molecular evolution alongside a clinical and phenotypic re-evaluation.

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