scholarly journals Reaching every district (RED) approach to strengthen routine immunization services: evaluation in the African region, 2005

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ryman ◽  
R. Macauley ◽  
D. Nshimirimana ◽  
P. Taylor ◽  
L. Shimp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routine Immunization ◽  
African Region ◽  
Immunization Services ◽  
Services Evaluation

scholarly journals The operational impact of deploying SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in countries of the WHO African Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin R. Ortiz ◽  
Joanie Robertson ◽  
Jui-Shan Hsu ◽  
Stephen L. Yu ◽  
Amanda J. Driscoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
National Level ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
African Region ◽  
Immunization Services ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhen available, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will be deployed to countries with limited immunization systems.MethodsWe conducted an immunization capacity assessment of a simulated WHO African Region country using region-specific data on immunization, population, healthcare workers (HCWs), vaccine cold storage capacity (quartile values for national and subnational levels), and characteristics of influenza vaccines to represent future SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. We calculated monthly increases in vaccine doses, doses per vaccinator, and cold storage volumes for four-month SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns targeting risk groups compared to routine immunization baselines.FindingsAdministering SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to risk groups would increase total monthly doses by 27.0% for ≥65 years, 91.7% for chronic diseases patients, and 1.1% for HCWs. Assuming median nurse density estimates adjusted for absenteeism and proportion providing immunization services, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns would increase total monthly doses per vaccinator by 29.3% for ≥65 years, 99.6% for chronic diseases patients, and 1.2% for HCWs. When we applied quartiles of actual African Region country vaccine storage capacity, routine immunization vaccine volumes exceeded national-level storage capacity for at least 75% of countries, but subnational levels had sufficient storage capacity for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for at least 75% of countries.InterpretationIn the WHO African Region, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns would substantially increase doses per vaccinator and cold chain capacity requirements over routine immunization baselines. Pandemic vaccination campaigns would add volume to national-level stores already at their limits, but sufficient capacity exists at subnational levels. Immediate attention to strengthening immunization systems is essential to support pandemic responses.FundingNone

scholarly journals Routine immunization services in the light of COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2867
Author(s):  
Chinnu Sara Varughese ◽  
Anuradha Kunal Shah
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Immunization Services ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Delivery Strategies ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

World immunisation week is observed every year in the last week of 24th April to 30th April. Many parts of the world are still reeling under the threats of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) and the importance of vaccination cannot be understated even in times of any other crisis. Worldwide, millions of children are saved from the grip of infectious diseases like polio and measles, and annually, around 2 to 3 million deaths are being averted. Routine immunization services, mass vaccination campaigns, catch up, and mop up sessions through outreach activities form part of the vaccine delivery strategies.

scholarly journals Supplementary polio immunization activities and prior use of routine immunization services in non-polio-endemic sub-Saharan Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Helleringer ◽  
Jemima A Frimpong ◽  
Jalaa Abdelwahab ◽  
Patrick Asuming ◽  
Hamadassalia Touré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Prior Use ◽  
Immunization Services ◽  
Polio Immunization ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Efforts to Reach More Children with Effective Vaccines Through Routine Immunization in The WHO African Region: 2013-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (SI1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Blanche Anya ◽  
Joseph Okeibunor ◽  
Richard Mihigo ◽  
Alain Poy ◽  
Felicitas Zawaira
Keyword(s):  
Routine Immunization ◽  
African Region

scholarly journals Efforts Towards Polio Eradication in Madagascar: 1997 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol Special Issue (2) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Marcellin Mengouo Nimpa ◽  
Noëline Ravelomanana Razafiarivao ◽  
Annick Robinson ◽  
Mamy Randriatsarafara Fidiniaina ◽  
Richter Razafindratsimandresy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
African Region ◽  
Wild Poliovirus ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Free Status

Background: In 1988, the World Health Assembly launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. WHO AFRO is close to achieve this goal with the last wild poliovirus detected in 2014 in Borno States in Nigeria. The certification of the WHO African Region requires that all the 47 member states meet the critical indicators for a polio free status. Madagascar started implementing polio eradication activities in 1996 and was declared polio free in June 2018 in Abuja. This study describes the progress achieved towards polio eradication activities in Madagascar from 1977- 2017 and highlights the remaining challenges to be addressed. Methods: Data were collected from the national routine immunization services, Country Acute Flaccid surveillance databases and national reports of SIAS and Mop Up campaign. Country complete polio and immunization related documentation provided detailed historical information’s. Results: From 1997 to 2017, Madagascar reported one wild poliovirus (WPV) outbreak and four circulating Vaccine Derived Polio Virus (cVDPV) oubreaks with a total of 21 polioviruses (1 WPV and 21 cVDPV). The last WPV and cVDPV were notified in 1997 in Antananarivo and 2015 in Sakaraha health districts respectively. Madagascar met the main polio surveillance indicators over the last ten years and made significant progress following the last cVDPV2 outbreak in 2014 -2015. In addition, the country successfully implemented the switch from trivalent Oral Polio Vaccine (tOPV) to bivalent Oral Polio vaccine (bOPV) and containment activities. Environmental Surveillance established since 2015 did not reveal any poliovirus. The administrative coverage of the 3rd dose of oral polio vaccine (OPV3) varied across the years from 55% in 1991 to a maximum of 95% in 2007 before a progressive decrease to 86% in 2017. The percentage of AFP cases with more than 3 doses of oral polio vaccines increased from 56% in 2014 to 88% in 2017. A total of 19 supplementary immunization activities (SIA) were conducted in Madagascar from 1997 to 2017, among which 3 were subnational immunization days (sNID) and 16 were national immunization days (NIDs). Poor routine coverage contributed to the occurrence of cVDPC outbreaks in the country; addressing this should remain a key priority for the country to maintain the polio free status. From 2015 to June 2017, Madagascar achieved the required criteria leading to the acceptance of the country’s polio-free documentation in June 2018 by ARCC. However, continuous efforts will be needed to maintain a highly sensitive polio surveillance system with emphasis on security compromised areas. Finally strengthening the health system and governance at all levels will be necessary if these achievements are to be sustained. Conclusions: High national political commitment and support of the Global Polio Eradication Partnership were critical for Madagascar to achieve polio free status. Socio-political instability, weakness of the health system, sub-optimal routine immunization performance, insufficient SIA quality and existing security compromised areas remain critical program challenges to address in order to maintaining the polio free status. Continuous high-level advocacy should be kept in order to ensure that new government authorities maintain polio eradication among the top priorities of the country.

scholarly journals Assessing the capacity of primary health care centres to provide routine immunization services amidst COVID-19 lockdown in Kaduna state, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3731
Author(s):  
Auwal G. Suleiman ◽  
Abdulhakeem A. Olorukooba ◽  
Zaharadeen S. Babandi ◽  
Shehu S. Umar ◽  
Umar M. Umar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Readiness Assessment ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunization Services

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt health systems across the globe, preventing access to essential health services. Lockdown measures against the virus may impact negatively on immunization services. This study aimed to ascertain the capacity of primary health care centres in Kaduna North senatorial district to provide routine immunization services amidst a state-wide lockdown.Methods: Cluster sampling was used to select four among eight local Government areas in the district. Facility in-charges and RI focal persons were interviewed using service availability and readiness assessment tool, restricted to immunization tracer items. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the mean number of vaccine doses given in the first quarter of 2020 (pre-lockdown) and the number of doses given in the second quarter (lockdown period).Results: Forty four PHCs were selected from Zaria (29.6%), Sabon Gari (25.0%), Makarfi (22.7%) and Kudan (22.7%). In addition to well-trained RI focal persons, most facilities had vaccines and commodities available. Shortages were noted for EPI guidelines (46%), Meningitis-A vaccine (36%) and certain cold chain equipment (up to 18%). Tetanus-diphtheria (Td-1) doses given during lockdown period were significantly lower than pre-lockdown doses (Mean difference=-45.58, 95% CI: -74.78 to -16.38, d=0.48). No significant difference exists for infant doses.Conclusions: Despite widespread availability of PHC facilities, trained personnel, vaccines and commodities, gaps still exist in service delivery, cold chain practices and vaccine supply management. Lockdown measures significantly disrupted immunization services and effective risk communication was key to achieving sustained utilization.

Impact on Routine Immunization Services During the Lockdown Period in India: Implications and Future Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishantadeb Ghatak ◽  
Roy Rillera Marzo ◽  
Sheikh Mohd Saleem ◽  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Sudip Bhattacharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Immunization Services

scholarly journals A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 233339281878958
Author(s):  
Shafique Sani Nass
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Immunization Services

Background: Tetanus–diphtheria vaccine (Td+) coverage has been steadily declining in Katsina State, Nigeria. The pilot study was guided by The Andersen and Newman Framework of Health Services Utilization. The goal of the pilot study was to identify the Td+ vaccination coverage and identify any association between maternal residence, educational status, occupational status, access to routine immunization services, availability of routine immunization services, perceived need for Td+, perceived severity of maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT), and compliance with Td+ in Katsina State. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 309 randomly selected women in Charanchi district of Katsina State, Nigeria, was conducted. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using logistic regression model. Findings: The Td+ coverage was low at 23%. Bivariate analysis showed that age, maternal residence, educational status, availability of Td+, perception of Td+, and perception of MNT significantly affected compliance with Td+ ( P < .05, P < .05, P < .05, P < .001, P < .001, P < .001, respectively). Multiple logistic regression findings were inconclusive. Conclusion: Effective strategies to improve compliance were awareness creation on Td+ immunization schedule, risk factors associated with MNT, vaccine availability, and safety. Additionally, improving access to routine immunization services, especially in underserved communities, and effective use of Td+ coverage data were used as strategies. Implications: The pilot study suggests that the design can be used to realize more conclusive and generalizable multivariate findings in future studies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document