Effect of Axial Length on Full-Field and Multifocal Electroretinogram

Abstract Background The Electroretinogram is a mass potential, which reflects the summed electrical activity of the retina. Full-field ERG measures the electrical signals from the whole retina in response to a light stimulus. The weakness of the full-field ERG is that it cannot provide topographical information regarding the functional integrity of the retina and cannot detect subtle functional defects. The response is dominated by the peripheral retina due to its predominance of retinal cells. Aim of the Work to investigate the effect of axial length on fullfield (ffERG)and multifocal ERG (mfERG). Subjects and Methods Forty-four eyes of 44 healthy subjects were included in this case series study which has been conducted at Ain shams university hospitals after the approval of the research ethical committee in the faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University between July 2018 and September 2019. Full ophthalmologic examination was performed for all participants, including visual acuity assessment (Best corrected visual acuity) using Snellen chart, calculation of spherical equivalent (SE), slit Lamp biomicroscopy examination with IOP measurement via Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), and fundus examination by indirect ophthalmoscope or via 90 D VOLK lens to assess macular area. Axial length measurement, ffERG & mf-ERG. Results; We found that in the absence of fundus changes, mfERG parameters showed decreased amplitudes with increase in axial length. The Six- Rings Response Densities showed negative correlation with AL while there is no significant correlation between Six- Rings Response Densities and SE. The Six- Rings P1 Amplitude showed negative correlation with AL while there is no significant correlation between P1 Amplitude and SE. The Six- Rings N1 Amplitude showed negative correlation with AL while there is no significant correlation between P1 Amplitude and SE. The four- quadrant Response Densities showed negative correlation with AL while there is no significant correlation between four- quadrant Response Densities and SE. The four- quadrant P1 Amplitude showed negative correlation with AL while there is no significant correlation between P1 Amplitude and SE. The four- quadrant N1 Amplitude showed negative correlation with AL while there is no significant correlation between P1 Amplitude and SE. There is no significant correlation between full-field clinical ERG parameters and both AL and SE. Conclusion In the absence of fundus changes, mfERG parameters showed decreased amplitudes with increase in axial length. For correct interpretation of ERG responses in clinical practice, we recommend consideration of axial length measurement when evaluating mfERG responses.

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Aphakia Correction by Injection of Foldable Intra Ocular Lens in the Anterior Chamber

Ophthalmology and Eye Diseases ◽

10.4137/oed.s12672 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. OED.S12672

Author(s):

Kagmeni Giles ◽

Moukouri Ernest ◽

Domngang Christelle ◽

Nguefack-Tsague Georges ◽

Cheuteu Raoul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Anterior Chamber ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Case Series ◽

University Teaching ◽

Case Series Study ◽

The Mean ◽

The University

We assessed the outcomes of the use of anterior chamber foldable lens for unilateral aphakia correction at the University Teaching Hospital of Yaounde. In this retrospective, non-comparative, consecutive case series study, we reviewed the records of patients who underwent an operation for aphakia correction by the means of injection of an angular supported foldable lens between January 2009 and December 2011 in the University Teaching Hospital Yaounde. Student's paired t-test was carried out to compare preoperative and postoperative visual acuity (VA) and intraocular pressure (TOP). P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Twenty-one patients were included in the study; twelve were male (57.1%) and nine were female (42.9%). The mean age was 55.38 ± 17.67 years (range 9–75 years). The mean follow-up duration was 5.95 ± 3.14 months (range 2–12 months). The mean logMAR visual acuity was 1.26 ± 0.46 pre-operatively and 0.78 ± 0.57 post-operatively ( P = 0.003). The change in intraocular pressure was not statistically significant. Complications included intraocular hypertension (over 21 mmHg) in 3 patients (14.3%) and macular edema, pupillar ovalization, and retinal detachment in one patient each. The results indicate that injection of an angular support foldable lens in the anterior chamber is a useful technique for the correction of aphakia in eyes without capsular support. More extended follow-up, however, and a larger series of patients are needed to ascertain the effectiveness and safety of this procedure.

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Visual Quality Assessment of Posterior Capsule Opacification Using Optical Quality Analysis System (OQAS)

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2017/9852195 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hui Zhang ◽

Jing Wang

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Quality Assessment ◽

Case Series ◽

Optical Quality ◽

Posterior Capsule Opacification ◽

Assessment System ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Posterior Capsule ◽

Case Series Study ◽

Visual Disturbances

Objective. To evaluate intraocular scattering in eyes with posterior capsule opacification by means of an objective scatter index (OSI) obtained from double-pass images of optical quality assessment system (OQAS TM II) and to determine the indication for laser capsulotomy when patients report visual disturbances without decreased visual acuity. Methods. In this prospective, observational, and nonconsecutive case series study, a total of 32 eyes of 29 patients are diagnosed with posterior capsule opacification after age-associated cataract were analyzed. Patient examination included age, the period after cataract surgery, logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and OSI. Results. We found a significant decrease in the BCVA and increase in the OSI with the development of posterior capsule opacification. The decrease of BCVA was statistically correlated with the increase of OSI (r=0.812, P<0.01). In patients who reported visual disturbances without decreased visual acuity, OSI decreased to <1.3 and subjective symptoms were resolved in all cases although there was no significant improvement in visual acuity after laser capsulotomy. Conclusions. The results of our study showed that OSI is also a useful parameter for objectively evaluating posterior capsule opacification. OSI may help predict laser capsulotomy in patients who report visual disturbances without decreased visual acuity.

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Frequency of Complications Following Cataract Surgery in Diabetic Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital

Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science ◽

10.37762/jgmds.9-1.157 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 75-81

Author(s):

Muhammad Bilal ◽

Shafqat Ali Shah ◽

Marina Murad ◽

Saad Ali ◽

Ammad Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Cataract Surgery ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Case Series ◽

Female Gender ◽

Posterior Capsule Opacification ◽

Posterior Capsule ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Case Series Study

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of complications following cataract surgery in diabetic patients admitted in the ophthalmology unit. METHODOLOGY: A prospective descriptive interventional case series study was conducted after approval of the ethical committee, from June 2017-June 2020 at the Ophthalmology department MTI-MMC. A total of 129 patients from either gender were enrolled in study. All the study patients went through detailed history and complete ocular examination. After necessary investigations, surgical procedure was carried out. Results were analyzed through the SPSS-24 version. RESULTS: Out of the total 129 eyes of the diabetic patients, fifty-nine (45.7%) were males and seventy (54.3%) were females with a ratio of 1:1.2. Uveitis leads the chart in complications found in twenty (15.50%) eyes while PODR being the least common found in only ten (7.75%) eyes. Worse visual acuity was observed in fourteen (10.85%) eyes. Striate keratopathy and posterior capsule opacification were found in sixteen (12.40%) and fifteen (11.62%) eyes respectively. Among the patients, 15.7% were having more than one complication during follow-up visits and eighty-eight (68.2%) eyes were found to have none complication. The age group 51-60 years observed frequent complications as compared to other groups. Similarly female gender (38.57%) has frequent complications as compared to males (2.7%). CONCLUSION: The study concludes Uveitis as the most common complication observed in 15.50% 0f the eyes while worse visual acuity (10.85%) and progression of diabetic retinopathy (7.75%) being the least common. Striate keratopathy was found in 12.40% while posterior capsule opacification in 11.62% of the eyes.

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Anatomical and Visual Effects of Implantable Phakic Contact Lens on Correction of Myopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1245764/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Mahmoud Ekram ◽

Ahmed Mohamed Kamal Elshafei ◽

Asmaa Anwar Mohamed ◽

Mohamed Farouk Sayed Othman Abdelkader

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Anterior Chamber ◽

Contact Lens ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Case Series ◽

Care Group ◽

Case Series Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the anatomical effects of implantable phakic contact lens (IPCL) (Care Group, India) on anterior segment and its visual outcomes .Patients and methods: In a prospective interventional case series study, 60 highly myopic eyes of 32 patients were subjected to IPCL implantation in the Ophthalmology Department of Minia University Hospital, Egypt from January 2019 to June 2021. All patients had complete ophthalmic examination and were followed up for 1 year. Pentacam was used for preoperative and postoperative estimation of anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), anterior chamber volume (ACV) and IPCL vault in the 1st, 3rd, and 12th months. Assessment of corneal endothelium was done using specular microscope preoperatively and after 12 months. Preoperative and postoperative refraction and visual acuity were measured. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in ACD, ACA, and ACV. There was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative mean intraocular pressure (IOP) by the 12th month (P=0.163). The mean preoperative endothelial cell count (ECD) was significantly reduced from 2929.3±248 cells/mm2 to 2737.9±303 cells/mm2 at the 12th month (P<0.001). with a statistically highly significant improvement of mean Log Mar uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) from 1.48±0.19 preoperatively to 0.46±0.11 by the end of follow up (P<0.001) with insignificant difference between preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and postoperative UCVA (P=0.209). In the 12th month, the mean vault was 240±540 μm. No sight threatening complications occurred.Conclusion: Although IPCL induced anatomical changes, it was safe and effective for correction of high myopia.

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Combined Corneal Cross-Linking and Myoring Implantation in Advanced Keratoconus: Femtosecond Laser versus Manual Dissection

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2021/6673842 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Ahmed Ibrahim Basiony ◽

Moataz Fayez ElSawy ◽

Mahmoud Mohamed Ismail ◽

Mohamed Samy Abd ElAziz ◽

Mahmoud Tawfik KhalafAllah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Case Series ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Case Series Study ◽

Corrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽

Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽

Manual Group ◽

Red Flag ◽

Dissection Techniques

Background. Intrastromal corneal ring segments are widely adopted for keratoconus management. However, the complete ring (Myoring) was proposed to be superior in advanced cases. Myoring can be implanted either via femtoassisted or manual dissection techniques. A comparison between both techniques can delineate any differences in the outcomes. Methods. This was a prospective interventional case series study. Sixty-four eyes with progressive advanced keratoconus were enrolled: 36 and 28 had femtoassisted or manual Myoring, respectively. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), maximal keratometry (Kmax), spherical equivalent (SE) and corneal thinnest location were measured in all eyes preoperatively and at one, six, and 12 months postoperatively. Epi-off corneal cross-linking (CXL) was performed eight weeks after Myoring implantation for all cases. Results. Femtoassisted Myoring dissection significantly improved UCVA and CDVA from 0.1 ± 0.06 and 0.18 ± 0.1 preoperatively to 0.29 ± 0.08 and 0.43 ± 0.1 at 12 months. Also, manual technique similarly enhanced UCVA and CDVA from 0.11 ± 0.05 and 0.2 ± 0.1 preoperatively to 0.27 ± 0.2 and 0.4 ± 0.2 at 12 months. In terms of safety, while no cases of ring extrusion were encountered with the femtoassisted technique, six (21.4%) cases of extrusion were encountered in the manual group. Conclusion. Femtoassisted or manual Myoring technique followed by CXL is an effective choice for advanced progressive keratoconus. Although it did not reach a statistical significance, the high extrusion rate with manual dissection is a red flag to be considered.

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Clinical outcomes with a diffractive trifocal intraocular lens

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672118762231 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 419-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jorge L Alió ◽

Ana B Plaza-Puche ◽

Jorge L Alió del Barrio ◽

Pedro Amat-Peral ◽

Vicente Ortuño ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Intraocular Lens ◽

Case Series ◽

Optical Quality ◽

Near Vision ◽

Case Series Study ◽

Defocus Curve ◽

Near Visual Acuity

Purpose: To evaluate clinical and visual outcomes, quality of near vision, and intraocular optical quality of patients bilaterally implanted with a trifocal PanOptix intraocular lens. Methods: In this prospective consecutive case-series study, 52 eyes of 26 bilateral patients (mean age, 60.2 ± 7.4 years) were implanted with the AcrySof IQ Panoptix intraocular lens. Visual acuity, defocus curve, contrast sensitivity (Pelli-Robson test), near activity visual questionnaire, and internal aberrations with Osiris were evaluated. A prototype light-distortion analyzer was used to quantify the postoperative light-distortion indices. The follow-up was 6 months after surgery. Results: Uncorrected, corrected distance, and uncorrected near visual acuities improved with the surgery (p ≤ 0.02). Distance corrected near visual acuity was 0.13 ± 0.10, 0.13 ± 0.13, and 0.13 ± 0.08 at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery, respectively (p = 0.82). Distance corrected intermediate visual acuities were 0.09 ± 0.13, 0.13 ± 0.15, and 0.12 ± 0.12 at 1, 3, and 6 months, postoperatively. Binocular contrast sensitivity was 1.86 ± 0.15 Log Units. Defocus curve provided a visual acuity equal or better to 0.30 LogMAR between defocus levels of +0.50 to −3.00 D. The near activity visual questionnaire scores improved significantly with the surgery (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The AcrySof IQ Panoptix intraocular lens is able to restore visual function with an acceptable intermediate and near vision after cataract surgery with good contrast sensitivity and an improvement in the near activity visual questionnaire.

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SMILE After DALK to Reduce Residual Refraction: Two-Year Results

10.21203/rs.3.rs-900071/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hassan Hashemi ◽

Mohammadreza Aghamirsalim ◽

Saied Shahhoseini ◽

Alireza Moghaddasi ◽

Soheila Asgari

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Spherical Aberration ◽

Case Series ◽

Lamellar Keratoplasty ◽

Distance Visual Acuity ◽

Case Series Study ◽

History Of ◽

Deep Lamellar Keratoplasty ◽

Induced Astigmatism ◽

Axis Rotation

Abstract PurposeTo determine the two-year results of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for correcting post-keratoplasty myopia and myopic astigmatism.MethodsIn this case-series study, 10 eyes of 10 patients with a 6-10-year history of successful deep lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) underwent SMILE using VisuMax laser platform. Ophthalmologic examinations and visual acuity and refraction measurement were done pre- and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Pentacam and Sirius imaging was done in the first and last follow-up session.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 39.60±7.86 years. Six subjects were male. After two years, uncorrected distance visual acuity did not change in one eye and improved 1-6 lines in other eyes. Corrected distance visual acuity decreased in one eye, did not change in four eyes, and improved 1-8 lines in other eyes. The mean decrease of spherical equivalent, spherical error, and cylinder power was 1.92±1.96 diopter (D) (P=0.013), 0.70±3.05D (P=0.213), and 2.42±2.91D (P=0.024), respectively. The vector mean target induced astigmatism, surgical induced astigmatism, and difference vector was 1.30D@44˚, 1.11D@24˚, and 0.86D@73˚, respectively. Two years after surgery, vertical coma, horizontal coma, and spherical aberration increased by 0.44±0.51, 0.23±0.32, and 0.02±0.16µm respectively (all P>0.05) while trefoil reduced by 0.29±0.75µm (P=0.428).ConclusionSMILE is a successful procedure for reducing refraction and astigmatism after DALK in patients with moderate myopia and moderate to severe astigmatism and improves the visual acuity in these patients. Axis rotation during surgery may result in under-correction of astigmatism. Refinement of SMILE treatment nomogram for post-DALK cases seems necessary.

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Safety and effectiveness of intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation at Al-Dharan Eye Specialist Hospital, Al-Dharan, Saudi Arabia

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20191265 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 1295

Author(s):

Abdulaziz Alaqsam ◽

Mohanna AL-Jindan ◽

Ammar Almahmod ◽

Ibrahim Gosadi

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Case Series ◽

Applanation Tonometry ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Intrastromal Corneal Ring ◽

Case Series Study ◽

Ring Segment ◽

The Mean ◽

One Year

Background: Intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation is one of the treatment options of keratoconus. This study is aiming to evaluate safety and effectivness of ICRS implantation at Al-Dharan Eye Specialist Hospital.Methods: This study is a descriptive retrospective case series study. The target population of this study is patients diagnosed with corneal ectasia who underwent ICRS implantation in Al-Dharan Eye Specialist Hospital, Al-Dharan, Saudi Arabia. Preoperative and postoperative data about uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle–corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), manifest refraction, keratometry, applanation tonometry, corneal topography, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy were retrieved from medical records of department of Medical Archive. Paired students t-test was used to compare preoperative and postoperative means of study variables.Results: The total number of recruited patients in this study was 57 patients where 62% of them were males. Sixty-six treated eyes were included in this study where no intra-operative complications were recorded. Upon comparing the mean preoperative data to the mean postoperative data at three months, six months and one year intervals, an overall improvement in the measured outcomes was witnessed. UCVA, BSCVA, and keratometric readings exhibited a statistically significant improvement when comparing preoperative with one-year postoperative findings (p<0.001).Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that ICRS implantation is a safe and effective treatment for keratoconus.

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Postoperative Visual Outcome: Sling procedure with prolene sutures in children with simple congenital ptosis

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.38.1.4359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nida Shamim ◽

Nausheen Hayat ◽

Alyscia Cheema

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Case Series ◽

Visual Outcome ◽

Congenital Ptosis ◽

Sling Procedure ◽

Creative Commons ◽

Case Series Study ◽

Department Of Ophthalmology ◽

Qualitative Variables ◽

Sling Surgery

Objective: To assess the visual outcome after sling procedure using prolene sutures in children with simple congenital ptosis. Methods: A descriptive case series study was performed in the Department of Ophthalmology of Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre, for a duration of six months in which 20 patients aged 3-10 years were selected with either unilateral or bilateral congenital ptosis. They were thoroughly examined and visual acuity and degree of ptosis were measured pre-operatively. Frontalis sling surgery was performed using prolene sutures on all patients after which their visual acuity and degree of ptosis were measured once again after three months post-operatively. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. For qualitative variables, frequency and percentages were calculated. Mean and Standard deviation was commutated for the quantitative variable. Results: The mean age of the patients was 8.15±1.75. 11 (55%) male and 9 (45%) female participants were included in the study. Visual acuity improved in all the patients with all the patients attaining a visual acuity of 6/6 (n=12, 60%), 6/9 (n=7, 35%), and 6/12 (n=1, 5%). The degree of ptosis post-operatively was not found in any patient either. Conclusion: Sling procedure helped in eliminating ptosis and improved visual acuity in patients with simple congenital ptosis. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4359 How to cite this:Shamim N, Hayat N, Cheema A. Postoperative Visual Outcome: Sling procedure with prolene sutures in children with simple congenital ptosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4359 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Evaluation of Macular Function after Vitrectomy in Diabetic Macular Edema

Journal of Advanced Plastic Surgery Research ◽

10.31907/2414-2093.2019.05.04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 18-26

Author(s):

Mona Abdelkader ◽

◽

Mohamed Mamdouh ◽

Ayman Fawzy

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Retinal Thickness ◽

Multifocal Electroretinogram ◽

Diabetic Macular Oedema ◽

Implicit Time ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Functional Evaluation ◽

Macular Function ◽

Full Field ◽

Before And After

Purpose: To document the effects of successful vitrectomy on retinal function and anatomy in diabetic patients. Methods: Three-port pars plana vitrectomy with detachment of posterior vitrous face was performed in 30 eyes of 25 patients with diabetic macular oedema DME (11 male, 14 Female).For each patients, visual acuity (VA) examination, measurement of retinal thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT), full field electro-retinogram (ERG) and multifocal eletroretinogram (MF-ERG) were performed before and 1week,1month and 3months after vitrectomy. Results: Mean postoperative visual acuity was significantly improved (P<0.05); mean retinal thickness was significantly (P=0.001 ) decreased after 3monthes of surgery (from 450±150 into 220±50 micron ) .b-wave amplitudes of all cone and rod responses of ERG were significantly decreased in all vitrectomized eyes after 1 week. At one month, rod response was still unimproved but improved after 3months. Reduction in foveal Function as well as in para-foveal areas detected in the MF-ERG within 1st month. Then, mean P1 wave amplitude of MF-ERG of central ring increased and mean P1 wave implicit time decreased. These changes of MF-ERG parameters observed 3 months after vitrectomy. Conclusion: Multifocal electroretinogram can be useful to provide objective criteria for functional evaluation before and after vitrectomy in diabetic oedema.

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