Famine and disease in Nigerian refugee camps for internally displaced peoples: a sad reflection of our times

Using the Syrian war as a case study, this article examines the theoretical frameworks of media dependency and selective exposure during the war. Through a survey of 2,192 Syrians living in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Turkey during the conflict, the study examined the media needs and trust of four groups of Syrians: non-displaced, internally displaced, externally displaced living inside refugee camps, and externally displaced living outside refugee camps. The study aimed to understand how these four groups trust and rely on different media sources to meet their information needs.

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Combined use of SAR and optical data for environmental assessments around refugee camps in semiarid landscapes

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-777-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol XL-7/W3 ◽

pp. 777-782 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Braun ◽

V. Hochschild

Keyword(s):

Land Cover ◽

Optical Sensors ◽

Land Degradation ◽

Spatial Information ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Optical Data ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Refugee Camps ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Regional Conflicts

Over 15 million people were officially considered as refugees in the year 2012 and another 28 million as internally displaced people (IDPs). Natural disasters, climatic and environmental changes, violent regional conflicts and population growth force people to migrate in all parts of this world. This trend is likely to continue in the near future, as political instabilities increase and land degradation progresses. <br><br> EO4HumEn aims at developing operational services to support humanitarian operations during crisis situations by means of dedicated geo-spatial information products derived from Earth observation and GIS data. The goal is to develop robust, automated methods of image analysis routines for population estimation, identification of potential groundwater extraction sites and monitoring the environmental impact of refugee/IDP camps. <br><br> This study investigates the combination of satellite SAR data with optical sensors and elevation information for the assessment of the environmental conditions around refugee camps. In order to estimate their impact on land degradation, land cover classifications are required which target dynamic landscapes. We performed a land use / land cover classification based on a random forest algorithm and 39 input prediction rasters based on Landsat 8 data and additional layers generated from radar texture and elevation information. The overall accuracy was 92.9 %, while optical data had the highest impact on the final classification. By analysing all combinations of the three input datasets we additionally estimated their impact on single classification outcomes and land cover classes.

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Syrian Refugee Children And Mental Health Trauma

Allons-y: Journal of Children, Peace and Security ◽

10.15273/allons-y.v2i0.10055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 32-47

Author(s):

Kathleen O'Brien

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Services ◽

United Nations ◽

Refugee Children ◽

Refugee Camps ◽

Learning And Development ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Dangerous Place ◽

Mental Trauma ◽

Emergency Fund

In 2015, the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) named Syria as the most dangerous place on earth to be a child (UNICEF, 2). Since the onset of civil war in 2011, nearly 4.8 million Syrians are refugees outside of Syria and approximately 6 million are internally displaced (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 2016). While some refugees have successfully resettled in North American and European nations, many remain in limbo in refugee camps. What is most staggering about the population of affected persons is that nearly half, approximately 6 million, are children (UNICEF, 2016). Nearly all of these children have been subjected to trauma that has manifested in a variety of ways. They have often been subjected to or witnessed violence and have experienced the loss of one or more of their caregivers. Refugees face difficulty accessing psychological and health services and are met with the stigma surrounding mental health in countries including Lebanon and Turkey, regions that many refugee children have fled to. In the absence of these supports, the mental trauma a child is experience can impact learning and development and have disastrous impacts on their future.

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Part 3 Vulnerable Groups, 3.3 Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and Internally Displaced Persons

10.1093/law/9780198703983.003.0021 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Bielefeldt Heiner, Prof ◽

Ghanea Nazila, Dr ◽

Wiener Michael, Dr

Keyword(s):

Asylum Seekers ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Freedom Of Religion ◽

Internally Displaced Persons ◽

Refugee Camps ◽

Displaced Persons ◽

Refugee Status ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Equal Right

Though it is clear that refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced persons (IDPs) have an equal right to freedom of religion or belief, this right is often compromised in practice. This chapter examines a number of these challenges for freedom of religion or belief at various stages of the process by which persons become forcibly displaced, seek asylum and refugee status in another State, are able to or are denied the freedom to practise religion or belief in refugee camps, or face refoulement.

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Application of fuzzy DEMATEL–ANP methods for siting refugee camps

Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management ◽

10.1108/jhlscm-12-2018-0078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 347-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jana Abikova

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Selection Process ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Future Research ◽

Refugee Camps ◽

Fuzzy Dematel ◽

Content Type ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Humanitarian Organizations

PurposeThe aim of this paper was to investigate the criteria and sub-criteria with the most impact on determining a suitable location for refugee camps. This paper also analysed the relationships between the main criteria used in the selection process.Design/methodology/approachThis study applied a combination of fuzzy methods and the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Analytical Network Process (ANP) methods as tools for multiple-criteria decision analysis. A questionnaire was distributed to field workers in an international humanitarian organization team.FindingsFive main criteria and twenty sub-criteria were defined. Between them, the highest ranked sub-criteria were long-term planning, optimal distribution and opportunity for growth. These findings were specific to the interviewed respondents of presented research at the time the data were collected and offer a potential research design for future research examining different organizations and teams.Research limitations/implicationsThe methods and evaluation were based on human opinions that were potentially biased.Practical implicationsThe results of this study could be useful to government organizations, UN agencies, humanitarian organizations and other decision-making parties in selecting camp locations for refugees or internally displaced people according to how the importance of particular sub-criteria is understood.Originality/valueNew sub-criteria were included in this research. To date, the combination of fuzzy, DEMATEL and ANP methods has not been previously used in relation to these issues. Scientific knowledge concerning refugee camp siting problems is limited. This research extends this knowledge with the involvement of humanitarian workers as respondents. This paper also offers organizations a process for solving complex decision-making problems with long-term results or effect.

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Menstrual management: a neglected aspect of hygiene interventions

Disaster Prevention and Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/dpm-04-2013-0070 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 437-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Alison H. Parker ◽

Jen A. Smith ◽

Tania Verdemato ◽

Jeanette Cooke ◽

James Webster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Emergency Situation ◽

Well Being ◽

Host Population ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Refugee Camps ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Content Type ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Cultural Taboos

Purpose – Effective menstrual management is essential for the mental and physical well being of women. However, many women in low-income countries lack access to the materials and facilities required. They are thus restricted in their activities whilst menstruating thus compromising their education, income and domestic responsibilities. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study describes the menstrual management challenges faced by women in an emergency situation in Uganda. Totally, 50 interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with women from villages, internally displaced person (IDP) camps and schools so that the menstrual management of the host population could be compared with the IDPs. Findings – This study showed that in IDP camps there was a significant lack of materials including soap, underpants and absorbing cloth, and facilities like latrines and bathing shelters. As a consequence women in IDP camps suffer with poor health and diminished dignity. There is also a lack of education about menstruation and reproductive health and practices are strongly influenced by cultural taboos. Originality/value – This is the first time that the menstrual management of women in IDP or refugee camps has been studied.

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The cartographic dimensions of humanitarianism: Mapping refugee spaces in post-earthquake Haiti

Cultural Dynamics ◽

10.1177/0921374014527920 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 251-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

April Shemak

Keyword(s):

Global Positioning System ◽

Aerial Photographs ◽

Internally Displaced Persons ◽

Refugee Camps ◽

Displaced Persons ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Us Military ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Visual Text ◽

High Resolution Satellite Imagery

This article examines the post-earthquake politics of space via the literal and cultural mapping of internally displaced persons in Haiti to consider the cartographic dimensions of humanitarian biopower. I begin by analyzing OpenStreetMap Haiti, an online collaborative cartographic project, which mapped Haiti’s roads and refugee camps after the earthquake by using high-resolution satellite imagery, global positioning system technologies, and aerial photographs—much of which is derived from US military data—in order to facilitate “humanitarian” efforts on the ground. I contend that the visual text produced by OpenStreetMap Haiti, which functions as a map to locate and situate refugees, represents a particular form of humanitarian biopower. In the second half of this article, I analyze a 2012 work of comics journalism titled Tents beyond Tents, which offers a critique of humanitarian “aid” from the perspective of Haitians who occupy the internally displaced persons camps created after the earthquake. I consider how the comic functions as a cartographic project, or cartoon mapping, through depictions of the spaces of the refugee camps in and around Port-au-Prince.

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Pengungsi — Indonesia's Internally Displaced Persons

Asian and Pacific Migration Journal ◽

10.1177/011719680201100302 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 297-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Graeme Hugo

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

East Timor ◽

Internally Displaced Persons ◽

Refugee Camps ◽

Displaced Persons ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

West Kalimantan ◽

South Sulawesi ◽

Central Sulawesi

Indonesia currently has one of the largest groups of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) of any nation in the world. This paper assesses the scale and patterns of such movement in Indonesia as at the beginning of 2002. It begins by assessing conflict as a cause of internal migration and shows how such movement was significant during the first two decades of independence in Indonesia. The current patterns of movement of IDPs in Indonesia are then outlined with the main origins being in the Outer Island provinces of Maluku, East Timor, Aceh, Central Sulawesi, Central Kalimantan, Papua and West Kalimantan. Around half of the current 1.3 million IDPs are housed in “refugee camps,” often in crowded and unhygienic conditions. Several of the expulsions of IDPs have come from areas where there have been earlier influxes of migrants, especially transmigrants of Java-Bali origins and the so-called BBM (Bugis, Butonese and Makassarese from South Sulawesi), with different ethnoreligious backgrounds than the native residents. The release of central control following the fall of the Suharto regime and the onset of the financial crisis have seen simmering newcomer/native, ethnic, religious and economic tensions rise to the surface to create the large scale expulsions. The Indonesian government has put forward a strategy to “solve” the IDP problem by the end of 2002. This is assessed and some of the medium and long-term implications of the movement discussed.

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Sustainability in Refugee Camps: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147686 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7686

Author(s):

Mai Wardeh ◽

Rui Cunha Marques

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Relative Effectiveness ◽

Well Being ◽

Refugee Camps ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Relevant Evidence ◽

Development Goals ◽

Planning Development

Many studies have stated the results of interventions presented in refugee camps to improve the quality of refugees’ lives and reduce their suffering. However, there has been no formal systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the evidence of the relative effectiveness of these interventions along with sustainability and the current 2030 Agenda. We developed a comprehensive search strategy designed to identify all peer-reviewed articles that presented interventions related to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in a refugee camp setting. We examined only articles with a specific focus on development goals. We screened the titles and, where necessary, the abstracts of 1108 publications. Seventy-two studies were judged to contain relevant evidence and were reviewed in detail. Data were extracted from these studies and pooled by meta-analysis to provide summary estimates of the effectiveness of existing procedures. Health and education sectors were the most frequently discussed SDGs. Results and recommendations from included studies were categorized into seven sectors: planning, development, and shelters; health and well-being; education; water and sanitation; energy; work and economic growth; and others. In order to improve the quality of life of refugees and internally displaced persons living in camps, more research that addresses both SDGs and camp planning and management is needed. This study is the first review found in the literature to report on sustainability in refugee camps.

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