Occupational Exposure in Radiation Applications in India: Trends and Distribution Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Senthilkumar ◽  
C Senthil Kumar ◽  
J Koley ◽  
J Velmurugan
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Dose Distribution ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Collective Dose ◽  
Occupational Dose ◽  
Significant Change

Abstract Occupational exposure data in radiation applications provide a good insight on the radiation risks to workers from occupational hazards, the safe practices adopted and in deriving methods to prevent possible radiation exposures. The analysis of occupational exposure may be used to provide regulatory guidance and more focused attention to improve the safety systems, thus improving the personnel and environment safety. In this study, occupational exposure from radiation applications during 2004–18 amounting to a total number of 1951 486 occupational dose data are collected and analysed using the statistical software package, SPSS. As recommended by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, four critical parameters viz., annual collective effective dose, average annual effective dose, individual dose distribution ratio and the annual collective dose distribution ratio for each practice are estimated. Using the trend observed for these parameters, it is predicted that occupational exposure in diagnostic radiology in the year 2023 would increase by 80% in total number of monitored with 76% increase in average collective dose and no significant change in average annual effective dose. In the same manner, nuclear medicine would see 28% of increase in radiation workers with the increase of 24% in collective dose with no significant change in average annual effective dose. Further, the reasons and area of regulatory focus for the different practices are discussed.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Occupational Exposure of Workers Engaged in Radiation Practice without Monitoring Devices

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Akinlade Bidemi I. ◽  
Akisanya Daniel F. ◽  
Badmus Biodun S.
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Occupational Dose ◽  
Radiation Workers ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Monitoring Devices

Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate occupational dose of personnel, engaged in radiation work without wearing monitoring device, at five diagnostic centres in Abeokuta, Ogun State metropolis, namely, Rainbow, New image, Bethel, Akinolugbade and Abiolad.  Materials and Methods: Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) obtained from Radiation Protection Services, Lagos State University (LASU), Ojo were used for dose measurements. LASU is accredited by the Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA) to provide radiation monitoring services. The TLDs were distributed to each of the centre for personnel and area (control and supervised) monitoring. The period of exposure of the TLDs was three months. The exposed TLDs were returned to LASU for processing. The effective dose received by personnel per quarter was extrapolated to annual effective dose to make comparison with the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) recommended dose limit. The stochastic effect of the measured dose was also estimated.  Results: Annual effective dose received by all personnel ranged from 1.16 - 2.54 mSv. While the highest value was obtained by personnel at Bethel diagnostic centre, the lowest value was obtained at Akinolugbade. The risk of cancer associated with these values, estimated for a million population, was 112 and 61 at Bethel and Akinolugbade respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the annual effective doses to personnel at these centres were below the ICRP recommended dose of 20 mSv per annum. However, the Managements of these diagnostic centres should provide monitoring devices for their radiation workers in line with NNRA authorization requirements.

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO EXTERNAL IONISING RADIATION IN TANZANIA (2011–17)

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Wilbroad Edward Muhogora ◽  
Firm Paul Banzi ◽  
Justin Emanuel Ngaile ◽  
Wilson Maliyatabu Ngoye ◽  
Usha Sara Lema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Dose Distribution ◽  
Individual Dose ◽  
Regulatory Enforcement ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Occupational Radiation ◽  
Average Effective Dose

Abstract The objectives of this paper were to evaluate the occupational radiation exposure data from 2011 to 2017 and to compare the results with status in 1996–2010 periods. The evaluation was performed in terms of annual collective effective dose, the average annual effective dose, the individual dose distribution ratio and the annual collective effective dose distribution ratio. Irrespective of work category, the results indicate that the average effective dose ranged from 0.64 to 1.55 mSv and broadly comparable to data in the previous analysis. Over seven year period, the maximum annual individual dose was 4 mSv and therefore below the dose limit of 20 mSv y−1. The impact of radiological practice on the exposed population was <1.1 person.Sv. The results demonstrate satisfactory radiation protection conditions at workplaces, a situation which is mainly explained by the existing effective regulatory enforcement and improved workers’ awareness.

scholarly journals Occupational Exposure to Ionizing Radiation in Interventional Cardiology Practices in Bangladesh during 2010-2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sohelur Rahman ◽  
Aleya Begum ◽  
Md. Rezaul Karim Khan ◽  
Md. Ashraful Hoque ◽  
M. M. Mahfuz Siraz
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Interventional Cardiology ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters ◽  
Status And Trends ◽  
The Status

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess, analyze and discuss the occupational exposure to ionizing radiation in interventional cardiology practices in Bangladesh for the last 5-year periods. Method: Each year, about 100 workers working in interventional cardiology departments of big hospitals in Dhaka City were monitored using Harshaw Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLDs) for quarterly basis. The effective dose of the occupational workers were measured using Two Harshaw TLD Readers (one is manual TLD reader, model-4500, and another is automatic TLD reader, model 6600 plus). Finding: The average annual effective dose (about 80 % workers) in interventional cardiology practices were <2mSv in 2010-2014 and no monitored workers were found to have received an occupational exposure >50 mSv in a single year or >100 mSv in a 5 year period. The status and trends in occupational exposure demonstrate that radiation protection conditions at the majority of the workplace were adequate. Despite that, further optimization is necessary due to large variations observed in the maximum individual doses over the 5-year periods.  

The Measurements of Natural Radioactivity, (Radon and Gamma concentrations), around the old fertilizer factory in Basrah/Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1324-1335
Author(s):  
Jabbar H. Jebur
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Track Detector ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Passive Technique ◽  
Radium Activity

Radon concentration, exhalation rate, annual effective dose, radium activity, thorium, uranium potassium and radium equivalent have been measured in the present investigation for soil in the area around the old fertilizer factory in southern of Basrah Governorate. The measurements based on CR39 track detector for passive method, RAD7 for active method and NaI(Tl) for gamma concentration measurements. Average values for radon concentration in soil were 112.04±10.76 Bq/m3 using passive technique and 104.56±6.05 Bq/m3 using RAD7. From the result of the passive technique, area and mass exhalation rates and the annual effective dose were calculated. Gamma ray spectroscopy for the soil samples were performed and found that the average concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 50.89 Bq/kg, 21.74 Bq/kg and 640.4 Bq/kg respectively. Gamma ray hazard indices were calculated and found they are within the world average.

Radiation exposure of the staff at the therapeutic and diagnostic nuclear medicine department

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (04) ◽  
pp. 175-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dolezal
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Personal Dosimetry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Administered Activity

SummaryAim: To assess a radiation exposure and the quality of radiation protection concerning a nuclear medicine staff at our department as a six-year retrospective study. Therapeutic radionuclides such as 131I, 153Sm, 186Re, 32P, 90Y and diagnostic ones as a 99mTc, 201Tl, 67Ga, 111In were used. Material, method: The effective dose was evaluated in the period of 2001–2006 for nuclear medicine physicians (n = 5), technologists (n = 9) and radiopharmacists (n = 2). A personnel film dosimeter and thermoluminescent ring dosimeter for measuring (1-month periods) the personal dose equivalent Hp(10) and Hp(0,07) were used by nuclear medicine workers. The wearing of dosimeters was obligatory within the framework of a nationwide service for personal dosimetry. The total administered activity of all radionuclides during these six years at our department was 17,779 GBq (99mTc 14 708 GBq, 131I 2490 GBq, others 581 GBq). The administered activity of 99mTc was similar, but the administered activity of 131I in 2006 increased by 200%, as compared with the year 2001. Results: The mean and one standard deviation (SD) of the personal annual effective dose (mSv) for nuclear medicine physicians was 1.9 ± 0.6, 1.8 ± 0.8, 1.2 ± 0.8, 1.4 ± 0.8, 1.3 ± 0.6, 0.8 ± 0.4 and for nuclear medicine technologists was 1.9 ± 0.8, 1.7 ± 1.4, 1.0 ± 1.0, 1.1 ± 1.2, 0.9 ± 0.4 and 0.7 ± 0.2 in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The mean (n = 2, estimate of SD makes little sense) of the personal annual effective dose (mSv) for radiopharmacists was 3.2, 1.8, 0.6, 1.3, 0.6 and 0.3. Although the administered activity of 131I increased, the mean personal effective dose per year decreased during the six years. Conclusion: In all three professional groups of nuclear medicine workers a decreasing radiation exposure was found, although the administered activity of 131I increased during this six-year period. Our observations suggest successful radiation protection measures at our department.

scholarly journals Radon Activity Concentrations in Natural Hot Spring Water: Dose Assessment and Health Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Eka Djatnika Nugraha ◽  
Masahiro Hosoda ◽  
June Mellawati ◽  
Untara Untara ◽  
Ilsa Rosianna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
West Java

The world community has long used natural hot springs for tourist and medicinal purposes. In Indonesia, the province of West Java, which is naturally surrounded by volcanoes, is the main destination for hot spring tourism. This paper is the first report on radon measurements in tourism natural hot spring water in Indonesia as part of radiation protection for public health. The purpose of this paper is to study the contribution of radon doses from natural hot spring water and thereby facilitate radiation protection for public health. A total of 18 water samples were measured with an electrostatic collection type radon monitor (RAD7, Durridge Co., USA). The concentration of radon in natural hot spring water samples in the West Java region, Indonesia ranges from 0.26 to 31 Bq L−1. An estimate of the annual effective dose in the natural hot spring water area ranges from 0.51 to 0.71 mSv with a mean of 0.60 mSv for workers. Meanwhile, the annual effective dose for the public ranges from 0.10 to 0.14 mSv with an average of 0.12 mSv. This value is within the range of the average committed effective dose from inhalation and terrestrial radiation for the general public, 1.7 mSv annually.

MEASUREMENT OF THE ACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS OF GAMMA EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES IN TOOTHPASTE SAMPLES AND ASSESSMENT OF THE CORRESPONDING ANNUAL EFFECTIVE DOSES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas M Ababneh ◽  
Qutad M Samarah
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Effective Doses

Abstract It is inevitable that we are exposed to radiation daily from various sources and products that we consume on daily basis. The use of toothpaste for oral hygiene is one of the most common daily practices by humans and yet very little data are available regarding its radiation content. In this work, we investigated the concentrations of gamma emitting radionuclides in toothpaste samples consumed in Jordan. 40K and 226Ra were detected in almost one-third of the samples, whereas 228Ra was detected in nearly half of them. The corresponding activity concentrations in the detected samples were in the ranges of 68.7–154.2, 4.6–14.1 and 1.3–10.0 Bq/kg, respectively. Dose assessment of accidental ingestion of toothpaste for children and adults was made, and its contribution to the annual effective dose was found to be very minimal with maximum doses of ~2.9 and 1.3 μSv for children and adults, respectively.

Radon concentration in drinking water in villages nearby Rafsanjan fault and evaluation the annual effective dose

2014 ◽  
Vol 302 (3) ◽  
pp. 1167-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Malakootian ◽  
Zahra Khashi ◽  
Farnaz Iranmanesh ◽  
Mojtaba Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose
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