DO MULTIPLE ADMINISTRATIONS OF STABLE IODINE PROTECT POPULATION CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO RADIOACTIVE IODINE: WHAT IS PRIODAC RESEARCH PROGRAM (2014–22) TEACHING US?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Benderitter ◽  
Thierry Pourcher ◽  
Jean-Charles Martin ◽  
Jacques Darcourt ◽  
Pierre Guigon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Stable Iodine

scholarly journals Impact of repeated dose of stable iodine in an in utero rat model using a metabolomic approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Clément Rosique ◽  
Dalila Lebsir ◽  
Maâmar Souidi ◽  
Jean-Charles Martin
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Undesirable Effect ◽  
Extended Exposure ◽  
Metabolomic Approach ◽  
Stable Iodine

The Fukushima nuclear power plant blast resulted in the release of 131Iodine for several weeks. This unexpected issue challenged the iodin doctrine [1], in which the counter-measure is to provide a unique iodine tablet to saturate thyroid during the radioactive contamination not expected to last more than several hours. A new doctrine must be implemented to take into account such case of extended exposure based on repeated iodine administration with adapted dosage. But repeated administration of iodine can block the thyroid [2] and few scientific evidences regarding repeated iodine administration (and its potential undesirable effect) are at our disposal [3]. Moreover, unborn and young children are at high risk during a nuclear incident: it is currently recognized that one of the risks of exposure to radioactive iodine is the development of thyroid cancer, especially when exposure occurred during childhood [4]. Their protection is a main priority. Our goal was to evaluate the potential undesirable effects of such repeated iodine administration in the offspring using an untargeted metabolomic approach on a rat reproductive model.

scholarly journals A comparison of thyroidal protection by iodine and perchlorate against radioiodine exposure in Caucasians and Japanese

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rump ◽  
S. Eder ◽  
C. Hermann ◽  
A. Lamkowski ◽  
M. Kinoshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Radioiodine Uptake ◽  
Thyroid Dose ◽  
Exposure Pattern ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Stable Iodine

AbstractRadioactive iodine released in nuclear accidents may accumulate in the thyroid and by irradiation enhances the risk of cancer. Radioiodine uptake into the gland can be inhibited by large doses of stable iodine or perchlorate. Nutritional iodine daily intake may impact thyroid physiology, so that radiological doses absorbed by the thyroid as well as thyroid blocking efficacy may differ in Japanese with a very rich iodine diet compared to Caucasians. Based on established biokinetic–dosimetric models for the thyroid, we derived the parameters for Caucasians and Japanese to quantitatively compare the effects of radioiodine exposure and the protective efficacy of thyroid blocking by stable iodine at the officially recommended dosages (100 mg in Germany, 76 mg in Japan) or perchlorate. The maximum transport capacity for iodine uptake into the thyroid is lower in Japanese compared to Caucasians. For the same radioiodine exposure pattern, the radiological equivalent thyroid dose is substantially lower in Japanese in the absence of thyroid blocking treatments. In the case of acute radioiodine exposure, stable iodine is less potent in Japanese (ED50 = 41.6 mg) than in Caucasians (ED50 = 2.7 mg) and confers less thyroid protection at the recommended dosages because of a delayed responsiveness to iodine saturation of the gland (Wolff–Chaikoff effect). Perchlorate (ED50 = 10 mg in Caucasians) at a dose of 1000 mg has roughly the same thyroid blocking effect as 100 mg iodine in Caucasians, whereas it confers a much better protection than 76 mg iodine in Japanese. For prolonged exposures, a single dose of iodine offer substantially lower protection than after acute radioiodine exposure in both groups. Repetitive daily iodine administrations improve efficacy without reaching levels after acute radioiodine exposure and achieve only slightly better protection in Japanese than in Caucasians. However, in the case of continuous radioiodine exposure, daily doses of 1000 mg perchlorate achieve a high protective efficacy in Caucasians as well as Japanese (> 0.98). In Caucasians, iodine (100 mg) and perchlorate (1000 mg) at the recommended dosages seem alternatives in case of acute radioiodine exposure, whereas perchlorate has a higher protective efficacy in the case of longer lasting radioiodine exposures. In Japanese, considering protective efficacy, preference should be given to perchlorate in acute as well as prolonged radioiodine exposure scenarios.

scholarly journals Risk perception of the pre-distribution of stable iodine to guardians of children living around the Genkai Nuclear Power Plant, Saga Prefecture, Japan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250570
Author(s):  
Hitomi Matsunaga ◽  
Makiko Orita ◽  
Yasuyuki Taira ◽  
Noboru Takamura
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Childhood Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Stable Iodine

Iodine thyroid blocking (ITB) is effective for preventing childhood thyroid cancer when radioactive iodine is released into the environment during a nuclear power plant accident. Japan employs the pre-distribution of stable iodine (PDSI) to residents living near nuclear power plants; however, the number of residents who have actually received stable iodine to date remains limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of guardians of children living around the Genkai Nuclear Power Plant (GNPP) in Japan. We distributed self-administered questionnaires regarding perception of risks associated with administration of stable iodide to approximated 400 guardians of children aged 0–6 in 10 kindergartens located in four municipalities. We obtained responses from 286 guardians, and after excluding invalid responses, 247 were included in the analysis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that living within 5 km of the GNPP (odds ratio [OR] = 4.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.43–8.24), awareness of preferential implementation of ITB to children (OR = 3.33, 95%CI: 1.78–6.22), and awareness of the prophylaxis booklet published by the local government (OR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.37–4.68) were independently associated with PDSI for children. The main reasons for not receiving PDSI were “anxiety about the side effects of stable iodine” (40.2%), “distrust of the effectiveness of SI” (23.5%), “complicated procedures for receiving stable iodine” (15.7%) and “missed the date for receiving stable iodine” (8.8%). In the case of ITB implementation during a nuclear emergency, it is necessary to clarify the risk perceptions of guardians and adapt risk communication accordingly.

scholarly journals Misdiagnosis of Paraganglioma by 123I-mIBG Without Stable Iodine Blockade of Thyroidal Radioiodine Uptake

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley M Chen Cardenas ◽  
Daisy Duan ◽  
Lisa M Rooper ◽  
Prasanna Santhanam ◽  
David S Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Radioiodine Uptake ◽  
Catecholamine Excess ◽  
Iodine 131 ◽  
Iodine 123 ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Stable Iodine

Abstract Iodine-123/iodine-131 (123I/131I)-metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) scan is an established tool for the localization and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors such as paragangliomas (PGL). To minimize thyroid irradiation by the radioactive iodine in the mIBG preparation, blockade of thyroidal iodine uptake with high doses of stable iodine used to be given routinely as part of all mIBG protocols. As 123I is now more frequently utilized than 131I, concern about thyroid radiation has lessened and thyroid blockade is often considered unnecessary. However, in certain situations, the lack of thyroid blockade can significantly impact treatment decisions. This report describes 2 patients who had mediastinal masses incidentally discovered on CT scans, and on further evaluation were found to have symptoms suggesting catecholamine excess with mildly elevated plasma normetanephrine levels. 123I-mIBG scans were performed without thyroid blockade, which demonstrated accumulation of tracer in the masses that were therefore deemed positive for PGL. Both patients underwent surgical resection of the masses with their surgical pathology revealing ectopic thyroid tissue (ETT). These cases illustrate that if appropriate thyroid blockade is not performed, ETT concentrating radioiodine from mIBG can lead to falsely positive mIBG scans and unnecessary surgical procedures. We conclude that in the setting of a mass suspicious for PGL in a location potentially representing ETT, such as the mediastinum, thyroid blockade should be employed for mIBG protocols to avoid false positive scans caused by ETT.

GENERAL ASPECTS OF IODINE METABOLISM IN SPORADIC GOITRE

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. de Crombrugghe ◽  
C. Beckers ◽  
M. De Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thyroid Uptake ◽  
Iodine Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic Iodine ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Stable Iodine

ABSTRACT Studies on iodine metabolism were performed in 17 patients with sporadic non-toxic goitre. A group of 11 normal subjects served as control. These investigations show that goitrous patients are at least iodine deficient: there is a low urinary excretion of stable and radioactive iodine with high thyroid uptake of radioiodine. Various rate constants of the iodide cycle in the body have been calculated. In particular, the concentration of stable iodide in the plasma as well as the pool of inorganic iodine are significantly reduced as compared with controls. The great avidity of the thyroid allowed an equal accumulation of stable iodine per unit of time in goitrous and non-goitrous subjects. Iodine deficiency undoubtly plays a role in the pathogenesis of sporadic non-toxic goitre in Belgium. The importance of lack of iodine is discussed in relation to other goitrogenic factors.

Iodine Kinetics and Effectiveness of Stable Iodine Prophylaxis After Intake of Radioactive Iodine: A Review

Thyroid ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Verger ◽  
A. Aurengo ◽  
B. Geoffroy ◽  
B. Le Guen
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Iodine Prophylaxis ◽  
Stable Iodine

IODATION DE PROTEINES DE LA THYROIDE HUMAINE (NORMALE ET PATHOLOGIQUE)

1968 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Etling ◽  
A. Martin ◽  
G. Vallée ◽  
F. Lachiver
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Gradient ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Toxic Adenoma ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate Saturation ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Stable Iodine ◽  
Pathological Tissues ◽  
S Proteins

ABSTRACT The radioiodine distribution between the different soluble thyroid proteins was studied after 125I administration, in normal human thyroid tissues and in several pathological tissues, by sucrose gradient ultra-centrifugation. In normal human, the most part of the radioactivity is bound to 19 S thyroglobulin, and also, for a small percentage, to 12 S and 27 S proteins. The repartition seems similar from 2 hours to 7 days after isotope administration. The stable iodine proportion bound to the proteins precipitating between 35–50 per cent of ammonium sulfate saturation is almost the same as the radioactive iodine percentage precipitating in the same zone. In the pathological thyroids, the radioactivity distribution between the 12, 19 and 27 S proteins gives normal results in toxic adenoma, simple goiter and in a tumour, but is different from normal results in a Hashimoto thyroiditis.

Tinkering with cognitive gadgets: Cultural evolutionary psychology meets active inference

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Benjamin Badcock ◽  
Axel Constant ◽  
Maxwell James Désormeau Ramstead
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Cognitive Faculties ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cognitive Gadgets offers a new, convincing perspective on the origins of our distinctive cognitive faculties, coupled with a clear, innovative research program. Although we broadly endorse Heyes’ ideas, we raise some concerns about her characterisation of evolutionary psychology and the relationship between biology and culture, before discussing the potential fruits of examining cognitive gadgets through the lens of active inference.

Outcomes assessment of a predoctoral research program

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 836-839
Author(s):  
S Rosen ◽  
KE Alley ◽  
FM Beck
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Outcomes Assessment
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