BCDnet: Parallel heterogeneous eight-class classification model of breast pathology

Breast cancer is the cancer with the highest incidence of malignant tumors in women, which seriously endangers women’s health. With the help of computer vision technology, it has important application value to automatically classify pathological tissue images to assist doctors in rapid and accurate diagnosis. Breast pathological tissue images have complex and diverse characteristics, and the medical data set of breast pathological tissue images is small, which makes it difficult to automatically classify breast pathological tissues. In recent years, most of the researches have focused on the simple binary classification of benign and malignant, which cannot meet the actual needs for classification of pathological tissues. Therefore, based on deep convolutional neural network, model ensembleing, transfer learning, feature fusion technology, this paper designs an eight-class classification breast pathology diagnosis model BCDnet. A user inputs the patient’s breast pathological tissue image, and the model can automatically determine what the disease is (Adenosis, Fibroadenoma, Tubular Adenoma, Phyllodes Tumor, Ductal Carcinoma, Lobular Carcinoma, Mucinous Carcinoma or Papillary Carcinoma). The model uses the VGG16 convolution base and Resnet50 convolution base as the parallel convolution base of the model. Two convolutional bases (VGG16 convolutional base and Resnet50 convolutional base) obtain breast tissue image features from different fields of view. After the information output by the fully connected layer of the two convolutional bases is fused, it is classified and output by the SoftMax function. The model experiment uses the publicly available BreaKHis data set. The number of samples of each class in the data set is extremely unevenly distributed. Compared with the binary classification, the number of samples in each class of the eight-class classification is also smaller. Therefore, the image segmentation method is used to expand the data set and the non-repeated random cropping method is used to balance the data set. Based on the balanced data set and the unbalanced data set, the BCDnet model, the pre-trained model Resnet50+ fine-tuning, and the pre-trained model VGG16+ fine-tuning are used for multiple comparison experiments. In the comparison experiment, the BCDnet model performed outstandingly, and the correct recognition rate of the eight-class classification model is higher than 98%. The results show that the model proposed in this paper and the method of improving the data set are reasonable and effective.

Treatment of a child with venolymphatic malformation of the tongue

Relevance. Lymphatic and venolymphatic malformations account for 6-18% of benign lesions in children. In most cases, the head and neck regions are affected, with 50% of intraoral lesions occurring in the tongue. Venolymphatic malformation of the tongue leads to severe functional problems, even life-threatening, to serious esthetic defects and social maladjustment. Diagnosis and treatment of this patient population is a difficult and unsolved problem in pediatric maxillofacial surgery since there is no common algorithm for managing such patients. Purpose – optimization and improvement of the rehabilitation’s effectiveness of children with lymphatic and venolymphatic malformations of the tongue by creating a clear algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of this patients’ group.Materials and methods. A child aged 1 year and 5 months was treated for venolymphatic malformation of the tongue, macroglossia. In addition to general clinical examination methods, the mandatory diagnostic methods were ultrasonography of pathological tissues, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and CT (computed tomography) of the head and neck with intravenous administration of a contrast agent, fibrolaryngoscopy. The child was operated on in two stages: the first stage was a refined resection of the tongue followed by its plastic surgery with the local tissues, the second stage was the removal of the superficial malformation of the tongue using a semiconductor laser LSPIRE-Polyus (ЛСП-«ИРЭ-Полюс»). The surgery was performed under the general anaesthesia. A histopathological examination of the specimen was performed to clarify the diagnosis.Results. The outcome of the treatment was good: functional and esthetic problems were solved, the child became socially adapted. There were no complications during the intra- and postoperative periods. The method of removing the superficial form of venolymphatic malformation of the tongue using a semiconductor laser has once again demonstrated its effectiveness (patent for invention No. 2676832).Conclusions. When examining such children, it is necessary to adhere to a specific diagnostic plan. The treatment of this patients’ group is interdisciplinary and comprehensive, with the obligatory adherence to a clear treatment algorithm, which allows achieving good functional and esthetic outcome. The advantages of laser treatment of the superficial form of venolymphatic malformation of the tongue are the reduction in the risk of recurrence due to the complete and immediate removal of pathological tissues; decrease of the invasiveness of the operation for the precise action of the laser radiation, as well as the simultaneous coagulating effect of laser radiation; improving the functional and esthetic outcome of treatment; reducing the cost of treatment for this group of patients by decreasing the period of the hospital stay.

Comparative analysis of differences between preoperative endoscopic biopsy and postoperative pathological examination for diagnosis of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia

Objective This study was performed to compare the differences between preoperative endoscopic biopsy (PEB) and postoperative pathological examination (PPE) for diagnosis of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia (GIN). Methods From September 2016 to July 2019, 188 consecutive patients with GIN at Yuyao People’s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The 188 patients had 218 GIN lesions. All patients underwent PEB and either endoscopic submucosal dissection or surgical treatment. PPE was performed on pathological tissues that had been surgically removed. Results Among 138 cases of low-grade dysplasia (LGD) diagnosed by PEB, 46 were upgraded to high-grade dysplasia (HGD), 20 were upgraded to early gastric cancer (EGC), and 2 were downgraded to inflammation after PPE. Among 42 cases of HGD, 23 were upgraded to EGC, 2 were downgraded to LGD, and 2 were downgraded to inflammation after PPE. Among 38 cases of EGC, 1 was downgraded to HGD and 2 were downgraded to LGD after PPE. The original diagnosis was maintained after the operation in 120 cases of GIN. Conclusion Biopsy did not fully reflect the lesions of GIN. Biopsy review should be actively performed, and the lesions should be clarified by endoscopic submucosal dissection or surgery.

miR-378a-5p inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by downregulating CDK1

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in tumor occurrence. The role of miR-378a-5p and CDK1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated in this study. Methods Investigation of TCGA database and the detection of miR-378a-5p expression in colorectal cancer pathological tissues and colorectal cancer cell lines were undertaken by using qRT-PCR. We performed cell function experiments (CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, cell apoptosis assessment, and cell cycle assessment) and nude mouse tumor formation experiments to evaluate the effects of miR-378a-5p on proliferation, metastasis, and invasion to explore the role of miR-378a-5p in vivo and in vitro. Next, through TCGA database, immunohistochemical staining of pathological tissues, and cell function experiments, the role of the target gene CDK1 of miR-378a-5p was verified by database prediction, and dual luciferase reporter gene experiments in colorectal cancer cells were performed. Finally, whether upregulation of CDK1 restores the inhibitory effect of overexpression of miR-378a-5p on the proliferation of CRC cells was studied by overexpression of CDK1. Results Bioinformatic analysis showed significant downregulation of miR-378a-5p levels in colorectal cancer (CRC). Cell function experiments and tumor xenograft mouse models confirmed the low expression of miR-378a-5p within CRC tissues, which indicated the tumor suppressive role of miR-378a-5p in CRC. To better explore the regulation of miR-378a-5p in CRC, we predicted and validated cell cycle-dependent protein kinase 1 (CDK1) as the miR-378a-5p target gene and observed that miR-378a-5p suppressed CRC cell proliferation by targeting CDK1. Conclusion The results of this study help to elucidate the mechanism by which miR-378a-5p can be used as a tumor marker to inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer and CDK1, which is related to the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. MiR-378a-5p inhibits CRC cell proliferation by suppressing CDK1 expression, which may become a possible therapeutic target for treatment of CRC.

The Study of Cryosurgical Micro-instrument on Biomedicine

This paper introduces the development course of cryosurgery, mechanism, advantages and disadvantages, application scope, the analysis of the current world advanced the development of cryogenic surgical instruments and its principle and performance, found that at present, the development of the cryoablation equipment mainly for the treatment of diseases such as cancer such heavy research, thus ignore the crowd larger quantity of the treatment of skin disease research. cryopen are introduced in this paper to solve small pathological tissues such as skin disease treatment. we study a new type of freezing and melting equipment, named cryopen. at the same time, the simulation of treating abnormal skin is completed effectively. The results show that cryopen is very good for the treatment of abnormal skin. The future development of small cryoablation equipment is also put forward.

HEPARAN SULFATES EXPRESSION IN SURGERY MATERIAL OF OVARIAN ENDOMETRIAL CYSTS

The expression of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in eutopic and heterotopic endometrium in patients with ovarian endometriosis was studied using the method of immunohistochemistry. The simultaneous increase in the level of expression of core proteins of all studied heparan sulfate proteoglycans and the content of heparan sulfate in pathological tissues indicates the important role of glycosylated molecules in the pathogenesis of ovarian endometriosis.

miR-378a-5p inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by downregulating CDK1

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exerts a vital part in tumor occurrence.The role of miR-378a-5p and CDK1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated in this study. Methods The investigation of TCGA database and the detection of miR-378a-5p expression in colorectal cancer pathological tissues and colorectal cancer cell lines were performed by using qRT-PCR. We conducted cell function experiments (CCK-8, EDU, Colony formation assay, Wound healing assay, Transwell assay, Cell apoptosis detection, Cell cycle detection) and nude mouse tumor formation experiments to evaluate the effects of miR-378a-5p on proliferation, metastasis, The impact of invasion to explore the role of miR-378a-5p in vivo and in vitro. Then, through the TCGA database, immunohistochemistry of pathological tissues, and cell function experiments, the role of the target gene CDK1 of miR-378a-5p verified by database prediction and dual luciferase reporter gene experiments in colorectal cancer was explored. Finally, whether up-regulation of CDK1 restores the inhibitory effect of overexpression of miR-378a-5p on the proliferation of CRC cells is studied by overexpression of CDK1. Results Bioinformatics analysis showed significant downregulation of miR-378a-5p level within colorectal cancer (CRC). Cell function experiments and tumor xenograft mouse models confirmed the low expression of miR-378a-5p within CRC tissues, which indicated the tumor suppression role of miR-378a-5p within CRC. For better exploring the regulation of miR-378a-5p in CRC, we predicted and validated cell cycle-dependent protein kinase 1 (CDK1) to be the miR-378a-5p target geneand found that miR-378a-5p suppressed CRC cell proliferation by targeting CDK1. Conclusion To sum up, results in this work discover the mechanism of miR-378a-5p in retarding CRC cell proliferation through suppressing CDK1 expression, and it may become a possible therapeutic target to treat CRC.

Collagen-Peptide-Based Drug Delivery Strategies

Collagen-targeting strategies have proven to be an effective method for targeting drugs to pathological tissues for treatment of disease. The use of collagen-like peptides for controlling the assembly of drug delivery vehicles, as well as their integration into collagen-containing matrices, offers significant advantages for tuning the morphologies of assembled structures, their thermoresponsiveness, and the loading and release of both small-molecule and macro-molecular cargo. In this contribution, we summarize the design and development of collagen-peptide-based drug delivery systems introduced by the Kiick group and detail the expansion of our understanding and the application of these unique molecules through collaborations with experts in computational simulations (Jayaraman), osteoarthritis (Price), and gene delivery (Sullivan). Kiick was inducted as a Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors in 2019 and was to deliver an address describing the innovations of her research. Given the cancellation of the NAI Annual Meeting as a result of coronavirus travel restrictions, her work based on collagen-peptide-mediated assembly is instead summarized in this contribution.