Different modulation effects of Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin on resting-state functional connectivity of the default mode network in older adults

Abstract Humans are reliant on their caregivers for an extended period of time, offering numerous opportunities for environmental factors, such as parental attitudes and behaviors, to impact brain development. The default mode network is a neural system encompassing the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and temporo-parietal junction, which is implicated in aspects of cognition and psychopathology. Delayed default mode network maturation in children and adolescents has been associated with greater general dimensional psychopathology, and positive parenting behaviors have been suggested to serve as protective mechanisms against atypical default mode network development. The current study aimed to extend the existing research by examining whether within- default mode network resting-state functional connectivity would mediate the relation between parental acceptance/warmth and youth psychopathology. Data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study, which included a community sample of 9,058 children ages 9-10.9 years, were analyzed to test this prediction. Results from the analysis demonstrated a significant mediation, where greater parental acceptance/warmth predicted greater within- default mode network resting-state functional connectivity, which in turn predicted lower psychopathology. Our study provides preliminary support for the notion that positive parenting traits may reduce the risk for psychopathology in youth through their influence on the default mode network. Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, we can only draw correlational inference; therefore, these relationships should be tested longitudinally in future investigations.

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Trait self-reflectiveness relates to time-varying dynamics of resting state functional connectivity and underlying structural connectomes: Role of the default mode network

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116896 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 219 ◽

pp. 116896 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Daouia I. Larabi ◽

Remco J. Renken ◽

Joana Cabral ◽

Jan-Bernard C. Marsman ◽

André Aleman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Default Mode Network ◽

Resting State ◽

Time Varying ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Default Mode

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AEROBIC TRAINING, THE DEFAULT MODE NETWORK, AND COGNITION IN OLDER ADULTS WITH MILD VASCULAR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.213 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S55-S55

Author(s):

Rachel A Crockett ◽

Chun Liang Hsu ◽

Cindy Barha ◽

Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung ◽

Teresa Liu-Ambrose

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Default Mode Network ◽

Resting State ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽

Default Mode ◽

Global Cognitive Function

Abstract Aerobic training has been shown to be effective at improving cognitive and brain outcomes in older adults with mild subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment (SIVCI). However, uncertainty remains regarding the underlying neurobiological mechanisms by which exercise elicits these improvements in cognition. Increased aberrant functional connectivity of the default mode network has been highlighted as a factor contributing to cognitive decline in older adults with cognitive impairment. Greater connectivity of the DMN at rest is associated with poorer performance on attention-demanding tasks, indicative of a lack of ability to deactivate the network on task. Our previous work on a randomized controlled trial of participants with mild SIVCI, demonstrated that 6-months of thrice weekly aerobic training led to improved global cognitive function, as measured by Alzheimer’s disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog), compared with a health education program. Thus, we conducted secondary analyses to investigate whether these changes in global cognitive function were associated with changes in resting state DMN connectivity. A subsample of 21 participants underwent a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan before and after trial completion. Change in resting state DMN connectivity was found to significantly predict change in ADAS-Cog score (β = -.442, p=.038) after controlling for age, intervention group, and baseline functional capacity (R2=.467, F(4,16)= 3.507, p=.031). These findings suggest that functional connectivity of the DMN may underlie changes in global cognitive function. Furthermore, aerobic exercise is a promising intervention by which to elicit these changes in older adults with mild SIVCI.

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