scholarly journals M61. THE ROLE OF PERSONAL WORLDVIEW IN PREDICTING DELUSION PRONENESS IN A NON-CLINICAL SAMPLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S158-S158
Author(s):  
Georgia Zamperoni ◽  
Eric Tan ◽  
Erica Neill ◽  
Susan Rossell ◽  
Eric Tan
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
The Self ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Background Unusual thought processes, often referred to as delusion proneness, are not unique to clinical populations. Understanding the factors that contribute to delusion proneness has important theoretical and clinical implications in prodromal psychosis. Methods This study ascertained the presence of delusion proneness and associated levels of distress, preoccupation and conviction in a large sample of healthy participants (N=258, M= 33.62 years, SD =12.04), and subsequently investigated two aspects of personal worldview in predicting delusion proneness: Locus of control (LOC) and core positive and negative schemas of the self and others. This data was collected via an online survey. Results Stepwise regression analyses indicated that negative schemas of others predicted the presence of delusion proneness (p<.001) and associated levels of distress (p= .012) and preoccupation (p= .025); whilst negative schemas of the self predicted only the presence of delusion proneness (p= .001). Hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that LOC was not a significant predictor of the presence of delusion proneness (p= .141), or associated features of distress (p =.281), preoccupation (p=.220) and conviction (p= .660). Discussion The current study found that negative schemas of others accounted for more variance in predicting delusion proneness and aspects of experience (distress and preoccupation) than negative self- schemas. Our study may suggest that therapy focusing on one’s regulation of emotions and assumptions about others in individuals with delusion-like beliefs may be more critical in alleviating delusional symptoms than exclusively focusing on self-schemas.

AN INTERACTIONAL APPROACH TO ATTRIBUTIONAL DIMENSIONS IN DYSPHORIA

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Eschen ◽  
David S. Glenwick
Keyword(s):  
Attributional Style ◽  
The Self ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Attributional Style Questionnaire ◽  
Standard Manner ◽  
Stability Dimension ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

To investigate the possible contributions to dysphoria of interactions among attributional dimensions, 105 freshmen and sophomores were administered the Attributional Style Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory. Analyses examined the relationship to dysphoria of (a) the traditional composite score; (b) multiple regression analyses including interactions among the various dimensions; and (c) indices of behavioral self-blame, characterological self-blame, and external blame. The results provided modest support for the specific hypothesized interactional model and, to a large extent, appeared to support the validity of the standard manner in which dysphoric attributional style is viewed. Refinements of the traditional model are suggested, involving the self-blame construct, the possible role of the stability dimension, and the relationship between controllability and positive event attributions.

Beyond Fundamental Dimensions of Mood in Predicting Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation in Victims of Interpersonal Violence: Examining the Role of Dispositional Optimism in Chinese Females With and Without Experience of Victimization

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110309
Author(s):  
Yifeng Du ◽  
Olivia D. Chang ◽  
Mingqi Li ◽  
Misu Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Dispositional Optimism ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses

The present study tested a prediction model involving affectivity and dispositional optimism as predictors of suicide risk (i.e., depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation) in young adult Chinese females with and without prior interpersonal violence (IPV) victimization (294 nonvictimized and 94 victimized females). Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that negative affectivity was a significant predictor of both depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation for Chinese females, regardless of IPV victimization. Beyond affectivity, dispositional optimism was found to further add to the prediction model of depressive symptoms in both groups, but only for suicidal ideation in the IPV victimized group.

When and why does a “poker face” facilitate workplace creativity?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyi Chen ◽  
Xinmei Liu ◽  
Xiaojie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Workplace Creativity

PurposeThe authors investigate when and why a subordinate's expressive suppression facilitates workplace creativity, building on the conservation of resources theory and considering the effect of the supervisor's expressive suppression and time pressure as boundary conditions.Design/methodology/approachMultisource data were collected from 132 teams in northwestern China, including 132 supervisors and 648 subordinates. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the effects.FindingsThe subordinate’s expressive suppression was positively related to their workplace creativity. Challenge time pressure was positively related to workplace creativity, and the subordinate’s expressive suppression was positively related to workplace creativity when challenge time pressure was lower and the supervisor's expressive suppression was higher. Hindrance time pressure was negatively related to workplace creativity, and a positive relationship between a subordinate's expressive suppression and workplace creativity was also found with less hindrance time pressure and greater expressive suppression by their supervisor.Originality/valueBy examining the role of the supervisor as a source of downward spillovers in various time pressure contexts, the study explains why a subordinate’s suppression facilitates workplace creativity from the conservation of resources perspective.

scholarly journals PERAN PEMODERASI TEKANAN WAKTU HUBUNGAN ANTARA NILAI FUNGSIONAL DAN NILAI EMOSIONAL TERHADAP NIAT BELI PRODUK FLASH SALE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiry Utami
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Functional Value ◽  
Emotional Value ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The research examines the role of time pressure as moderating variable to the relationship between functional value and emotional value on purchase intention on flash sale product. Data for this research were collected by online survey and administered to 150 respondents. The hypothesis testing was conducted using multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. Finding of this indicated that functional value and emotional value have positive and significant effect on purchase intention. Time pressure has no negatively moderated the effect of functional value and emotional value on purchase intention. Keywords: functional value, emotional value, time pressure ABSTRAK Penelitian ini menguji peran tekanan waktu sebagai variabel moderasi hubungan antara nilai fungsional dan nilai emosional terhadap niat beli konsumen pada produk flash sale. Data di kumpulkan melalui survey online dengan 150 responden. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dan analsisi regresi hirarki. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai fungsional dan nilai emosional berpengaruh terhadap niat beli. Tekanan waktu tidak memoderasi secara negatif pengaruh nilai fungsional dan nilai emosional terhadap niat beli. Kata Kunci: nilai fungsional, nilai emosional, tekanan waktu

A comparison of cognitive biases between schizophrenia patients with delusions and healthy individuals with delusion-like experiences

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 943-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ł. Gawęda ◽  
K. Prochwicz
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cognitive Dimension ◽  
Emotional Reasoning

AbstractBackgroundThe role of psychosis-related cognitive biases (e.g. jumping to conclusions) in a delusion continuum is well-established. Little is known about the role of types of cognitive biases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of psychosis-related and “Beckian” (i.e. anxiety- and depression-related) cognitive biases assessed with a clinical questionnaire in the delusion continuum and its dimensions.MethodsSchizophrenia patients with (n = 57) and without (n = 35) delusions were compared to healthy subjects who had a low (n = 53) and high (n = 57) level of delusion-like experiences (DLEs) on the Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQp). Delusion dimensions in the clinical sample were assessed with the semi-structured interview PSYRATS. DLEs were measured with the Peters Delusion Inventory (PDI).ResultsHigh DLEs participants scored significantly higher than low DLEs, and patients with delusions scored higher than patients without delusions on the total scores of the CBQp. High DLEs participants scored significantly higher than low DLEs on catastrophisation and JTC. Schizophrenia patients with delusions scored significantly higher when compared to patients without delusions on intentionalising, dichotomous thinking, JTC and emotional reasoning. Patients with delusions and high DLEs participants scored similarly on JTC. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that catastrophising predicted total severity of clinical delusions and JTC predicted the cognitive dimension of clinical delusions. Both JTC and catastrophisation predicted the frequency and conviction associated with DLEs.ConclusionsBoth “Beckian” and psychosis-related cognitive biases may underlie delusions. Different aspects of clinical delusions and delusion-like experiences may be related to different cognitive biases.

scholarly journals Using Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal Training to Manipulate Appraisals about the Self and the World in Analog Trauma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Würtz ◽  
Julie Krans ◽  
Simon Edward Blackwell ◽  
Jan Christopher Cwik ◽  
Jürgen Margraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
The Self ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Healthy Participants

Background: Dysfunctional appraisals are a key mechanism in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Experimental manipulations of appraisals via Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal (CBM-App) training targeting cognitions related to the ‘self’ has shown to affect analog trauma symptoms. The present study aimed to conceptually replicate and extend previous findings by comparing a newly developed ‘world’ to the original ‘self’ training, and investigate the moderating role of locus of control (LOC) on intrusions. Methods: Healthy participants (N = 173) were exposed to distressing films as an analog trauma induction. Next, participants received positive or negative CBM-App, targeting either self- or world-relevant appraisals. Dysfunctional appraisals and LOC were assessed pre- and post-training. During the week after the laboratory session, participants recorded their intrusions and associated distress in a diary. One week later, trauma-relevant symptomatology was assessed. Results: Positive compared to negative CBM-App induced training-congruent appraisals, independent of the trained cognition (self vs. world). However, there was no effect on analog trauma symptoms and LOC did not moderate the training’s effect. Conclusions: Our results underline the validity of CBM-App as a method to experimentally manipulate appraisals. However, since we did not fully replicate previous findings further research on mechanisms associated with transfer effects is warranted.

Coping and Suicide in College Students

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangwen Yi ◽  
Edward C. Chang ◽  
Olivia D. Chang ◽  
Noelle J. Seward ◽  
Leah B. McAvoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Dispositional Optimism ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Reasons For Living ◽  
College Life ◽  
And Coping

Abstract. Background: Transitioning to college life in young adulthood can represent a challenging developmental period and college students are at heightened risk for engaging in suicidality. Aims: We aimed to investigate the roles dispositional optimism and coping strategies play in suicide risk (viz., suicidality) and suicide protection (viz., reasons for living) in college students. Method: A sample of 252 American college students were surveyed using anonymous questionnaires and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data. Results: Coping strategies, as a set, played an important role in both suicidality and reasons for living, after controlling for demographic factors (age and sex). When dispositional optimism was entered into the model, it was found to account for a significant amount of additional unique variance in both suicidality and reasons for living, even after accounting for coping. Limitations: It is unknown whether optimism remains meaningful in its association with suicide risk and protection beyond coping in other populations. Conclusion: Effective coping and optimism are associated with decreased suicide risk and increased suicide protection. Our findings point to the consistent role of dispositional optimism, over coping, in both suicide risk and protection.

Living up to high standards and psychological distress

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico W. Van Yperen ◽  
Mariët Hagedoorn
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
The Self ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Personal Standards ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
High Standards

We argue and demonstrate that setting high standards, an essential aspect of perfectionism, is not associated with maladaptive responses in and of itself. Rather, our findings suggest that people's responses to their perceptions that they consistently fail to meet their own standards are maladaptive. More importantly, in the present survey study (n = 293), we extend previous research by showing that low personal standards and the perception that others are imposing high standards on the self operate in concert to strengthen the link between perceived discrepancy and psychological distress. Furthermore, in support of our moderation‐mediation model, regression analyses provided evidence for the mediating role of generalised self‐efficacy beliefs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An Interpersonal Analysis of Rorschach Aggression Variables in a Normal Sample

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni L. Mihura ◽  
Elizabeth Nathan-Montano
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Normal Sample ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Forward Stepwise ◽  
Interpersonal Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Report Measure

This study investigated the relationship between Rorschach aggression variables and a self-report measure of interpersonal control and aggression (Structural Analysis of Social Behavior), rated for best and worst states, with 50 college students using forward stepwise regression analyses Aggressive Movement (AG) was related to the report of self-attack for the best state ratings The following findings were significant for the worst state ratings. AG was related to viewing the other as reacting as if attacked but the self as acting more affiliatively to the other. Aggressive Past (AgPast) was related to reacting to the other more submissively. A combined Aggressive Potential (AgPot)/Aggressive Content (AgC) variable was related to viewing the other as reacting less submissively and acting more dominantly. AgC was related to viewing the other as reacting less submissively. Methodological limitations are discussed, including potential problems regarding social desirability for the self-report aggression measure.

scholarly journals Using Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal Training to Manipulate Appraisals about the Self and the World in Analog Trauma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Würtz ◽  
Julie Krans ◽  
Simon E. Blackwell ◽  
Jan C. Cwik ◽  
Jürgen Margraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
The Self ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Background Dysfunctional appraisals are a key mechanism in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Experimental manipulations of appraisals via Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal (CBM-App) training targeting cognitions related to the ‘self’ has shown to affect analog trauma symptoms. The present study aimed to conceptually replicate and extend previous findings by comparing a newly developed ‘world’ to the original ‘self’ training, and investigate the moderating role of locus of control (LOC) on intrusions. Methods Healthy participants (N = 173) were exposed to distressing films as an analog trauma induction. Next, participants received positive or negative CBM-App, targeting either self- or world-relevant appraisals. Dysfunctional appraisals and LOC were assessed pre- and post-training. During the week after the laboratory session, participants recorded their intrusions and associated distress in a diary. One week later, trauma-relevant symptomatology was assessed. Results Positive compared to negative CBM-App induced training-congruent appraisals, independent of the trained cognition (self vs. world). However, there was no effect on analog trauma symptoms and LOC did not moderate the training’s effect. Conclusions Our results underline the validity of CBM-App as a method to experimentally manipulate appraisals. However, since we did not fully replicate previous findings further research on mechanisms associated with transfer effects is warranted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document