scholarly journals M87. PREVALENCE OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH PRIMARY PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS AT BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S167-S168
Author(s):  
Kayla Brown ◽  
Laura Corlin ◽  
Maureen Dubreuil ◽  
Tien Tran ◽  
Hannah Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Neurological Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Boston Medical

Abstract Background The prevalence of autoimmune diseases is higher among individuals with psychiatric illnesses than in the general population. It is unknown if the prevalence of autoimmune diseases differs among people with different primary psychotic disorders. Our objective was to assess whether the prevalence of autoimmune diseases differs among people with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, affective (bipolar/depression) psychosis, and other psychotic disorders (delusional, brief psychotic, schizophreniform, or unspecified psychosis). Methods For our cross-sectional study, we used International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes to identify individuals with primary psychotic disorders/unspecified psychoses who received treatment at Boston Medical Center between October 2003 and May 2019. Individuals with other/unspecified psychosis with an organic cause and individuals with unspecified psychosis, brief psychotic disorder with coinciding drug withdrawal, post-partum psychosis, or drug-induced mental illness, confusion, or seizure were excluded. Autoimmune diseases were categorized as systemic or as one of seven organ-specific subgroups (dermatological, endocrinological, gastroenterological, hematological, non-systemic connective tissue, and neurological). Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare differences in prevalence of autoimmune diseases among individuals with different psychoses adjusting for age, sex, and race. We also considered sex and race-stratified analyses. Results Of the 13,938 individuals (mean age = 43 years; 58% male) diagnosed with psychosis, 55% had schizophrenia, 17% had affective psychosis, and 29% had other/unspecified psychosis. Overall, nearly 9% of individuals with psychosis had at least one autoimmune disease (8% with schizophrenia, 11% with affective psychosis, and 8% with other/unspecified psychosis). The most prevalent autoimmune disease subgroups were systemic (39%), dermatological (26%), and endocrinological (23%). Compared to individuals with schizophrenia, individuals with affective psychosis had increased odds of having any autoimmune disease (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.63), dermatological autoimmune diseases (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.07), or endocrinological autoimmune diseases (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.12). Compared to individuals with schizoaffective as the only psychosis diagnosis, individuals with affective psychosis had increased odds of having any autoimmune disease (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.66) and individuals with schizophrenia had decreased odds of having neurological autoimmune diseases (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.96). Among individuals with any psychotic disorder, females were 95% more likely to have any autoimmune disease (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.72, 2.20). No racial differences were observed overall; however, compared to individuals who identified as white, individuals who identified as Black, Hispanic, and Asian had decreased odds of having gastroenterological autoimmune diseases (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.76), neurological autoimmune diseases (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.83), and systemic autoimmune diseases (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.80), respectively, while Black individuals had increased odds of having systemic autoimmune diseases (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.81). Discussion The prevalence of autoimmune diseases varied among people with different primary psychotic disorders, and certain associations were modified by sex and race. Clinicians may consider additional screening for autoimmune diseases among individuals with psychosis.

Stria Vascularis Ultrastructural Pathology in the C3H/lpr Autoimmune Strain Mouse: A Potential Mechanism for Immune-Related Hearing Loss

1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilsa Schwartz ◽  
Sean O. McMenomey ◽  
Nancy J. Russell ◽  
Jane I. Morton ◽  
Dennis R. Trune
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Strain Mouse

The stria vascularis in the C3H/ lpr autoimmune strain mouse was ultrastructurally examined in order to better understand the potential mechanisms by which systemic autoimmune disease affects the ear. The inner ears from C3H/ lpr mice before disease onset and C3H/HeJ controls showed no apparent pathology. However, the stria vascularis from older C3H/ lpr mice after systemic autoimmune disease onset showed considerable intercellular edema around the stria capillaries and thickening of the capillary basement membrane, compared to controls. These observations suggest that perivascular abnormalities, which are the hallmark of systemic autoimmune diseases, may underlie the stria dysfunction and hearing loss seen in autoimmune diseases in humans.

scholarly journals Thymus and autoimmunity: capacity of the normal thymus to produce pathogenic self-reactive T cells and conditions required for their induction of autoimmune disease.

1990 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sakaguchi ◽  
N Sakaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Rheumatoid Factors ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Gastric Parietal Cells

BALB/c athymic nu/nu mice spontaneously developed organ-specific (gastritis, thyroiditis, oophoritis, or orchitis) and systemic (arteritis, glomerulonephritis, and polyarthritis) autoimmune diseases when transplanted with neonatal BALB/c thymuses. Transplantation of thymuses from adult BALB/c mice was far less effective in inducing histologically evident organ-specific autoimmune disease in nu/nu mice. Autoimmune disease developed, however, when adult thymuses were irradiated at a T cell-depleting dose before transplantation. Engrafting newborn thymuses into BALB/c mice T cell depleted by thymectomy, irradiation, and bone marrow transplantation produced similar organ-specific autoimmune disease as well, but thymus engrafting into T cell-nondepleted BALB/c mice (i.e., mice thymectomized as adults, but not irradiated) did not, despite the fact that transplanted thymuses grew well in both groups of mice. The mice with organ-specific autoimmune disease produced autoantibodies specific for the respective organ components, such as gastric parietal cells, thyroglobulins, oocytes, or sperm. The thymus-transplanted nu/nu mice also had hypergammaglobulinemia and developed anti-DNA autoantibodies, rheumatoid factors, and immune complexes in the circulation. These results indicate that: (a) the thymus of a murine strain that does not develop spontaneous autoimmune disease can produce pathogenic self-reactive T cells that mediate organ-specific and/or systemic autoimmune diseases; and (b) such self-reactive T cells, especially those mediating organ-specific autoimmune disease, spontaneously expand and cause autoimmune disease when released to the T cell-deficient or -eliminated periphery.

scholarly journals Exposure to silicates and systemic autoimmune-related outcomes in rodents: a systematic review

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. F. Janssen ◽  
Manosij Ghosh ◽  
Frauke Lemaire ◽  
K. Michael Pollard ◽  
Peter H. M. Hoet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Abstract Background Autoimmunity can result from the interplay between genetic background and effects of environmental and/or occupational exposure to hazardous materials. Several compounds, including silica dust, have been linked with systemic autoimmunity and systemic autoimmune diseases, based on epidemiological evidence. For asbestos, a strong link with systemic autoimmune diseases does not yet exist, however, several studies have documented features of autoimmunity following asbestos exposure. Even so, human studies are limited in their ability to identify and examine isolated exposures, making it difficult to demonstrate causation or to assess pathogenic mechanisms. Therefore, this systematic review examines the existing animal evidence regarding autoimmunity and exposure to silicates (silica and asbestos). Methods PubMed and EMBASE were systematically searched for peer-reviewed studies examining systemic autoimmune disease-related outcomes after silicate exposure in rodents. Literature databases were searched up to September 2021 for studies written in English and where the full text was available. Search strings were established based on a PECO (Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome) format. After title, abstract, and full-text screening, thirty-four studies were identified for further analysis. Quality assessment through ToxR tool and qualitative analysis of the results was performed. Results Although there was significant heterogeneity in the included studies in terms of exposure protocol and genetic background of the rodent models used, it was noted that both genetic background and exposure to silicates [(crystalline) silica and asbestos] are highly relevant to the development of (sub-) clinical systemic autoimmune disease. Conclusion Parallels were observed between the findings from the animal (this review) and human (epidemiological) studies, arguing that experimental animal models are valuable tools for examining exacerbation or development of autoimmune disease after silicate exposure. However, genetic background and synergism between exposures should be considered in future studies.

Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

2018 ◽  
pp. 425-442
Author(s):  
Rory M. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

This chapter guides the reader on the general principles, clinical manifestations, and evaluation of systemic autoimmune disease in hospitalized patients.

scholarly journals AB1051 KIKUCHI FUJIMOTO DISEASE, IS IT SLE?

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1815.3-1816
Author(s):  
J. Camins-Fàbregas ◽  
V. Ortiz-Santamaria ◽  
N. Busquets-Pérez ◽  
A. Cuervo ◽  
I. Cañas Alcántara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Necrotizing Lymphadenitis

Background:Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare entity characterized by adenopathies and fever. It raises a broad differential diagnosis that includes lymphoproliferative disorders, infections and systemic autoimmune diseases, and diagnostic confirmation is always by histology, which shows histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis. Although its course is generally benign and self-limited, it can be associated both at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up with systemic autoimmune diseases, the most frequent of which is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Objectives:To describre the clinical and analytical characteristics of patients diagnosed with KFD and the development of systemic autoimmune disease.Methods:Patients diagnosed with KFD during the 1990s and 2020s are collected in a regional hospital (Granollers General Hospital). The clinic is documented at the diagnosis of EKF, the appearance of systemic autoimmune disease during follow-up and its clinical and analytical characteristics.Results:A total of 7 patients with EKF were diagnosed. All of them women with a mean age at diagnosis of 30 years. Diagnosis was made in all cases with compatible clinical symptoms, fever and lymphadenopathy, and lymph node biopsy confirming histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis. At the time of diagnosis, a patient was also diagnosed with SLE. During the follow-up, 4 of the 6 remaining patients developed clinical manifestations compatible with SLE (3 of them with systemic manifestations and a case of subacute cutaneous lupus. The mean time of onset of SLE was 34 months (between 6 months and 5 years). All of them received treatment with hydroxychloroquine, with good response to treatment.The clinical and analytical characteristics are presented in Table 1 below.Conclusion:In our center, 5 of the 7 patients (71%) diagnosed with EKF developed manifestations compatible with SLE. The importance of the diagnosis of EKF lies precisely in the possible association with systemic autoimmune disease, the most common being SLE, so it is recommended that patients be monitored to identify those who develop associated autoimmune disease.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Feature Article: Altered morpho-functional features of bones in autoimmune disease-prone BXSB/MpJ-Yaa mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Namba ◽  
Osamu Ichii ◽  
Teppei Nakamura ◽  
Md Abdul Masum ◽  
Yuki Otani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Experimental Medicine ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Functional Features

Bones play crucial roles in motility, electrolyte metabolism, and immunity. Clinical cases have suggested bone dysfunction in several systemic autoimmune diseases. This study exhibited altered bone morpho-functions in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa as a murine autoimmune disease model. During clinical examinations, the serum Ca level was significantly higher in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa than the healthy control BXSB/MpJ at the early stage (two to four months), but that in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa decreased with advancing age. Further, the increase of urinary Ca with nephritis and white blood cells with mild anemia proceeded in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa with advancing age. The thyroid and parathyroid gland morphologies and serum parathormone level did not differ among strains, but the tibia was smaller in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa than in BXSB/MpJ especially during the late stage (six months). Histologically, osteoclasts and osteoblasts showed increased and decreased tendencies, respectively, in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa during the early stage, and osteoclasts and bone area significantly increased and decreased, respectively, compared with BXSB/MpJ at later stages. The bone morphological indices were affected by the expression of BXSB/MpJ- Yaa mutation genes and inflammatory genes in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa. In conclusion, systemic autoimmune diseases in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa are associated with the morpho-functional abnormalities of bones, calcium dynamics, and hematopoiesis, and each factor contributes to forming the phenotypes in this disease. Impact statement Bone disease, such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, increases because of the progression of an aging society. Autoimmune disease are important and predisposing factors for the pathogenesis of the bone disease; however, the pathological mechanism is unclear. We have demonstrated that systemic autoimmune disease in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa is closely associated with the morpho-functional abnormalities of bones including bone marrow and has complicated pathology. The abnormalities are characterized by altered regulations of serum calcium, anemia tendency, and hematopoiesis with increased WBCs and decreased PLs, short length and low mass of long bones, imbalance in the populations of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, and increased expression of candidate genes for causing and/or exacerbating their phenotypes. Therefore, BXSB/MpJ- Yaa serves as a model to elucidate bone phenotypes in systemic autoimmune disease that would be affected by the factors in the bone as well as the other immune and/or mineral metabolism organs both in human and experimental medicine.

scholarly journals Pleuropulmonary manifestations of systemic autoimmune diseases: An 84-case series analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 535-540
Author(s):  
Ruza Stevic ◽  
Ljudmila Nagorni-Obradovic ◽  
Dragica Pesut ◽  
Vesna Skodric-Trifunovic ◽  
Nikola Colic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Systemic Vasculitis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Histological Confirmation ◽  
Sixth Decade ◽  
Radiological Manifestation

Introduction. The systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD) can cause a variety of pulmonary and pleural abnormalities. The aim of this paper is to review clinical and radiological characteristics of a series of patients with a systemic autoimmune disease hospitalized at a tertiary level facility. Methods. In this retrospective study, we reviewed the clinical and imaging findings in patients diagnosed with SAD at the Teaching Hospital of Pulmonology during a nine-year period. Results. An 84-patient group (mean age of 53.8 years) consisted of 64 women and 20 men. Fifty-eight out of 84 patients suffered from collagen vascular disease (CVD) and 26/84 had systemic vasculitis. Fatigue was the dominant symptom (75.8% in CVD, and 69.2% in vasculitis). Cough, hemoptysis, and fever were more frequent in patients with vasculitis. Fibrosis was the most common radiological manifestation of CVD (26/58), followed by pleural effusion (18/58) and consolidation (10/58). Irregular opacities were dominant radiologic finding in vasculitis (10/26), followed by nodules (8/26). Histological confirmation of systemic autoimmune disease was obtained in 28.6% patients, in 58/84 patients the diagnosis was based on a positive serologic test and clinico-radiological manifestations, in two cases on clinical and radiological features according to defined criteria. Conclusion. Pleuropulmonary manifestations of SAD are usually expressed in the sixth decade of life, predominantly in women. Clinical findings and positive serologic tests suggest diagnosis of SAD. Fibrosis is the most common radiologic pattern found in almost one half of the patients with CVD and irregular opacities are the most common findings in vasculitis.

scholarly journals Exploring Systemic Autoimmunity in Thyroid Disease Subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thushani Siriwardhane ◽  
Karthik Krishna ◽  
Vinodh Ranganathan ◽  
Vasanth Jayaraman ◽  
Tianhao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Follow Up Study

Introduction. Individuals with one autoimmune disease are at risk of developing a second autoimmune disease, but the pathogenesis or the sequential occurrence of multiple autoimmune diseases has not been established yet. In this study, we explored the association and sequential occurrence of antibodies in thyroid disease and systemic autoimmune disease subjects. We evaluated thyroid hormones, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid autoantibodies, anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO), and anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) to comprehend the association with systemic autoimmune autoantibodies, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), and autoantibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) in subjects with thyroid-related symptoms. Methods. A total of 14825 subjects with thyroid-related symptoms were tested at Vibrant America Clinical Laboratory for thyroid markers (TSH, FT4, anti-TPO, and anti-Tg) and an autoimmune panel (ANA panel and ENA-11 profile) from March 2016 to May 2018. Thyroid-positive (based on TSH and FT4 levels), anti-TPO-positive, and anti-Tg-positive subjects were assessed for the prevalence of ANA and anti-ENA antibodies. A 2-year follow-up study was conducted to assess the sequential order of appearance of autoimmune markers in thyroid and systemic autoimmune diseases. Results. In the retrospective analysis, 343/1671 (20.5%), 2037/11235 (18.1%), and 1658/9349 (17.7%) of thyroid+, anti-TPO+, and anti-Tg+ subjects were found to be seropositive for ANA. Anti-ENA was detected in a higher prevalence than ANA with 475/1671 (28.4%), 3063/11235 (27.3%), and 2511/9349 (26.9%) in the same groups of subjects, respectively. Our results are found to be much higher than the reported prevalence of anti-ENA in general population. During the 2-year follow-up study, anti-TPO appeared significantly earlier than ANA and anti-ENA in an average of 253 (±139) and 227 (±127) days, respectively. Conclusions. A high prevalence of anti-ENA and ANA was found to be coexisting with autoimmune thyroid disease subjects, with anti-TPO occurring prior to the onset of ANA and anti-ENA. Therefore, frequent follow-ups and evaluation of ANA and anti-ENA in subjects with anti-TPO positivity would be beneficial in early detection of other systemic autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals False Positive ANA Testing In The Setting Of Hypovitaminosis D

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Philip V Peplow ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with autoimmune diseases, which include systemic lupus erythematosus, and may affect the outcome and activity of these diseases that result from aberrant activation of the immune system. Patients with the systemic autoimmune diseases may have a positive blood test for Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA). The ANA test is very sensitive for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases but results in many false positives. It has been reported that up to 15% of completely healthy individuals have a positive ANA test without an autoimmune disease and that ANAs are measurable in approximately 25% of the population. Only about 10-13% of persons with a positive ANA test are found to have lupus. Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is prevalent in patients with autoimmune disease and vitamin supplementation has a therapeutic effect on disease severity and progression. Though there are many studies supporting the clinical picture that lupus patients are more prone to vitamin D deficiency, there are only a few articles that have considered the possibility that hypovitaminosis D is associated with false positive ANA testing. A case of an anemic patient who was initially evaluated and managed as a case of lupus is presented.

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