scholarly journals Longitudinal Cognitive Performance in Individuals at Ultrahigh Risk for Psychosis: A 10-year Follow-up

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1101-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Allott ◽  
Stephen J Wood ◽  
Hok Pan Yuen ◽  
Alison R Yung ◽  
Barnaby Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract It remains unclear whether the onset of psychosis is associated with deterioration in cognitive performance. The aim of this study was to examine the course of cognitive performance in an ultrahigh risk (UHR) cohort, and whether change in cognition is associated with transition to psychosis and change in functioning. Consecutive admissions to Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation (PACE) Clinic between May 1994 and July 2000 who had completed a comprehensive cognitive assessment at baseline and follow-up were eligible (N = 80). Follow-up ranged from 7.3 to 13.4 years (M = 10.4 years; SD = 1.5). In the whole sample, significant improvements were observed on the Similarities (P = .03), Information (P < .01), Digit Symbol Coding (P < .01), and Trail Making Test-B (P = .01) tasks, whereas performance on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Trials 1–3) declined significantly (P < .01) over the follow-up period. Change in performance on cognitive measures was not significantly associated with transition status. Taking time to transition into account, those who transitioned after 1 year showed significant decline on Digit Symbol Coding, whereas those who did not transition improved on this measure (P = .01; effect size [ES] = 0.85). Small positive correlations were observed between improvements in functioning and improvements in performance on Digit Symbol Coding and Arithmetic (0.24, P = .03 and 0.28, P = .01, respectively). In summary, the onset of psychosis was not associated with deterioration in cognitive ability. However, specific findings suggest that immediate verbal learning and memory, and processing speed may be relevant domains for future risk models and early intervention research in UHR individuals.

scholarly journals The relationship between neuropsychological performance and depression in patients with traumatic brain injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorjehan Joosub ◽  
Nafisa Cassimjee ◽  
Annelies Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
The Relationship

Traumatic brain injury is a multi-faceted condition that affects individuals on physical, cognitive, and emotional levels. The study investigated the relationship between depression and neuropsychological performance in a group with traumatic brain injury. A retrospective review was conducted on 75 participants who completed neuropsychological assessments. Information on clinical characteristics, sociodemographic information, neuropsychological outcomes, and Beck Depression Inventory scores were included in the analysis. Results indicated that 36% of the participants reported experiencing severe symptoms of depression, 28% moderate symptoms of depression, and 36% mild/minimal symptoms of depression. Performance on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test indicated inverse relationships with depression scores suggesting that traumatic brain injury patients with lower depression scores perform better on verbal memory tasks. Similarly, findings for the written and oral versions of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test reflected inverse correlations with depression scores, indicating that lower depression scores are correlated with increased processing speed and capacity. A significant positive association between the time taken to complete the Trail Making Test Trail A and Trail B and depression scores was found, suggesting that higher depression scores in this sample were related to slower performance speed and lower executive performance. When specific clinical and sociodemographic variables were included as covariates in a partial correlational analysis, neuropsychological performance indicators and depression scores remained significant for Symbol Digit Modalities Test (oral and written), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test Retrieval and Recognition trials, and Trail Making Test (Trail B). This study indicates that in a traumatic brain injury cohort, depression levels are significantly associated with specific neuropsychological performance measures. The findings of this study have implications for psychosocial treatment planning after a traumatic brain injury and contribute to our understandings of the inter-relationship between cognition and emotion.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Associations of Midlife Accelerometer Determined Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity With Cognitive Function: The CARDIA Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara M. Whitaker ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Kelley Pettee Gabriel ◽  
Monica Ahrens ◽  
Barbara Sternfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Symbol Substitution ◽  
Learning Test

Background To determine if accelerometer measured sedentary behavior (SED), light‐intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate‐to‐vigorous–intensity physical activity (MVPA) in midlife is prospectively associated with cognitive function. Methods and Results Participants were 1970 adults enrolled in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study who wore an accelerometer in 2005 to 2006 (ages 38–50 years) and had cognitive function assessments completed 5 and/or 10 years later. SED, LPA, and MVPA were measured by an ActiGraph 7164 accelerometer. Cognitive function tests included the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and Stroop Test. Compositional isotemporal substitution analysis examined associations of SED, LPA, and MVPA with repeated measures of the cognitive function standardized scores. In men, statistical reallocation of 30 minutes of LPA with 30 minutes of MVPA resulted in an estimated difference of SD 0.07 (95% CI, 0.01–0.14), SD 0.09 (95% CI, 0.02–0.17), and SD −0.11 (95% CI, −0.19 to −0.04) in the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and Stroop scores, respectively, indicating better performance. Associations were similar when reallocating time in SED with MVPA, but results were less robust. Reallocation of time in SED with LPA resulted in an estimated difference of SD −0.05 (95% CI, −0.06 to −0.03), SD −0.03 (95% CI, −0.05 to −0.01), and SD 0.05 (95% CI, 0.03– 0.07) in the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and Stroop scores, respectively, indicating worse performance. Associations were largely nonsignificant among women. Conclusions Our findings support the idea that for men, higher‐intensity activities (MVPA) may be necessary in midlife to observe beneficial associations with cognition.

scholarly journals Impaired Recent Verbal Memory in Pornography-Addicted Juvenile Subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pukovisa Prawiroharjo ◽  
Hainah Ellydar ◽  
Peter Pratama ◽  
Rizki Edmi Edison ◽  
Sitti Evangeline Imelda Suaidy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Pornography Addiction ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Figure Test

We aimed to find the differences in memory capabilities between pornography-addicted and nonaddicted juveniles. We enrolled 30 juveniles (12–16 y) consisting of 15 pornography addiction and 15 nonaddiction subjects. We used Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) to measure verbal memory, Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT) for visual memory, along with Trail Making Test A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B) for attention. We found a significant reduction in the RAVLT A6 result of the addiction group (nonaddiction vs addiction: 13.47 ± 2.00 vs 11.67 ± 2.44, MD = −1.80, p=0.04), but not in ROCFT or attention tests. Analysis in sex subgroups yielded no sex-specific difference. We concluded that pornography addiction may be associated with impaired recent verbal memory in juveniles, regardless of sex and without association to attention.

scholarly journals Cognitive decline affects diabetic women

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Perzyński ◽  
Iwona Chmiel-Perzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractIntroduction: DM provokes peripheral complications and changes in central nervous system. Central changes in the course of diabetes mellitus (DM) include changes in brain tissue structure, electrophysiological abnormalities but also disturbances in neurotransmission leading to cognitive decline.Aim of the study: The aim of our study was to asses cognitive functioning of patients suffering from DM1 for at least 5 years but without any diagnosed complications.Materials and methods: Cognitive functions were assessed in 59 patients (35 men) with Trail Making Test A (TMT A) and B (TMT B), Maze Test (MT), Stroop Test (SCWT) and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Mental disorders were excluded with Beck’s Depression Inventory (BT), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and psychiatric examination.Results: We stated that women, compared with men, presented worsening of executive functions, speed and motor control. Cognitive decline depended on number of episodes of at least moderate hypoglycemia and duration of disease. HbA1c below 8% resulted in better memory, speed and motor control. Cognitive decline was more escalated in the patients with atherogenic lipid profile.Conclusions: It seems that even apparent lack of complications is not unambiguous with lack of cognitive decline and women seem to be more susceptible. DM1 affects young individuals, whose cognitive functions are in the course of the development, so it is important to find the underlying mechanisms and the areas of disturbed cognitive functioning and further investigations are needed.

scholarly journals Impaired cognition in depression and Alzheimer (AD): a gradient from depression to depression in AD

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 671-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narahyana Bom de Araujo ◽  
Helena Sales Moraes ◽  
Heitor Silveira ◽  
Cynthia Arcoverde ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Vasques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Learning Test

Objective To assess cognition in major depressed (MD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and depression in AD elderly. Method Subjects were evaluated by Mini Mental, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Rey Complex Figure, Digit Span, Similarities, Trail Making A/B, Verbal Fluency and Stroop. One-way ANOVA and multivariate models were used to compare the performance of each group on neuropsychological tests. Results We evaluated 212 subjects. Compared to MD, attention, working memory, processing speed and recall showed significantly better in controls. Controls showed significantly higher performance in all cognitive measures, except in attention compared to AD. Verbal fluency, memory, processing speed and abstract reasoning in MD was significantly higher compared to AD. AD was significantly better in general cognitive state than depression in AD. All other cognitive domains were similar. Conclusion A decreasing gradient in cognition appeared from the control to depression in AD, with MD and AD in an intermediate position.

Error Analysis in Neuropsychological Assessment of Verbal Memory and Learning

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Heubrock
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
Memory And Learning ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Learning Test

Performance on a German version of the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) was investigated for 64 juvenile patients who were subdivided in 6 clinical groups. In addition to standard evaluation of AVLT protocols which is usually confined to items recalled correctly, an error analysis was performed. Differentiating between total errors (TE), repetition errors (RE), and misnamings (ME), substantial differences between clinical groups could be demonstrated. It is argued that error analysis of verbal memory and learning enriches the understanding of neuropsychological syndromes, and provides additional information for diagnostic and clinical use. Thus, it is possible to gain a more accurate picture so that patients can be appropriately retrained, and research into the functional causes of memory and learning disorders can be intensified.

scholarly journals Differentiating Functional Cognitive Disorder from Early Neurodegeneration: A Clinic-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Harriet A. Ball ◽  
Marta Swirski ◽  
Margaret Newson ◽  
Elizabeth J. Coulthard ◽  
Catherine M. Pennington
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Validity Tests

Functional cognitive disorder (FCD) is a relatively common cause of cognitive symptoms, characterised by inconsistency between symptoms and observed or self-reported cognitive functioning. We aimed to improve the clinical characterisation of FCD, in particular its differentiation from early neurodegeneration. Two patient cohorts were recruited from a UK-based tertiary cognitive clinic, diagnosed following clinical assessment, investigation and expert multidisciplinary team review: FCD, (n = 21), and neurodegenerative Mild Cognitive Impairment (nMCI, n = 17). We separately recruited a healthy control group (n = 25). All participants completed an assessment battery including: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B); Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2RF). In comparison to healthy controls, the FCD and nMCI groups were equally impaired on trail making, immediate recall, and recognition tasks; had equally elevated mood symptoms; showed similar aberration on a range of personality measures; and had similar difficulties on inbuilt performance validity tests. However, participants with FCD performed significantly better than nMCI on HVLT-R delayed free recall and retention (regression coefficient −10.34, p = 0.01). Mood, personality and certain cognitive abilities were similarly altered across nMCI and FCD groups. However, those with FCD displayed spared delayed recall and retention, in comparison to impaired immediate recall and recognition. This pattern, which is distinct from that seen in prodromal neurodegeneration, is a marker of internal inconsistency. Differentiating FCD from nMCI is challenging, and the identification of positive neuropsychometric features of FCD is an important contribution to this emerging area of cognitive neurology.

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