scholarly journals A Meta-analysis of Retinal Cytoarchitectural Abnormalities in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Lizano ◽  
Deepthi Bannai ◽  
Olivia Lutz ◽  
Leo A Kim ◽  
John Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Mean Differences

Abstract Background Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are characterized by reductions in gray matter and white matter. Limitations in brain imaging have led researchers to use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to explore retinal imaging biomarkers of brain pathology. We examine the retinal layers that may be associated with SZ or BD. Methods Articles identified using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Database. Twelve studies met inclusion for acutely/chronically ill patients. We used fixed or random effects meta-analysis for probands (SZ and BD), SZ or BD eyes vs healthy control (HC) eyes. We adjusted for sources of bias, cross-validated results, and report standardized mean differences (SMD). Statistical analysis performed using meta package in R. Results Data from 820 proband eyes (SZ = 541, BD = 279) and 904 HC eyes were suitable for meta-analysis. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) showed significant thinning in SZ and BD eyes compared to HC eyes (n = 12, SMD = −0.74, −0.51, −1.06, respectively). RNFL thinning was greatest in the nasal, temporal, and superior regions. The combined peripapillary ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL) showed significant thinning in SZ and BD eyes compared to HC eyes (n = 4, SMD = −0.39, −0.44, −0.28, respectively). No statistically significant differences were identified in other retinal or choroidal regions. Clinical variables were unrelated to the RNFL or GCL-IPL thickness by meta-regression. Conclusion The observed retinal layer thinning is consistent with the classic gray- and white-matter atrophy observed on neuroimaging in SZ and BD patients. OCT may be a useful biomarker tool in studying the neurobiology of psychosis.

scholarly journals Inner and outer retinal layer thickness alterations in pediatric and juvenile craniopharyngioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ga-In Lee ◽  
Kyung-Ah Park ◽  
Sei Yeul Oh ◽  
Doo-Sik Kong ◽  
Sang Duk Hong
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Photoreceptor Layer ◽  
Chiasmal Compression

AbstractWe evaluated postoperative retinal thickness in pediatric and juvenile craniopharyngioma (CP) patients with chiasmal compression using optical coherence tomography (OCT) auto-segmentation. We included 18 eyes of 18 pediatric or juvenile patients with CP and 20 healthy controls. Each thickness of the macular retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, and photoreceptor layer was compared between the CP patients and healthy controls. There was significant thinning in the macular RNFL (estimates [μm], superior, − 10.68; inferior, − 7.24; nasal, − 14.22), all quadrants of GCL (superior, − 16.53; inferior, − 14.37; nasal, − 24.34; temporal, − 9.91) and IPL (superior, − 11.45; inferior, − 9.76; nasal, − 15.25; temporal, − 4.97) in pediatric and juvenile CP patients postoperatively compared to healthy control eyes after adjusting for age and refractive errors. Thickness reduction in the average and nasal quadrant of RNFL, GCL, and IPL was associated with peripapillary RNFL thickness, and reduced nasal quadrant GCL and IPL thicknesses were associated with postoperative visual field defects. In pediatric and juvenile patients with CP, decreased inner retinal layer thickness following chiasmal compression was observed. The changes in retinal structures were closely related to peripapillary RNFL thinning and functional outcomes.

scholarly journals Morphology of Inner Retina in Rhesus Monkeys of Various Ages: A Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingfei Chen ◽  
Qihui Luo ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Wen Zeng ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Inner Retina ◽  
Biological Studies

Purpose. To investigate the changes of thickness in each layer, the morphology and density of inner neurons in rhesus monkeys’ retina at various growth stages, thus contribute useful data for further biological studies. Methods. The thickness of nerve fiber layer (NFL), the whole retina, inner plexiform layer (IPL), and outer plexiform layer (OPL) of rhesus monkeys at different ages were observed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The morphology and the density of inner neurons of rhesus monkey retina were detected by immunofluorescence. Results. The retina showed the well-known ten layers, the thickness of each retinal layer in rhesus monkeys at various ages increased rapidly after infant, and the retina was the thickest in adulthood, but the retinal thickness stop growing in senescent. Quantitative analysis showed that the maximum density of inner neurons was reached in adolescent, and then, the density of inner neurons decreased in adults and senescent retinas. And some changes in the morphology of rod bipolar cells have occurred in senescent. Conclusions. The structure of retina in rhesus monkeys is relatively immature at infant, and the inner retina of rhesus monkeys is mature in adolescent, while the thickness of each retinal layer was the most developed in the adult group. There was no significant change in senescence for the thickness of each retinal layer, but the number of the neurons in our study has a decreasing trend and the morphological structure has changed.

scholarly journals Multicenter reliability of semiautomatic retinal layer segmentation using OCT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. e449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timm Oberwahrenbrock ◽  
Ghislaine L. Traber ◽  
Sebastian Lukas ◽  
Iñigo Gabilondo ◽  
Rachel Nolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Automated Segmentation ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Manual Correction

ObjectiveTo evaluate the inter-rater reliability of semiautomated segmentation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) macular volume scans.MethodsMacular OCT volume scans of left eyes from 17 subjects (8 patients with MS and 9 healthy controls) were automatically segmented by Heidelberg Eye Explorer (v1.9.3.0) beta-software (Spectralis Viewing Module v6.0.0.7), followed by manual correction by 5 experienced operators from 5 different academic centers. The mean thicknesses within a 6-mm area around the fovea were computed for the retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer (OPL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for mean layer thickness values. Spatial distribution of ICC values for the segmented volume scans was investigated using heat maps.ResultsAgreement between raters was good (ICC > 0.84) for all retinal layers, particularly inner retinal layers showed excellent agreement across raters (ICC > 0.96). Spatial distribution of ICC showed highest values in the perimacular area, whereas the ICCs were poorer for the foveola and the more peripheral macular area. The automated segmentation of the OPL and ONL required the most correction and showed the least agreement, whereas differences were less prominent for the remaining layers.ConclusionsAutomated segmentation with manual correction of macular OCT scans is highly reliable when performed by experienced raters and can thus be applied in multicenter settings. Reliability can be improved by restricting analysis to the perimacular area and compound segmentation of GCL and IPL.

scholarly journals Comparison of Individual Retinal Layer Thicknesses after Epiretinal Membrane Surgery with or without Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chul Hee Lee ◽  
Min Woo Lee ◽  
Eun Young Choi ◽  
Suk Ho Byeon ◽  
Sung Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epiretinal Membrane ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Internal Limiting Membrane ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Ilm Peeling ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Layer Segmentation

Purpose. To compare changes in the retinal layer thickness and visual outcomes in patients undergoing epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery with or without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. Methods. Seventy-six eyes of 76 patients who underwent ERM surgery from January 2013 to March 2015 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea, were analyzed. While ERM removal with ILM peeling was performed in ILM peeling (P) group (n=39), ILM peeling was not performed in non-ILM peeling (NP) group (n=37). Retinal layer segmentation was performed using optical coherence tomography images. Individual retinal layer thicknesses before and at 6 months after ERM surgery were compared. The postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was also compared. Results. In the P group, the thicknesses of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), and inner plexiform layer (IPL) were significantly reduced. In the NP group, significant decreases in the RNFL, GCL, IPL, inner nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer were observed. The P group manifested a greater mean postoperative GCL (35.56 ± 1.53 µm vs 29.86 ± 2.16 µm; p=0.033) and less loss of GCL (−10.26 ± 1.91 µm vs −19.86 ± 2.74 µm; p=0.004) compared to the NP group. No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing the changes in BCVA. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that ILM peeling for ERM surgery may result in better preservation of GCL compared to no ILM peeling.

scholarly journals Retinal Sensitivity and Ganglion Cell-Related Retinal Layer Thickness in the Normal Aging Process 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Araie ◽  
Makoto Fujii ◽  
Yuko Ohno ◽  
Yuki Tanaka ◽  
Tsutomu Kikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness ◽  
Ocular Media

Abstract Aging-associated changes in visual field (VF) sensitivity were compared prospectively and longitudinally with the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPLT) changes in the corresponding retinal areas of the same eyes (72 eyes of 37 normal Japanese subjects; mean age, 51.3 years). The Humphrey Field Analyzer 24-2 test (HFA 24-2) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) measurements of the cpRNFLT and GCIPLT in a 0.6-mm-diameter circle corresponding to the four central points of HFA 24-2 adjusted for retinal ganglion cell displacement (GCIPLT4TestPoints) were performed every 3 months for 3 years. The tiem changes of the mean sensitivity over the entire field (VFmean) and the four central points (VF4TestPoints), cpRNFLT, and GCIPLT4TestPoints were analyzed using a linear mixed model. The aging-associated decline rates of VFmean and VF4TestPoins were 0.12 and 0.19 decibels/year (p<0.001), which significantly accelerated with increased subjects’ age (0.009 and 0.010 decibels/year, p<0.001, respectively) without changes in the ocular media. Those of the CpRNFLT and GCIPLT4TestPoints were not significant in both (p>0.114), but significantly accelerated with increased subjects’ age (0.021 and 0.010 mm/year, p=0.001 and 0.004, respectively). These results have implications in studying physiological aging- or desease-related changes in these parameters.

scholarly journals Cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis is associated with atrophy of the inner retinal layers

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danko Coric ◽  
Lisanne J Balk ◽  
Merike Verrijp ◽  
Anand Eijlers ◽  
Menno M Schoonheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Background: Inner retinal layer (IRL) atrophy is a potential biomarker for neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To investigate the relationship between cognitive impairment and IRL atrophy in MS. Methods: Cross-sectional study design, including 217 patients and 59 healthy controls. Subjects were investigated clinically, underwent retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) and comprehensive cognitive assessments. The association between these modalities was evaluated by regression analyses. Results: Of the patients, 44.2% were cognitively impaired. In the absence of multiple sclerosis–associated optic neuritis (MSON), cognitively impaired patients had a significantly lower mean peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL, Δ: 8.13 µm, p < 0.001) and mean macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL, Δ: 11.50 µm, p < 0.001) thickness compared to cognitively preserved patients. There was a significant association between the presence of cognitive impairment and pRNFL (odds ratio (OR): 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.18, p = 0.001) and mGCIPL (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.05–1.18, p < 0.001) atrophy. This association was masked by the severe IRL atrophy seen following MSON. Conclusion: The strong relationship between cognitive impairment across multiple cognitive domains and atrophy of the pRNFL and mGCIPL in patients who never suffered from MSON suggests that OCT is useful in assessing central nervous system neurodegeneration in MS.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Macular Inner Retinal Layer Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Optic Tract Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Katsutoshi Goto ◽  
Atsushi Miki ◽  
Tsutomu Yamashita ◽  
Syunsuke Araki ◽  
Go Takizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Optic Tract ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Swept Source

Objective. To evaluate macular inner retinal layers using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in patients with homonymous hemianopia due to optic tract syndrome (OTS). Methods. Sixteen eyes of 8 patients with OTS were studied. The macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCL + IPL), and mRNFL and GCL + IPL (GCC) were measured by SS-OCT (DRI OCT-1 Atlantis®).The scanned area was divided into eight regions and two hemiretinae. Each retinal thickness of the OTS group was compared with that of the 25 control subjects. Results. The GCC thickness in the ipsilateral eyes was significantly reduced in all regions, although predominant thinning of the GCC in the contralateral eyes was found in the nasal region. The GCC + IPL thickness was preferentially reduced at the temporal regions in the ipsilateral eyes and at the nasal regions in the contralateral eyes. The reduction rate of the GCL + IPL thickness was 29.6% at the temporal hemiretina in the ipsilateral eyes and 35.2% at the nasal hemiretina in the contralateral eyes. Conclusion. We found preferential loss of the GCC + IPL thickness corresponding to the hemifield defects in each eye. Quantitative analysis by SS-OCT is capable of detecting the characteristic RGC loss due to OTS.

scholarly journals Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography for Longitudinal Monitoring of Postnatal Retinal Development

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangying Ma ◽  
Jie Ding ◽  
Tae-Hoon Kim ◽  
Xincheng Yao
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Retinal Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fiber Layer

A better study of the postnatal retinal development is not only essential for the in-depth understanding of the nature of the vision system but also may provide insights for treatment developments of eye conditions, such as retinopathy of premature (ROP). To date, quantitative analysis of postnatal retinal development is primarily limited to endpoint histological examination. This study is to validate in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) for longitudinal monitoring of postnatal retinal development in developing mouse eyes. Three-dimensional (3D) frame registration and super averaging were adopted to investigate the fine structure of the retina. Interestingly, a hyporeflective layer (HRL) between the nerve fiber layer (NFL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) was observed in developing eyes and gradually disappeared with aging. To interpret the observed retinal layer kinetics, a model based on eyeball expansion, cell apoptosis, and retinal structural modification was proposed.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Changes in Retinal Thickness in Eyes Undergoing Vitrectomy with Silicone Oil Tamponade

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 969-975
Author(s):  
Jae Hyun Kim ◽  
Yo Sep Yoon ◽  
Je Moon Woo ◽  
Jung Kee Min
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Silicone Oil Tamponade ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Purpose: To investigate changes in the retinal layer thickness in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and intraocular foreign body (IOFB) patients undergoing successful pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil tamponade. Methods: This retrospective study included 28 eyes of 28 patients (RRD: 24 patients; IOFB: 4 patients) that were successfully repaired with PPV with silicone oil tamponade. The thickness measurements of the total retina, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) were performed with swept-source optical coherence tomography in nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study subfields, using the wide three-dimensional mode before and after silicone oil tamponade removal. The measurements were compared and differences were analyzed with respect to normal fellow eyes. Results: The RNFL and GC-IPL thickness measurements decreased remarkably as the silicone oil tamponade period progressed, compared with the thickness of the total retinal layer. The average thicknesses of the total retina, RNFL, and GC-IPL were significantly greater in eyes in which the silicone oil had been removed than in those in which the silicone oil remained. Conclusions: Silicone oil tamponade can change the thickness of the retina layer. The longer the silicone oil is tamponaded, the more significant the reduction in thickness of the inner retinal layer.

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