Myriad post-Myriad

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubha Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Brca1 And Brca2 ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Synthetic Dna ◽  
The Us ◽  
Myriad Genetics ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Primers

Abstract The US Supreme Court’s 2013 decision, holding patent claims to isolated, endogenous deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences to be invalid, seemed to have limited negative impact on Myriad Genetics whose patent on the isolated BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were at the heart of the case. This article explains this minimal impact in two ways. First, the Court’s decision still left synthetic DNA patentable, leaving that as a fruitful source for commercialization by companies like Myriad. The Federal Circuit’s subsequent decision, however, invalidated Myriad’s product claims over the synthetic polymerase chain reaction primers based on the isolated DNA sequences. Second, the Court’s decision did not address the patentability of mined genetic data for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This field of genetic data mining is precisely where Myriad has moved in its patenting activity.

scholarly journals A set of experimentally validated, mutually orthogonal primers for combinatorially specifying genetic components

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subu K Subramanian ◽  
William P Russ ◽  
Rama Ranganathan
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Gene Synthesis ◽  
Modular Architecture ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Primers ◽  
Microarray Chips

Abstract The design and synthesis of novel genes and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences is a central technique in synthetic biology. Current methods of high throughput gene synthesis use pooled oligonucleotides obtained from custom-designed DNA microarray chips, and rely on orthogonal (non-interacting) polymerase chain reaction primers to specifically de-multiplex, by amplification, the precise subset of oligonucleotides necessary to assemble a full length gene. The availability of a large validated set of mutually orthogonal primers is therefore a crucial reagent for high-throughput gene synthesis. Here, we present a set of 166 20-nucleotide primers that are experimentally verified to be non-interacting, capable of specifying 13 695 unique genes. These primers represent a valuable resource to the synthetic biology community for specifying genetic components that can be assembled through a scalable and modular architecture.

scholarly journals DMSO Improves the Ski-Slope Effect in Direct PCR

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1943
Author(s):  
Joo-Young Kim ◽  
Ju Yeon Jung ◽  
Da-Hye Kim ◽  
Seohyun Moon ◽  
Won-Hae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Direct Pcr ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Specific Amplification ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Dna Profiles

Analytical techniques such as DNA profiling are widely used in various fields, including forensic science, and novel technologies such as direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification are continuously being developed in order to acquire DNA profiles efficiently. However, non-specific amplification may occur depending on the quality of the crime scene evidence and amplification methods employed. In particular, the ski-slope effect observed in direct PCR amplification has led to inaccurate interpretations of the DNA profile results. In this study, we aimed to reduce the ski-slope effect by using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in direct PCR. We confirmed that DMSO (3.75%, v/v) increased the amplification yield of large-sized DNA sequences more than that of small-sized ones. Using 50 Korean buccal samples, we further demonstrated that DMSO reduced the ski-slope effect in direct PCR. These results suggest that the experimental method developed in this study is suitable for direct PCR and may help to successfully obtain DNA profiles from various types of evidence at crime scenes.

Using a Polymerase Chain Reaction as a Complementary Test to Improve the Detection of Dermatophyte Fungus in Nails

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Iglesias Sánchez ◽  
Ana María Pérez Pico ◽  
Félix Marcos Tejedor ◽  
María Jesús Iglesias Sánchez ◽  
Raquel Mayordomo Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Traditional Procedure ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background Dermatomycoses are a group of pathologic abnormalities frequently seen in clinical practice, and their prevalence has increased in recent decades. Diagnostic confirmation of mycotic infection in nails is essential because there are several pathologic conditions with similar clinical manifestations. The classical method for confirming the presence of fungus in nail is microbiological culture and the identification of morphological structures by microscopy. Methods We devised a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that amplifies specific DNA sequences of dermatophyte fungus that is notably faster than the 3 to 4 weeks that the traditional procedure takes. We compared this new technique and the conventional plate culture method in 225 nail samples. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. Results We found concordance in 78.2% of the samples analyzed by the two methods and increased sensitivity when simultaneously using the two methods to analyze clinical samples. Now we can confirm the presence of dermatophyte fungus in most of the positive samples in just 24 hours, and we have to wait for the result of culture only in negative PCR cases. Conclusions Although this PCR cannot, at present, substitute for the traditional culture method in the detection of dermatophyte infection of the nails, it can be used as a complementary technique because its main advantage lies in the significant reduction of time used for diagnosis, in addition to higher sensitivity.

scholarly journals Hospital-Based Donor Recruitment and Predonation Serologic Testing for COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Balcerek ◽  
Evelin Trejo ◽  
Kendall Levine ◽  
Paul Couey ◽  
Zoe V Kornberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donation ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serologic Testing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Igg Level ◽  
Donor Recruitment ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Objectives Serologic testing for antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in potential donors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP) may not be performed until after blood donation. A hospital-based recruitment program for CCP may be an efficient way to identify potential donors prospectively Methods Patients who recovered from known or suspected COVID-19 were identified and recruited through medical record searches and public appeals in March and April 2020. Participants were screened with a modified donor history questionnaire and, if eligible, were asked for consent and tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG and IgM). Participants positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG were referred for CCP collection. Results Of 179 patients screened, 128 completed serologic testing and 89 were referred for CCP donation. IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 23 of 51 participants with suspected COVID-19 and 66 of 77 participants with self-reported COVID-19 confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The anti–SARS-CoV-2 IgG level met the US Food and Drug Administration criteria for “high-titer” CCP in 39% of participants confirmed by PCR, as measured by the Ortho VITROS IgG assay. A wide range of SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were observed. Conclusions A hospital-based CCP donor recruitment program can prospectively identify potential CCP donors. Variability in SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels has implications for the selection of CCP units for transfusion.

scholarly journals A New Statistic for Detecting Genetic Differentiation

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 2011-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Island Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Infinite Sites Model ◽  
Parameter Values

Abstract A new statistic for detecting genetic differentiation of subpopulations is described. The statistic can be calculated when genetic data are collected on individuals sampled from two or more localities. It is assumed that haplotypic data are obtained, either in the form of DNA sequences or data on many tightly linked markers. Using a symmetric island model, and assuming an infinite-sites model of mutation, it is found that the new statistic is as powerful or more powerful than previously proposed statistics for a wide range of parameter values.

Polymerase chain reaction based mapping of rye involving repeated DNA sequences

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Rogowsky ◽  
Ken W. Shepherd ◽  
Peter Langridge
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Repeated Dna ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Marker ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Repeated Dna Sequences ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A novel type of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) marker was developed for the mapping of cereal rye (Secale cereale). Primer pairs were synthesized targeting the insertion sites of three individual copies of the R173 family of rye specific repeated DNA sequences. While one primer was derived from a sequence within the respective R173 element, the second primer corresponded to a flanking region. The complex banding patterns obtained in rye allowed not only the mapping of the three R173 elements to certain chromosome regions of 1RS (the short arm of rye chromosome 1) but also the mapping of an additional 3–10 easily identifiable bands per primer pair to other rye chromosomes. Linkage mapping of a polymorphic 1R band derived from three rye cultivars demonstrated the presence of nonallelic, dominant markers in two independent crosses. Because of the high copy number of the R173 family (15 000 copies per diploid rye genome), its dispersion over the entire length of all chromosomes and the high number of markers obtained per primer pair, PCR markers based on the R173 family provide an almost unlimited source for well-spaced markers in rye mapping.Key words: polymerase chain reaction, mapping, repetitive DNA sequences, wheat, rye.

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