The Role of Stereotypes in Communication Between Ethnic Groups in the Philippines

Resolution of ethno-political conflicts in the Caucasus by political means is in a “deadlock”, and peaceful economic projects in conflict zones face political obstacles. The economic isolation of states and the fragmentation of the regional market impede the development of countries, and the resolution of conflicts is hampered by opposing strategic political vectors of regional states, that negatively affect their economic growth. In this context, the article states that when political tools are not sufficient for integration, economic and social goals should be rationalized for the purpose of cohabitation and coexistence of people of different ethnic groups and cultures in the region. In the article, the author attempts to investigate the role of economic and social events as factors for mitigating ethnopolitical conflicts; determines how the economization of conflicts can affect the integration processes and strategies of Georgia in relation to the breakaway republics.

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Language Use and Sustainable Development: Opportunities and Challenges for Policy-Makers and Educators in Northeast Vietnamese Areas

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE TEACHING AND EDUCATION ◽

10.22437/ijolte.v2i2.5048 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 122-130

Author(s):

Ha Ngan Ngo ◽

Maya Khemlani David

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Language Use ◽

Mother Tongue ◽

Language Shift ◽

Minority Languages ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

The Status ◽

Wedding Songs

Vietnam represents a country with 54 ethnic groups; however, the majority (88%) of the population are of Vietnamese heritage. Some of the other ethnic groups such as Tay, Thai, Muong, Hoa, Khmer, and Nung have a population of around 1 million each, while the Brau, Roman, and Odu consist only of a hundred people each. Living in northern Vietnam, close to the Chinese border (see Figure 1), the Tay people speak a language of the Central Tai language group called Though, T'o, Tai Tho, Ngan, Phen, Thu Lao, or Pa Di. Tay remains one of 10 ethnic languages used by 1 million speakers (Buoi, 2003). The Tày ethnic group has a rich culture of wedding songs, poems, dance, and music and celebrate various festivals. Wet rice cultivation, canal digging and grain threshing on wooden racks are part of the Tày traditions. Their villages situated near the foothills often bear the names of nearby mountains, rivers, or fields. This study discusses the status and role of the Tày language in Northeast Vietnam. It discusses factors, which have affected the habitual use of the Tay language, the connection between language shift and development and provides a model for the sustainability and promotion of minority languages. It remains fundamentally imperative to strengthen and to foster positive attitudes of the community towards the Tày language. Tày’s young people must be enlightened to the reality their Tày non-usage could render their mother tongue defunct, which means their history stands to be lost.

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Multidimensionl Poverty and The Role of Social Capital in Poverty Alleviation Among Ethnic Groups in Rural Vietnam: A Multilevel Analysis

Social Indicators Research ◽

10.1007/s11205-021-02747-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anh Thu Quang Pham ◽

Pundarik Mukhopadhaya

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Multilevel Analysis ◽

Poverty Alleviation

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Actualized inventory of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in Oaxaca, Mexico

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine ◽

10.1186/s13002-020-00431-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cruz-Pérez Alejandra Lucía ◽

Barrera-Ramos Jacqueline ◽

Bernal-Ramírez Luis Alberto ◽

Bravo-Avilez David ◽

Rendón-Aguilar Beatriz

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Original Data ◽

Risk Category ◽

Important Species ◽

Points Of View ◽

Almost All

Abstract Background Oaxaca is one of the most diverse states in Mexico from biological and cultural points of view. Different ethnic groups living there maintain deep and ancestral traditional knowledge of medicinal plants as well as traditional practices and beliefs about diseases/illnesses and cures. Previous ethnobotanical research in this state has helped document this knowledge, but with the addition of more studies, more records appear. We updated the inventory of medicinal knowledge between the different ethnic groups that inhabit the Oaxacan territory. Methods A database was constructed from two sources: (1) original data from a 3-year project in 84 municipalities of Oaxaca inhabited by eight ethnic groups and (2) different electronic databases. Results Records of 1032 medicinal plants were obtained; 164 families were registered, with Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae being the most commonly used. A total of 770 species were reported in 14 vegetation types; the most important species came from temperate forests. Only 144 species corresponded to introduced species, and 272 were listed in a risk category. Illnesses of the digestive and genitourinary systems as well as culture-bound syndromes were treated with high numbers of medicinal plants. The Mestizo, Mixe, Mixtec, and Zapotec ethnic groups exhibited the greatest number of recorded medicinal plants. The 17 species that were used among almost all ethnic groups in Oaxaca were also used to cure the highest number of diseases. Discussion Inventories of medicinal plants confirm the persistence of traditional knowledge and reflect the need to recognize and respect this cosmovision. Many species are gathered in wild environments. The most important illnesses or diseases recorded in the present inventory are also mentioned in different studies, suggesting that they are common health problems in the rural communities of Mexico. Conclusions Medicinal plants are essential for ethnic groups in Oaxaca. It is necessary to recognize and understand the complex ancestral processes involved in the human-nature interaction and the role of these processes in the conservation of biodiversity and in the survivorship of ethnic groups that have persisted for centuries. Finally, this study serves as a wake-up call to respect those worldviews.

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In vitro evaluation of broad-spectrum β-lactams in the Philippines medical centers: role of fourth-generation cephalosporins

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease ◽

10.1016/s0732-8893(99)00100-5 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 291-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

David M. Johnson ◽

Douglas J. Biedenbach ◽

Ronald N. Jones

Keyword(s):

Broad Spectrum ◽

The Philippines ◽

Fourth Generation ◽

In Vitro Evaluation ◽

Medical Centers

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Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale across 11 world-wide societies

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s204579601600038x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 430-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

D. Stevanovic ◽

Z. Bagheri ◽

O. Atilola ◽

P. Vostanis ◽

D. Stupar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Measurement Invariance ◽

Factor Model ◽

Child Anxiety ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Philippines ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Health Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression

Background.In order to compare estimates by one assessment scale across various cultures/ethnic groups, an important aspect that needs to be demonstrated is that its construct across these groups is invariant when measured using a similar and simultaneous approach (i.e., demonstrated cross-cultural measurement invariance). One of the methods for evaluating measurement invariance is testing for differential item functioning (DIF), which assesses whether different groups respond differently to particular items. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) in societies with different socioeconomic, cultural, and religious backgrounds.Methods.The study was organised by the International Child Mental Health Study Group. Self-reported data were collected from adolescents residing in 11 countries: Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Indonesia, Montenegro, Nigeria, Palestinian Territories, the Philippines, Portugal, Romania and Serbia. The multiple-indicators multiple-causes model was used to test the RCADS items for DIF across the countries.Results.Ten items exhibited DIF considering all cross-country comparisons. Only one or two items were flagged with DIF in the head-to-head comparisons, while there were three to five items flagged with DIF, when one country was compared with the others. Even with all cross-culturally non-invariant items removed from nine language versions tested, the original factor model representing six anxiety and depressive symptoms subscales was not significantly violated.Conclusions.There is clear evidence that relatively small number of the RCADS items is non-invariant, especially when comparing two different cultural/ethnic groups, which indicates on its sound cross-cultural validity and suitability for cross-cultural comparisons in adolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms.

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