Socio-environmental and psychosocial predictors of smoking susceptibility among adolescents with contrasting socio-cultural characteristics: a comparative analysis

Background Despite a steady decline in adolescent smoking globally, it remains a prevalent risk factor for non-communicable disease. Previous research points to differences in socio-environmental and psychosocial risk factors for smoking and how they vary across different settings with disparate social and cultural characteristics. As a result, smoking rates have remained disproportionately higher in some settings while decreasing in others. This study explored the socio-environmental and psychosocial risk factors for smoking susceptibility in a high-income and upper-middle income setting. Methods Cross-sectional data were obtained from 1,573 male and female adolescents aged 11-15 years who completed self-administered questionnaires in schools in Northern Ireland and Bogotá, Colombia. Using logistic regression analysis, we examined how socio-environmental and psychosocial predictors of smoking susceptibility compared across the two countries. Results In Northern Ireland, reduced odds of smoking susceptibility were significantly associated with less family smoking (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.41-1.00); having access to information about smoking in school (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59-0.96); negative attitudes towards smoking (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.23-0.51); higher levels of openness (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50-0.69); and higher levels of self-reported wellbeing (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.44-0.74). Increased odds of smoking susceptibility were associated with reporting less smoking of a mother (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.06-1.76); higher levels of extraversion (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.04-1.90); and receiving pocket money (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.06-1.37). In Bogotá, reduced odds of smoking susceptibility were significantly associated with reporting less smoking among friends (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76-0.98); higher levels of self-efficacy (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.40-0.83); greater perceived behavioural control to quit smoking (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56-0.90); and lower levels of truancy (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.52-0.92). In Bogotá, no factors were associated with increased odds of smoking susceptibility in the final model. Conclusions The findings illustrate that there were differences in predictors of adolescent smoking susceptibility across the two settings. By using a comparative approach we demonstrate that smoking interventions and policies must be sensitive to the cultural and normative context within which they are implemented.

Effect of Peer Promoters on Changes in Adolescent Smoking Knowledge and Attitudes: A School-based Intervention Study

Background: Smoking is currently a trend among youths, with the public emergence of new smokers shifting to this group. Aim:This study aims at analyzing the effect of peer promoters as communicators on the knowledge and smoking attitudes of junior high school adolescents. Methods:The quasi-experimental and non-equivalent control group designs were used. Furthermore, the respondents included 1062 students from two junior high schools in Makassar City, Indonesia, with 473 and 589 males and females, respectively. A total of 801 respondents had paired data (pre and post-test) consisting of 334 in the intervention and 467 in the control school.Paired t-test was used to measure the difference in the pretest and post-test scores of intervention and control schools. Independent t-test was used to determine mean difference between the pretest and post-test scores between intervention and the control schools. Results:The results showed that 18.4% (n = 1062) had smoked, with subtleties of 39.4% male and 1.5% female understudies. the knowledge score increase of 0.82 (p = 0.000) and 0.22 (p = 0.004) was observed in the intervention and control schools, respectively (n = 801). The attitude score also increased by 2.23 (p = 0.080) in the intervention and 2.51 (p = 0.000) in the control school (n = 801). Differences in the knowledge and attitude scores between both schools obtained a value of p = 0.004 and 0.766, respectively. Conclusion: education by peer promoters increase knowledge and change adolescent smoking attitudes indicated the promotion of school-based smoking behavior prevention efforts with intensive peer approach

Description of Smoking Behavior in Adolescents During The Covid-Pandemic

The behaviors that young people exhibit in the COVID-19 era are the strong behaviors in which the four information ants interviewed have different behaviors in the experience, expectations, the number of cigarettes, and the type of cigarettes consumed. Smoking behavior is one form of behavior encountered in people's lives and can be found in various places such as in crowded places, streets, city buses, hospitals, schools, and so on. A smoking habit can cause damage to the lungs and airways that will cause diseases of the respiratory system, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, even lung cancer. Schools and People need to be involved in efforts to prevent and intervene in adolescent smoking behavior more intensively.

PENGARUH INTERVENSI MEDIA SOSIAL (WHATSAPP) DENGAN FLYER TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PERILAKU MEROKOK REMAJA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI DESA TOMADO KECAMATAN LINDU

Adolescent smoking behavior is a behavior that endangers health, but there are still many teenagers who become smokers who started when they were teenagers or at the age of 11 years, especially teenage boys who often did this action. The use of appropriate media can affect the knowledge of respondents. In general, this study aims to determine the effect of social media intervention (whatsapp) with flyers on changes in adolescent smoking behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tomado Village, Lindu District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. And specifically, the research objective was to determine the effect of social media intervention (whatsapp) with flyers on smoking knowledge, smoking frequency, changes in smoking attitudes, and adolescent motivation to quit smoking. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest two group design. The research sample used purposive sampling method and obtained a sample of 40 people. The instrument of this research used questionnaires, observation sheets, pretest and posttest questionnaires, and media flyers. Analysis of research data using a comparative test, namely Paired sample t-test, and Independent t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in respondents' knowledge about the dangers of smoking in the intervention group, while in the control group it was found that there was no significant difference in respondents' knowledge; there was a significant difference in the frequency of adolescent smoking in the intervention group and the control group; there is a significant difference in adolescent smoking attitudes in the intervention group and the control group; there was a significant difference in motivation to quit smoking in the intervention group and the control group.

“You Do It Through the Grapevine”: A Bourdieusian Analysis of Under-Age Access to Tobacco Among Adolescents From Seven European Cities

Despite efforts to reduce adolescent smoking via minimum age-of-sale legislation, many young people continue to access tobacco through a mix of social and commercial sources. Little is known about the roles of habitus, capital, and social topographies in shaping under-age access to tobacco. This article draws on Bourdieu’s theory of practice and data generated from 56 focus groups with 14- to 19-year-olds across seven European cities to answer the question “via what sources and by what means do adolescents obtain tobacco?” We find that adolescents use a range of personal capitals (social, cultural, and economic) to access tobacco, with the specific constitution and deployment of these capitals varying according to the regularities of different fields. Since adolescents access tobacco via culturally embedded practices, attempts to curtail this access are more likely to be effective if they are multi-pronged, culturally informed, and attuned to the lived experiences of adolescent smokers.

Parenting Styles as a Moderator of the Association between Pubertal Timing and Chinese Adolescents’ Smoking Behavior

Background: Pubertal timing refers to the timing of an individual regarding pubertal sexual maturation, both physiologically and psychologically. Existing research shows that pubertal timing is associated with behavioral problems. This study investigated the role of parenting style in the relationship between pubertal timing and Chinese adolescents’ smoking behavior. Methods: The study examined the association of pubertal timing, parenting style and adolescents’ smoking behavior, using the Pubertal Development Scale (Chinese version), Simplified Parenting Style Scale-Chinese version, and three items related to adolescents’ smoking situation. Participants were 1391 Chinese adolescents aged 11–16 years old (53.41% boys). Hierarchical linear regression analyses assessed the moderating role of parenting style on the association between pubertal timing and adolescent smoking behavior. Results: The results indicated that parenting style moderates the relationship between pubertal timing and adolescent smoking behavior. For male adolescents, father rejection moderated the relationship between early pubertal timing and smoking behavior. For female adolescents, father rejection, father emotional warmth, and mother emotional warmth moderated the relationship between pubertal timing and smoking behavior. Conclusions: Findings from the study highlight the importance of parenting style, which may influence the negative outcomes associated with early pubertal timing and can help improve interventions aimed at reducing these negative outcomes.

Hubungan Persepsi, Pengaruh Teman Sebaya dan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Perilaku Merokok Remaja Laki-Laki

Introduction: Smoking behavior in adolescents in Indonesia increased, in 2013 (7.9%), in 2016 (8.8%) and 2018 (9.1). Bogor regency became the location with the highest rate of teen smoking than West Java Province. The high prevalence of smokers in adolescents is influenced by perception, peer influence and family support. Objectives: The study aims to find out the relationship of perception, peer influence and family support with male adolescent smoking behavior.Method: This research method is quantitative using cross sectional design. The subject of this study was a male teenage smoker in Bogor Regency, sampling techniques using purposive sampling of as many as 100 respondents. Data analysis is conducted univariate and bivariate with chi square test. Result: Based on statistical tests, there are two variables that show a relationship i.e. perception (Pv = 0.005 and OR=3,431), peer influence obtained (Pv = 0.001 and OR=4,524 ), while there is one variable that indicates no relationship i.e. family support (Pv = 0.694), with male adolescent smoking behavior in Bogor Regency. Conclution: It is expected to be expected to promote health promotion related to the dangers of cigarettes, but use social media and work with influencers, as well as create a family empowerment concept teen smoker prevention program to prevent the initiation of smoking behavior. It aims to lower the number of teen smokers in Bogor Regency.