Early Adolescent Health Problems, School Performance, and Upper Secondary Educational Pathways: A Counterfactual-Based Mediation Analysis

Social Forces ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Mikkonen ◽  
Hanna Remes ◽  
Heta Moustgaard ◽  
Pekka Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Upper Secondary Education ◽  
Educational Pathways ◽  
Upper Secondary

Abstract Early health problems predict lower educational attainment, but it remains unclear whether this is due to health problems weakening school performance or due to other mechanisms operating above and beyond school performance. We employed counterfactual-based mediation analysis on a register-based sample of Finnish adolescents born in 1988–1993 (n = 73,072) to longitudinally assess the direct (unexplained by school performance, as measured by grade point average) and indirect (pure mediation and mediated interaction via school performance) effects of early adolescent somatic and mental health problems on the noncompletion of upper secondary education and track choice (vocational vs. general). Mental disorders were associated with the largest increases in both noncompletion and choosing the vocational track, but somatic conditions also showed small but robust associations. Weakened school performance mediated up to one-third of the differences in noncompletion and around half of the differences in track choice. When the same analyses were conducted within sibships, the total effects of health problems on educational pathways were weaker, but the contribution of school performance remained similar. In counterfactual simulations that assigned everyone an above-median school performance—that is, eradicating below-median school performance—about 20–40 percent of the effects of mental disorders on educational pathways remained. Our results suggest that while impaired school performance is an important component in health-related selection to education, it does not fully explain the shorter and less academically oriented educational careers of adolescents with health problems. These adolescents may benefit from additional educational support regardless of their formal school performance.

Tobacco smoking and mental disorders in Australian adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110096
Author(s):  
David Lawrence ◽  
Sarah E Johnson ◽  
Francis Mitrou ◽  
Sharon Lawn ◽  
Michael Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Current Tobacco

Objectives: This study aimed to (1) examine the strength of the association between mental disorders/mental health problems, risk behaviours and tobacco smoking among Australian adolescents, (2) compare rates of tobacco smoking among Australian adolescents with major depressive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or conduct disorder in 2013/14 vs 1998, and (3) identify the extent to which an association between tobacco smoking and mental health problems among adolescents can be attributed to non-mental health risk factors. Methods: The study utilised data from the first (1998) and second (2013/14) child and adolescent components of the National Surveys of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Both surveys identified nationally representative samples of Australian young people aged 4–17 years, living in private dwellings. Information was collected from parents and 13- to 17-year-olds about mental disorders, mental health problems, risk behaviours and tobacco smoking. Results: In the 2013/14 survey, the rate of current tobacco smoking among those with a mental disorder was 20% compared to 5% in those without a mental disorder. Rates were highest for young people with conduct disorder (50%), major depressive disorder (24%) and anxiety disorders (19%). In 2013/14, 38% of current tobacco smokers had a mental disorder and 32% reported self-harm and/or suicidal ideation vs 10% and 5%, respectively, among adolescents who had never smoked. Females with mental disorders or reporting self-harm or suicidal ideation had higher rates of current smoking than males. Other significant factors associated with current smoking included school-related problems, binge eating and having had more than one sexual partner. Conclusion: While smoking rates in 13- to 17-year-olds with mental disorders had declined since 1998, the strength of the association between mental disorders and smoking had increased, especially among females. Our findings highlight the need to address the tobacco smoking among adolescents with mental disorders, particularly females.

Religion and Spiritual Advice as Surrogate Care Provision for Mental Health Problems in the ESEMED Survey

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
V. Kovess ◽  
R. de Graaf ◽  
J.M. Haro ◽  
R. Bruffaerts ◽  
F. Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Seeking Help

Objective:To complete missing information on the influence of spiritual and religious advisors as informal providers for mental health problems in Europe.Methods:Recourse to religious practice or belief when coping with mental health problems was evaluated using data from the ESEMED survey. This was a stratified, multistage, clustered-area probability sample survey of mental health carried out in six European countries which included 8796 subjects. Between countries differences in sociodemographic characteristics, religious affiliation, and prevalence of mental disorders and management of mental disorders were evaluated.Results:Religion appears to play a limited role in coping with mental health problems in Europe. Only 7.9% of individuals seeking help for such problems turned to a religious advisor. This proportion differed between countries from 13% in Italy, 12.5% in Germany, 10.5% in the Netherlands, 5.8% in France, 4.7% in Belgium to 4% in Spain. In addition, seeking help exclusively from religion was reported by only 1.3% of subjects. Practicing religion at least once a week and considering religion as important in daily life were predictors of using religion versus conventional health care only. Use of religion was not influenced by gender and age. Non-Christian respondents and individuals with alcohol disorders were more likely to use religion. In Spain, the use of religion is much lower than average.Conclusions:Unlike the situation in the United States, organised religion does not provide alternative informal mental health care in Europe. At best, it could be considered as an adjunct to conventional care.

scholarly journals Preconception prediction of expectant fathers' mental health: 20-year cohort study from adolescence

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Spry ◽  
Rebecca Giallo ◽  
Margarita Moreno-Betancur ◽  
Jacqui Macdonald ◽  
Denise Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expectant Fathers

We examined prospective associations between men's common mental disorders in the decades prior to offspring conception and subsequent paternal antenatal mental health problems. Data came from a prospective intergenerational cohort study which assessed common mental disorder nine times from age 14 to 29 years, and in the third trimester of subsequent pregnancies to age 35 years (N = 295 pregnancies to 214 men). Men with histories of adolescent and young adult common mental disorders were over four times more likely to experience antenatal mental health problems. Future research identifying modifiable perinatal factors that counteract preconception risk would provide further targets for intervention.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Natural kinds of mental disorder

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Werkhoven
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Abnormal Behaviour ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Socially Constructed

AbstractAre mental disorders (autism, ADHD, schizophrenia) natural kinds or socially constructed categories? What is at stake if either of these views prove to be true? This paper offers a qualified defence for the view that there may be natural kinds of mental disorder, but also that the implications of this claim are generally overestimated. Especially concerns about over-inclusiveness of diagnostic categories and medicalisation of abnormal behaviour are not addressed by the debate. To arrive at these conclusions the paper opens with a discussion of kind formation in science, followed by an analysis of natural kinds. Seven principled and empirically informed objections to the possibility of natural kinds of mental disorder are considered and rejected. The paper ends with a reflection on diagnostics of mental health problems that don’t fall into natural kinds. Despite the defence of the possibility of natural kinds of mental disorder, this is likely to be the majority of cases.

scholarly journals Mental Disorder, Service Utilization, and GPA: Studying Mental Health of Former Child Welfare and Youth Experiencing Homelessness in a Campus Support Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-70
Author(s):  
Hui Huang ◽  
Sofia B. Fernandez ◽  
Michelle-Ann Rhoden ◽  
Rigaud Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Mental Health Service Use ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Social Work Research

Research has identified higher rates of mental disorders among former child welfare youth and youth experiencing homelessness when compared with their peers in the general population. Given the growing number of campus support programs serving these youth, research should focus on students in these programs to understand whether mental health problems interfere with these students’ receipt of program services, which can lead to unsatisfactory academic performance. This study collected both quantitative and qualitative data from students in a campus support program to examine the prevalence of mental disorders, mental health service use, receipt of program services, students’ grade point average, and their perceptions of obstacles and motivations to academic success. Implications for social work research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Sistem Pakar untuk Mendiagnosis Gangguan Mental pada Anak Menggunakan Metode Forward Chaining dan Certainty Factor

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-291
Author(s):  
Salma Nabilla Ulpa ◽  
Fitri Bimantoro
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Certainty Factor ◽  
Forward Chaining ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
Calculation System ◽  
As Stress

Mental health problems in children, such as stress, anxiety, or depression are real and these problems are as important as physical health problems, but many children do not get the care they need so an artificial intelligence technology such as an expert system can help diagnose the disorder mentally in children early. This research developed an expert system to diagnose mental disorders in children using the mobile-based Forward Chaining and Certainty Factor method that diagnoses 7 types of mental disorders in children from 46 symptoms obtained based on the knowledge of 3 experts. Based on the results of the black box testing states that the expert system that was built has had compatibility in terms of functionality. The results of the theoretical calculation test states that the calculation system of an expert diagnosis of a child's mental disorder is in accordance with the results of calculations done manually. In testing the accuracy of the system from 30 cases tested on 3 experts, the expert system that was built succeeded in producing system accuracy values ​​based on the final belief value of the three experts, based on the belief values ​​of experts 1, 2, and 3, respectively 91.11%, 96.67%, 96.67% and 80%. Furthermore, the results of MOS testing conducted on 35 respondents produce MOS of 4.12 from a scale of 5 where based on that value the expert system built is categorized into a good system.

scholarly journals EARLY DETECTION INTEGRATED OF COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH IN IMPROVING COMMUNITY RESPONSE IN ONE OF THE VILAGE AT GUNUNGKIDUL 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Ruthy Ngapiyem ◽  
Erik Adik Putra Bambang Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
The Village ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Mental health is one of the significant health problems arising from the inability of individuals to manage stress which will direct individual behavior to destructive behavior where the peak of the behavior is suicide. Gunungkidul Regency is the area that ranks first in the national suicide rate, where one of these areas is located in a research location in a hamlet in Gunungkidul with suicides due to mental health problems. The level of awareness of a person against mental disorders varies and the level of sensitivity is different. Early detection is very necessary to screen for mental health problems early using the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) to minimize the vulnerability of citizens experiencing psychiatric problems that are often referred to as people with psychiatric problems. Descriptive analysis results illustrate that of the 43 respondents who experienced mental emotional distress or mental stress that led to a number of 11 respondents (25.6%). Based on these results it can be concluded that there is a picture of emotional mental distress or distress that leads to mental disorders in the community in one of the village in Gunungkidul 2020.

Long-term mental health care for people with severe mental disorders – the importance of workplace rehabilitation

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
J. Boardman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Personal Recovery ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Individual Placement And Support ◽  
Meaningful Activity ◽  
Workplace Rehabilitation

SummaryWork and meaningful activity have historically played a key role in rehabilitation services for people with severe mental health problems and continues to do so today. People with long-term and severe mental disorders have low rates of employment. In the last 30 years the increasing emphasis on raising the sights of mental health services to focus on personal recovery and the importance given to social justice and to combating social exclusion has led to a focus on gaining open employment. Individual Placement and Support (IPS) has emerged as an important and evidence-based scheme for getting people with severe mental health problems into open employment. Despite the strong and consistent evidence for the effectiveness of IPS, these schemes are not widely implemented. This paper summarises the background to, and research on, IPS and possible barriers to its wider implementation.

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