Predicting Pole Classes for Longleaf Pine Based on Diameter Breast Height

Abstract A table for estimating longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) pole classes in the field is presented. The table was derived by converting the American National Standards Institute's dimensions of southern pine poles from minimum circumference at 6 ft from the butt of the pole to minimum tree diameter breast height outside bark. The conversion is based on tree taper, stump height, length trimmed off the butt of the tree at the pole yard, and bark thickness. The table is compared to a previously published table for determining southern pine pole classes from dbh. South. J. Appl. For. 16(2):79-82.

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Does frequent burning affect longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) bark thickness?

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x11-074 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (7) ◽

pp. 1562-1565 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. Geoff Wang ◽

Steve R. Wangen

Keyword(s):

Longleaf Pine ◽

Critical Role ◽

Pinus Palustris ◽

Stand Age ◽

Prescribed Fires ◽

Bark Thickness ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

Breast Height ◽

And Control

Bark thickness plays a critical role in protecting a tree’s cambium from damage by fires. Does frequent surface fire stimulate bark production compared with a fire-suppressed control? Based on data from an ongoing, long-term prescribed fire study, we explored differences in bark thickness from 0 to 200 cm above the ground for longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris P. Mill.) trees on burned and control sites. Biennial prescribed fires, applied between 1973 (stand age = 14 years) and 2006 (stand age = 47 years), significantly reduced diameter at breast height. After adjusting for differences in diameter at breast height, we found no difference in bark thickness of trees from the burn and control sites, except for bark thickness measured at 0 cm aboveground where control sites had significantly thicker bark than burned sites. Results suggest that frequent burning did not stimulate bark production in longleaf pine.

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Intra-Annual Variation in Soil C, N and Nutrients Pools after Prescribed Fire in a Mississippi Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) Plantation

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11020181 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

John R. Butnor ◽

Kurt H. Johnsen ◽

Christopher A. Maier ◽

C. Dana Nelson

Keyword(s):

Prescribed Fire ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Soil Chemistry ◽

Annual Variation ◽

Longleaf Pine ◽

Pinus Palustris ◽

Southern Pine ◽

Soil C ◽

Soil C And N ◽

C And N

Prescribed fire is an essential tool that is widely used for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stand management; periodic burning serves to reduce competition from woody shrubs and fire-intolerant trees and enhance herbaceous diversity. Low-intensity, prescribed burning is thought to have minimal long-term impact on soil chemistry in southern pine forests, although few studies report the intra-annual variation in soil chemistry after burning. We monitored changes in C, N, oxidation resistant C (CR), pH and elemental nutrients in the forest floor and soil (0–5, 5–10 cm depths) before and after burning (1, 3, 6, 12 months) in a mature longleaf pine plantation at the Harrison Experimental Forest, near Saucier, Mississippi. Prescribed fire consumed much of the forest floor (11.3 Mg ha−1; −69%), increased soil pH and caused a pulse of C, N and elemental nutrients to flow to the near surface soils. In the initial one to three months post-burn coinciding with the start of the growing season, retention of nutrients by soil peaked. Most of the N (93%), Ca (88%), K (96%) and Mg (101%), roughly half of the P (48%) and Mn (52%) and 25% of the C lost from the forest floor were detected in the soil and apparently not lost to volatilization. By month 12, soil C and N pools were not different at depths of 0–5 cm but declined significantly below pre-burn levels at depths of 5–10 cm, C −36% (p < 0.0001), N −26% (p = 0.003), contrary to other examples in southern pine ecosystems. In the upper 5 cm of soil, only Cu (−49%) remained significantly lower than pre-burn contents by month 12, at depths of 5–10 cm, Cu (−76%), Fe (−22%), K (−51%), Mg (−57%), Mn (−82%) and P (−52%) remain lower at month 12 than pre-burn contents. Burning did not increase soil CR content, conversely significant declines in CR occurred. It appears that recovery of soil C and N pools post-burn will require more time on this site than other southern pine forests.

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Long-Term Impact of Aerial Application of 2,4,5-T to Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500055247 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 255-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. L. Michael

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Longleaf Pine ◽

Pinus Palustris ◽

Aerial Application ◽

Tree Diameter ◽

Grass Stage ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

And Control

Twenty years after aerial application of 2.24 kg ae/ha of the butoxy ethanol ester of 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] to release grass stage longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings, stocking was the same for each of three treated and control 4-ha plots. Treated plots, however, had significantly greater tree diameter (10%), taller trees (17%), and more merchantable tree volume/ha (40%). Merchantable tree volume differences 20 yr after treatment represent an 8 yr growth advantage for treated plots.

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Differential impacts of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, on Pinus palustris and Pinus taeda

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x07-008 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 37 (8) ◽

pp. 1427-1437 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nicholas A. Friedenberg ◽

Brenda M. Whited ◽

Daniel H. Slone ◽

Sharon J. Martinson ◽

Matthew P. Ayres

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Tree Mortality ◽

Longleaf Pine ◽

Pinus Palustris ◽

Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽

Southern Pine Beetle ◽

Thanasimus Dubius ◽

Southern Pine ◽

Pine Beetle

Patterns of host use by herbivore pests can have serious consequences for natural and managed ecosystems but are often poorly understood. Here, we provide the first quantification of large differential impacts of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, on loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., and longleaf pine, Pinus palustris P. Mill., and evaluate putative mechanisms for the disparity. Spatially extensive survey data from recent epidemics indicate that, per square kilometre, stands of loblolly versus longleaf pine in four forests (380–1273 km2) sustained 3–18 times more local infestations and 3–116 times more tree mortality. Differences were not attributable to size or age structure of pine stands. Using pheromone-baited traps, we found no differences in the abundance of dispersing D. frontalis or its predator Thanasimus dubius Fabricius between loblolly and longleaf stands. Trapping triggered numerous attacks on trees, but the pine species did not differ in the probability of attack initiation or in the surface area of bark attacked by growing aggregations. We found no evidence for postaggregation mechanisms of discrimination or differential success on the two hosts, suggesting that early colonizers discriminate between host species before a pheromone plume is present.

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Revivification of a method for identifying longleaf pine timber and its application to southern pine relicts in southeastern Virginia

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x11-156 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (12) ◽

pp. 2440-2447 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thomas L. Eberhardt ◽

Philip M. Sheridan ◽

Arvind A.R. Bhuta

Keyword(s):

Annual Ring ◽

Longleaf Pine ◽

Pinus Palustris ◽

Forest Products ◽

The Other ◽

Lower Probability ◽

Pinus Echinata ◽

Southern Pine ◽

Pinus Taeda L ◽

Standing Timber

Longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris Mill.) cannot be distinguished from the other southern pines based on wood anatomy alone. A method that involves measuring pith and second annual ring diameters, reported by Arthur Koehler in 1932 (The Southern Lumberman, 145: 36–37), was revisited as an option for identifying longleaf pine timbers and stumps. Cross-section disks of longleaf, loblolly ( Pinus taeda L.), and shortleaf ( Pinus echinata Mill.) pines were measured and the diameters of their piths and second annual rings plotted against each other. From this plot, longleaf pine could be differentiated from the other two southern pine species, demonstrating that a method established with trees harvested more than 70 years ago is still applicable to standing timber of today. No evidence was found to suggest that different growth rates impact method applicability. In those situations where the second annual ring is intact, but not the pith, very large second annual ring diameters (>40 mm) may identify timbers with a lower probability of being longleaf pine. In addition to the identification of very old lightwood stumps as part of a longleaf pine restoration effort, both methods may be applied to timber identification in historic structures and the niche forest products industry involving the recovery and processing of highly prized longleaf pine logs from river bottoms. Measurements from relicts sampled in this study were consistent with the purported range for longleaf pine in Virginia.

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Assessing longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) restoration after southern pine beetle kill using a compact experimental design

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1080/02827581.2010.485821 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (sup8) ◽

pp. 75-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John-Pascal Berrill ◽

Christa M. Dagley

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Longleaf Pine ◽

Pinus Palustris ◽

Southern Pine Beetle ◽

Southern Pine ◽

Pine Beetle

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INDIRECT ESTIMATION OF SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) GALLERY LENGTH UTILIZING HOST CHARACTERISTICS

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent113199-3 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 113 (3) ◽

pp. 199-203

Author(s):

T. E. Nebeker ◽

O. P. Hackney ◽

R. R. Hocking

Keyword(s):

Tree Height ◽

Southern Pine Beetle ◽

Sample Period ◽

Bark Thickness ◽

Tree Diameter ◽

Breast Height ◽

Pine Beetle ◽

Time Of Year ◽

Total Tree ◽

Host Characteristics

AbstractA technique is presented that requires no direct measurement of gallery length to estimate the total gallery length. Required to obtain the estimate are: (1) an appropriate model for time of year, sample period, and host, (2) tree diameter at breast height, (3) length of infested bole, (4) total tree height, and (5) inner bark thickness. The technique is accurate, less time consuming, and less expensive than direct estimation techniques.

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Effects of Pythium Species and Time in Cold Storage on the Survival of Bareroot and Container-Grown Southern Pine Seedlings

ISRN Ecology ◽

10.5402/2012/874970 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

D. Paul Jackson ◽

Scott A. Enebak ◽

David B. South

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Longleaf Pine ◽

Pinus Palustris ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Pinus Echinata ◽

Shortleaf Pine ◽

Southern Pine ◽

Pythium Irregulare ◽

Moist Environment

Cold storing bareroot southern pine (Pinus spp.) seedlings for greater than one week after lifting in the fall can lead to poor outplanting survival when compared to seedlings that are lifted and stored in winter. In contrast, container-grown seedlings typically do not experience adverse effects from storing for periods greater than one week. The practice of lifting bareroot seedlings can cause wounds to root systems, which could allow soil-borne pathogens such as Pythium species to be used as infection sites. Once seedlings are placed in storage, the cool, moist environment may be conducive for zoospore activity, leading to root disease and outplanting failure. Bareroot and container-grown longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), and slash pine (Pinus elliottii) and container-grown shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) were inoculated with either Pythium dimorphum or Pythium irregulare, cold-stored for 3, 4, 6, or 12 weeks, and outplanted. Both Pythium species reduced survival of bareroot longleaf pine but not bareroot slash pine. Length of storage decreased survival for both seedling stock types. Pythium species did not affect the survival of container-grown seedlings. These results suggest that P. dimorphum and P. irregulare are more virulent to bareroot longleaf pine than the other pine species tested.

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