Fire and Fertilizer as Alternatives to Hand Thinning in a Natural Stand of Precommercial-Sized Loblolly Pine

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
F. Thomas Lloyd ◽  
Thomas A. Waldrop ◽  
David L. White
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract A winter backing fire thinned a natural 4-yr-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand from below but reduced stem density less than did hand thinning. Application of nitrogen fertilizer did not accelerate natural thinning over the 4 yr test period. Burning and fertilizing increased dbh growth of crop trees, but gains were less than those produced by hand thinning. Height growth of crop trees was increased by fertilization but may have been reduced by burning. A case study showed that economic returns from prescribed burning were comparable to those from hand thinning for a 30-yr rotation. However, additional research is needed to produce prescription guidelines that minimize the risks of burning young stands before the practice can be recommended. South. J. Appl. For. 19(1): 5-9.

scholarly journals Four Site-Preparation Techniques for Regenerating Pine-Hardwood Mixtures in the Piedmont

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Waldrop
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Abstract Four variations of the fell-and-burn technique, a system developed to produce mixed pine-hardwood stands in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, were compared in the Piedmont region. All variations of this technique successfully improved the commercial value of low-quality hardwood stands by introducing a pine component. After six growing seasons, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) occupied the dominant crown position and oaks the codominant position in fell-and-burn treated stands on poor to medium quality sites. The precise timing of felling residual stems, as prescribed by the fell-and-burn technique, may be flexible because winter and spring felling produced similar results. Although summer site preparation burns reduced hardwood height growth by reducing the length of the first growing season, they did not improve pine survival or growth. Pines were as tall as hardwoods within four growing seasons in burned plots and within six growing seasons in unburned plots. Additional research is needed to determine the level or intensity of site preparation needed to establish pine-hardwood mixtures over a range of site conditions. South. J. Appl. For. 21(3):116-122.

scholarly journals Washing Roots Reduces Vigor of Loblolly Pine Seedlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
William A. Carey ◽  
David B. South ◽  
M. Williford ◽  
J. Britt
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Initial Height ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Abstract Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were lifted from two nurseries in Georgia, and the roots were washed using equipment built for that purpose. Seedlings then received two levels of storage and were outplanted not far from the nursery of origin (one loam soil and one sandy soil). Immediately after washing, root weights and the length of fine roots did not differ among wash treatments from either nursery. Survival was excellent for all treatments on the loam soil, but a single wash reduced survival by 5 to 10% when seedlings were planted in sand. Washing slowed the rate of budbreak and early height growth. Bud growth of seedlings planted in a stress pit (containing sand) was correlated with both root growth 1 month after planting (r = 0.36,P = 0.0003) and survival 2 months after planting (r =0.62,P = 0.01). Among seedlings outplanted on a sandy site, initial height growth also correlated with survival (r = 0.49,P = 0.007). South. J. Appl. For. 25(1):25–30.

Prescribed Burning and Nutrient Cycling Relationships in Young Loblolly Pine Plantations

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Kodama ◽  
D. H. Van Lear
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Transfer ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Moving Strip ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Prescribed burning of young unthinned plantations of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the South Carolina Piedmont significantly reduced the quantity of individual nutrients in the L layer, but not the F + H layers of the forest floor. Burning reduced the weight of the L layer by 60 percent but the weight of the combined F + H layers was unaffected by the relatively fast-moving strip-head fires. Nutrient losses by ash convection from the L layer during the prescribed fire ranged from 3.6 lbs/ac for P to 23.1 lbs/ac for N. Some impaction of nutrients released in burning on pine canopies was detected by analysis of throughfall and stemflow. However, quantities of nutrients intercepted and released by the canopy are small when compared to nutrient transfer by leaf fall and precipitation. The canopy and stems markedly altered the nutrient concentrations of intercepted precipitation.

Effect of Logging Equipment Traffic On Soil Density and Growth and Survival of Young Loblolly Pine

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Graeme Lockaby ◽  
Clyde G. Vidrine
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Density Results

Abstract Soil bulk densities, determined on plots representing a gradient of harvesting traffic, indicated that compaction was an average of 12 percent greater on former logging decks and primary skid roads as compared to nontrafficked areas. Penetrometer readings supported the bulk density results and, in addition, showed increased compaction on secondary roads and road borders as compared to relatively undisturbed areas. This compaction was reflected in height growth reductions of 39 to 59 percent in five-year old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on decks and primary roads. Number of pine per acre was reduced by 88 to 91 percent on the same areas. Root collar diameters also decreased but were not significantly different from those on relatively undisturbed plots. These results are discussed in relation to the 1 percent proportion of the harvested area involved in soil property impacts and reduced tree growth.

scholarly journals Height Growth of Loblolly and Slash Pine Plantations in the Northern Post-Oak belt of Texas

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Hansen ◽  
M. Victor Bilan
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Age accounted for over 70% of the variation in tree height of 10- to 44-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantations established on deep sands, moderate sands, and nonsandy soils in the Northern Post-Oak Belt of Texas. Climatic and edaphicfactors, relating either directly or indirectly to the amount of moisture available for tree use, explained up to 17% of height growth variation. Height growth of the plantations was comparable to that of plantations growing in the pine-mixed hardwood forest cover type of East Texas. The NorthernPost-Oak Belt of Texas is an area approximately 50 to 100 miles wide located between the pine-mixed hard-wood forest type to the east and the black-land prairie to the west. Soils within the belt belong primarily to the Alfisol or Ultisol soil orders. The western-most areas of the belt receiveup to 20% less annual rain fall than the pine-mixed hardwood type of East Texas (U.S. Environmental Data and Information Service 1949-1982). The present forest of this area is dominated by post oak (Quercus stellata Wang.), black-jack oak (Quercus Marilandica Muench.), bluejack oak (Quercusincana Bartr.), and black hickory (Carya texana Buckl.) (Ward 1984). Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) occur naturally only in scattered locations (Wilson and Hacker 1986). South. j. Appl. For. 13(1):5-8.

An Economic Evaluation of the Use of Oust for Herbaceous Weed Control in Loblolly Pine Plantations

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney L. Busby
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Herbaceous weed control using Oust (sulfometuron methyl²) is economically efficient in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations given reasonable expectations about the long-term effect of the treatment on stand growth. Increases in the sizes of the growth increments following treatment that have been reported in the literature, and the economic returns this analysis shows are possible, indicate that investment in herbaceous weed control can be a prudent silvicultural option. South. J. Appl. For. 16(1):40-47.

Growth of Loblolly Pine with Roots Planted in Five Configurations

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Firm Evidence

Abstract Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) planted in two locations with roots in straight, slanted, L-shaped, P-shaped, and balled configurations were excavated and measured seven years after planting. At each location, there were no differences (P = .05) between treatments in survival, height growth, or d.b.h. However, at one site and for pooled data from both sites, trees with balled roots had smaller root collars than trees with L-shaped roots. There was no firm evidence that trees planted with bent, balled, or slanted root systems were less productive than those planted with a straight tap root.

scholarly journals Herbicide Release of 3-Year-Old Loblolly Pine from Competing Hardwoods in Arkansas

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold E. Quicke ◽  
Glenn R. Glover ◽  
Dwight K. Lauer
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Area Response

Abstract Objectives were to identify effective late-summer and spring herbicide treatments for the release of 3-yr-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) from competing hardwoods and to quantify longer term pine growth response to varying levels of hardwood control. Effective late-summer treatments included imazapyr at 1.0 and 0.5 lb ae/ac, imazapyr at 0.5 lb ae/ac in combination with glyphosate at 1.125 lb ae/ac, and imazapyr at 0.25 lb ae/ac with surfactant. The best spring treatment was hexazinone at 2.0 lb ai/ac. Although spring imazapyr treatments stunted pine height growth 2 growing seasons after treatment, height growth had recovered by age 10. Late-summer imazapyr treatments provided better hardwood control than spring treatments. Although check plot hardwood basal area averaged 9 ft2/ac, and winged elm (a species known to be tolerant to imazapyr) was the predominant hardwood species at treatment, pine basal area response to treatment ranged from 6 to 27 ft2/ac at age 10. Pine response increased with imazapyr rate for late-summer treatments. Adding hexazinone to imazapyr did not improve hardwood control, and no benefits were observed from adding metsulfuron to either glyphosate or hexazinone. South. J. Appl. For. 20(3): 121-126.

Growth and Development of Loblolly and Slash Pines Direct-Seeded or Planted on a Cutover Site

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract After 15 years, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) planted on a cutover site yielded more volume than four of six direct-seeding treatments. Height growth of seeded loblolly responded to site treatment, but method of site preparation had little influence. Regeneration technique did not affect slash pine (P. elliottii var. elliottii Engelm.)

Growth and Fusiform Rust Responses of Piedmont Loblolly Pine After Several Site Preparation and Regeneration Methods

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
W. Henry McNab ◽  
Thomas Miller ◽  
Ernst V. Brender
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Cutover pine-hardwood sites in the Piedmont of central Georgia were prepared by prescribed burning or drum chopping and regenerated to loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) by planting or direct-seeding. Site preparation had little effect on soil physical properties. After an average of 12 years, trees were larger in dbh and total height, the merchantable stand was greater, and distribution was more uniform on planted than on seeded areas. Regeneration from direct-seeding was enhanced more by intensive site preparation than was regeneration from planting. Neither fusiform rust incidence nor rust associated mortality was affected consistently by the intensity of site preparation, but both rust incidence and rust associated mortality were generally higher in the direct-seeded than in the planted plots. South. J. Appl. For. 14(1):18-24.

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