Growth of Loblolly Pine with Roots Planted in Five Configurations

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Firm Evidence

Abstract Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) planted in two locations with roots in straight, slanted, L-shaped, P-shaped, and balled configurations were excavated and measured seven years after planting. At each location, there were no differences (P = .05) between treatments in survival, height growth, or d.b.h. However, at one site and for pooled data from both sites, trees with balled roots had smaller root collars than trees with L-shaped roots. There was no firm evidence that trees planted with bent, balled, or slanted root systems were less productive than those planted with a straight tap root.

scholarly journals Four Site-Preparation Techniques for Regenerating Pine-Hardwood Mixtures in the Piedmont

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Waldrop
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Abstract Four variations of the fell-and-burn technique, a system developed to produce mixed pine-hardwood stands in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, were compared in the Piedmont region. All variations of this technique successfully improved the commercial value of low-quality hardwood stands by introducing a pine component. After six growing seasons, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) occupied the dominant crown position and oaks the codominant position in fell-and-burn treated stands on poor to medium quality sites. The precise timing of felling residual stems, as prescribed by the fell-and-burn technique, may be flexible because winter and spring felling produced similar results. Although summer site preparation burns reduced hardwood height growth by reducing the length of the first growing season, they did not improve pine survival or growth. Pines were as tall as hardwoods within four growing seasons in burned plots and within six growing seasons in unburned plots. Additional research is needed to determine the level or intensity of site preparation needed to establish pine-hardwood mixtures over a range of site conditions. South. J. Appl. For. 21(3):116-122.

scholarly journals Washing Roots Reduces Vigor of Loblolly Pine Seedlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
William A. Carey ◽  
David B. South ◽  
M. Williford ◽  
J. Britt
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Initial Height ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Abstract Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were lifted from two nurseries in Georgia, and the roots were washed using equipment built for that purpose. Seedlings then received two levels of storage and were outplanted not far from the nursery of origin (one loam soil and one sandy soil). Immediately after washing, root weights and the length of fine roots did not differ among wash treatments from either nursery. Survival was excellent for all treatments on the loam soil, but a single wash reduced survival by 5 to 10% when seedlings were planted in sand. Washing slowed the rate of budbreak and early height growth. Bud growth of seedlings planted in a stress pit (containing sand) was correlated with both root growth 1 month after planting (r = 0.36,P = 0.0003) and survival 2 months after planting (r =0.62,P = 0.01). Among seedlings outplanted on a sandy site, initial height growth also correlated with survival (r = 0.49,P = 0.007). South. J. Appl. For. 25(1):25–30.

scholarly journals HORTICULTURAL PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS OF JUVENILE LOBLOLLY PINE (PINUS TAEDA L.), A SOUTHERN FOREST SPECIES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 607e-607
Author(s):  
Farrell C. Wise ◽  
Laura L. Greenwood ◽  
D. Bradley Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Overwintering Survival ◽  
Primary Root Length

Clonal propagation of recalcitrant conifers like loblolly pine depends on producing juvenile cuttings on hedges sheared several times annually. Although dormant cuttings root well, it will be economically important to also root softwood shoots produced between shearings. Several variables were therefore evaluated in a factorial experiment to enhance rooting and handling of summer cuttings. Rooting percentages were equivalent for 3 media after a 5-week hardening period (56% overall), but open flats of 1 perlite:1 vermiculite induced larger root systems at the end of rooting and hardening phases. Extending the rooting period from 10 to 14 weeks increased rooting from about 45% to 58% by the end of hardening. Primary root length per cutting increased 12-63% during hardening, depending on medium. After transplanting, overwintering survival was 98%. Foam rooting wedges produced smallest root systems, and resulting plants were consistently shortest through the following growing season. Weekly applications of soluble fertilizer during the last 6 weeks of rooting did not improve rooting or subsequent growth

Effect of Logging Equipment Traffic On Soil Density and Growth and Survival of Young Loblolly Pine

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Graeme Lockaby ◽  
Clyde G. Vidrine
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Density Results

Abstract Soil bulk densities, determined on plots representing a gradient of harvesting traffic, indicated that compaction was an average of 12 percent greater on former logging decks and primary skid roads as compared to nontrafficked areas. Penetrometer readings supported the bulk density results and, in addition, showed increased compaction on secondary roads and road borders as compared to relatively undisturbed areas. This compaction was reflected in height growth reductions of 39 to 59 percent in five-year old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on decks and primary roads. Number of pine per acre was reduced by 88 to 91 percent on the same areas. Root collar diameters also decreased but were not significantly different from those on relatively undisturbed plots. These results are discussed in relation to the 1 percent proportion of the harvested area involved in soil property impacts and reduced tree growth.

scholarly journals Height Growth of Loblolly and Slash Pine Plantations in the Northern Post-Oak belt of Texas

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Hansen ◽  
M. Victor Bilan
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Age accounted for over 70% of the variation in tree height of 10- to 44-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantations established on deep sands, moderate sands, and nonsandy soils in the Northern Post-Oak Belt of Texas. Climatic and edaphicfactors, relating either directly or indirectly to the amount of moisture available for tree use, explained up to 17% of height growth variation. Height growth of the plantations was comparable to that of plantations growing in the pine-mixed hardwood forest cover type of East Texas. The NorthernPost-Oak Belt of Texas is an area approximately 50 to 100 miles wide located between the pine-mixed hard-wood forest type to the east and the black-land prairie to the west. Soils within the belt belong primarily to the Alfisol or Ultisol soil orders. The western-most areas of the belt receiveup to 20% less annual rain fall than the pine-mixed hardwood type of East Texas (U.S. Environmental Data and Information Service 1949-1982). The present forest of this area is dominated by post oak (Quercus stellata Wang.), black-jack oak (Quercus Marilandica Muench.), bluejack oak (Quercusincana Bartr.), and black hickory (Carya texana Buckl.) (Ward 1984). Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) occur naturally only in scattered locations (Wilson and Hacker 1986). South. j. Appl. For. 13(1):5-8.

Fire and Fertilizer as Alternatives to Hand Thinning in a Natural Stand of Precommercial-Sized Loblolly Pine

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
F. Thomas Lloyd ◽  
Thomas A. Waldrop ◽  
David L. White
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract A winter backing fire thinned a natural 4-yr-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand from below but reduced stem density less than did hand thinning. Application of nitrogen fertilizer did not accelerate natural thinning over the 4 yr test period. Burning and fertilizing increased dbh growth of crop trees, but gains were less than those produced by hand thinning. Height growth of crop trees was increased by fertilization but may have been reduced by burning. A case study showed that economic returns from prescribed burning were comparable to those from hand thinning for a 30-yr rotation. However, additional research is needed to produce prescription guidelines that minimize the risks of burning young stands before the practice can be recommended. South. J. Appl. For. 19(1): 5-9.

scholarly journals Herbicide Release of 3-Year-Old Loblolly Pine from Competing Hardwoods in Arkansas

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold E. Quicke ◽  
Glenn R. Glover ◽  
Dwight K. Lauer
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Area Response

Abstract Objectives were to identify effective late-summer and spring herbicide treatments for the release of 3-yr-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) from competing hardwoods and to quantify longer term pine growth response to varying levels of hardwood control. Effective late-summer treatments included imazapyr at 1.0 and 0.5 lb ae/ac, imazapyr at 0.5 lb ae/ac in combination with glyphosate at 1.125 lb ae/ac, and imazapyr at 0.25 lb ae/ac with surfactant. The best spring treatment was hexazinone at 2.0 lb ai/ac. Although spring imazapyr treatments stunted pine height growth 2 growing seasons after treatment, height growth had recovered by age 10. Late-summer imazapyr treatments provided better hardwood control than spring treatments. Although check plot hardwood basal area averaged 9 ft2/ac, and winged elm (a species known to be tolerant to imazapyr) was the predominant hardwood species at treatment, pine basal area response to treatment ranged from 6 to 27 ft2/ac at age 10. Pine response increased with imazapyr rate for late-summer treatments. Adding hexazinone to imazapyr did not improve hardwood control, and no benefits were observed from adding metsulfuron to either glyphosate or hexazinone. South. J. Appl. For. 20(3): 121-126.

Growth and Development of Loblolly and Slash Pines Direct-Seeded or Planted on a Cutover Site

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract After 15 years, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) planted on a cutover site yielded more volume than four of six direct-seeding treatments. Height growth of seeded loblolly responded to site treatment, but method of site preparation had little influence. Regeneration technique did not affect slash pine (P. elliottii var. elliottii Engelm.)

Incidence of Resin-Soaked Roots in Subsoiled Loblolly Pine Seed Orchards on Sandy Soils

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
R. S. Webb ◽  
S. A. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract The root systems of 70 loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) from three subsoiled seed orchards were excavated to determine the association of subsoiling with the incidence of resin-soaked lateral roots. The number of lateral roots and the proportion of resin-soaked and healthy root tissue were recorded. Chips from the resin-soaked margin of lateral roots were incubated for 10 days at 24°C on two general media and two media selective for Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. Verticicladiella procera Kend. was isolated from 30 percent of the declining/subsoiled trees at one seed orchard. Monilia spp. were also isolated. Of the lateral roots severed by subsoiling, 60 percent were resin-soaked from 10 to 45 cm in length.

Early Growth Reductions in Short Rotation Loblolly and Slash Pine in Central Louisiana

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Haywood
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Logging Damage ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Twenty-two-year-old loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (P. elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) research plantations were clearcut-harvested and replanted with the same species. The objective was to compare tree growth between the two rotations. Seven growing seasons into the second rotation, loblolly and slash pines averaged an 8- and 3-ft reduction in total height, respectively. Height growth of loblolly pine was especially reduced on replanted plots that had been harrowed or harrowed and bedded 22 yr earlier, but the reduction in growth occurred on the burn-only (check)plots as well. The reasons for these growth declines were not identified, but it was unlikely that differences between rotations in rainfall patterns, logging damage, or competition were responsible. South. J. Appl. For. 18(1):35-39.

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