C STAGE, Automated Sleep Scoring: Development and Comparison With Human Sleep Scoring for Healthy Older Men and Women

Abstract Introduction Sleep architecture is influenced by age and sex and is disrupted by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and periodic limb movements (PLM) of sleep. Although increasing OSA severity is thought to decrease both REM and slow wave sleep (SWS), it may do so in non-linear ways. Here, we aim to 1) compare sleep macrostructure between older men and women, 2) compare metrics of total and REM-specific OSA severity between older men and women, and 3) examine associations between metrics of OSA severity and REM sleep and SWS in a clinical sample. Methods Clinical in-lab diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) in adults ≥64 years of age from the greater New York area recorded between 2006- 2016 were collated including demographic and traditional sleep scoring metrics. Studies where TST < 4 hours were removed. Demographic, sleep macrostructure, OSA (AHI4% & AHI3A criteria), pulse oximetry (SpO2) nadir and PLM measures were compared according to sex. Results PSGs from 1282 older adults (average age 70 years in both sexes, 41% female) were included in the analyses. Women had a significantly greater SWS% (14.5 vs 7.9, p<0.001) and less N1% (18.2 vs 24.4, p<0.001), without significant differences in TST, N2%, REM%, sleep efficiency or SpO2 nadir. Men had significantly higher all-sleep OSA (median AHI4% 8.8 vs 11.1, p=0.0004; median AHI3A 24.4 vs 27.9, p=0.003) and PLM’s (4.0 vs 7.6/hour, p=0.008) but women had significantly more OSA during REM sleep (median REM AHI4% 16.7 vs 14.0, p=0.01; median REM AHI3A 32.6 vs 27.4, p=0.0002). Inverse non-linear associations were observed between OSA severity and %SWS and %REM with a unique pattern for each sleep stage. The pattern between men and women within each stage appeared similar. Conclusion In this clinical sample of older adults, women exhibit a greater proportion of SWS and worse REM-related OSA then men. Increasing OSA severity is associated with non-linear reductions in %SWS and %REM, and we plan to further investigate these relationships and sexual dimorphism by using quantitative analysis of PSG signals for more precise measures of slow wave activity and breathing physiology than traditional sleep scoring metrics. Support R01AG056682

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The Case of Thematic Tests Adapted to Older Adults

Rorschachiana Journal of the International Society for the Rorschach ◽

10.1027/1192-5604/a000015 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 46-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Benoît Verdon

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Older Persons ◽

Older Men ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Mental Processes ◽

Men And Women ◽

Projective Tests ◽

New Material ◽

Older Men And Women ◽

Latent Content

Since the 1950s, the growing interest of clinicians in using projective tests to study normal or pathological aging processes has led to the creation of several thematic tests for older adults. This development reflects their authors’ belief that the TAT is not suitable to the concerns and anxieties of elderly persons. The new material thus refers explicitly to situations related to age; it aims to enable older persons to express needs they cannot verbalize during consultations. The psychodynamic approach to thematic testing is based on the differentiation between the pictures’ manifest and latent content, eliciting responses linked to mental processes and issues the respondent is unaware of. The cards do not necessarily have to show aging characters to elicit identification: The situations shown in the pictures are linked to loss, rivalry, helplessness, and renunciation, all issues elderly respondents can identify with and that lead them to express their mental fragilities and resources. The article first explains the principles underlying four of these thematic tests, then develops several examples of stories told for card 3BM of the TAT, thus showing the effectiveness of this tool for the understanding and differentiation of loss-related issues facing older men and women.

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Clyde Warrior, 1939–1968

Kalfou A Journal of Comparative and Relational Ethnic Studies ◽

10.15367/kf.v2i1.63 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tiffany Hale

Keyword(s):

Native Americans ◽

Older Men ◽

The United States ◽

Men And Women ◽

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ◽

Political Struggles ◽

Poor People's Campaign ◽

Organizational Leader ◽

Martin Luther King ◽

Older Men And Women

To identify Clyde Warrior as an intellectual subverts prevailing notions of intellectualism. We often think of intellectuals as older men and women whose major contributions are revealed late in life, once the passions of youth have been tempered by experience. Warrior was not this. People frequently imagine intellectuals as existing in isolation, insulated from the demands of regular folk. Warrior was not this either. He was a Ponca, born on the reservation and raised with the influence of his grandparents and community. He was also a renowned singer and powwow fancy dancer, as well as a college student, an organizational leader, a husband, and father of two daughters. Warrior’s political consciousness grew out of the deep connections he maintained to his rural Ponca roots, but he took care to educate himself about the problems affecting Native Americans across the United States as well as colonized peoples globally. As an Oklahoman, he was attuned to race relations in the South and empathized with the struggles of Africans and African Americans. His approach to indigenous political struggles was shaped and informed, for example, by his early and active participation with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and Martin Luther King Jr.’s Poor People’s Campaign.

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