scholarly journals 0301 Different Indices of Vigilant Attention During Sleep Deprivation: Evidence of Multiple Vigilance Constructs?

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A114-A114
Author(s):  
D Lawrence-Sidebottom ◽  
J M Hinson ◽  
P Whitney ◽  
K A Honn ◽  
H Van Dongen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Attention Deficits ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Introduction Total sleep deprivation (TSD) causes profound vigilant attention deficits, with large, trait-like individual differences, as evidenced convincingly by response lapses on the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT). There is debate, however, about the role of vigilant attention deficits in the effects of TSD on other speeded performance tasks besides the PVT. We addressed this issue by testing whether PVT response lapses are related to delays in responding to stimuli under strict deadlines in two decision making tasks. Methods N=54 healthy adults (aged 21-38y; 31 females) completed an in-laboratory TSD study. Following a 10h baseline sleep opportunity, cognitive testing occurred after 25h and 29h of TSD (09:00 and 13:00). Testing included an AX continuous performance task with switch (AX-CPTs), which is a dynamic decision making task requiring subjects to respond to a frequently occurring cue-probe combination; an identical pairs continuous performance task (CPT-IP), which is a 1-back go/no-go task; and a 10min PVT. Lapses (RTs>500ms) on the PVT and target accuracy on the AX-CPTs and CPT-IP were calculated as indices of vigilant attention. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to quantify the stability of individual differences, and absolute rank-order correlation (|ρ|) was used to compare the three indices. Results The stability of individual differences ranged from fair to substantial (PVT: ICC=0.44; AX-CPTs: ICC=0.73; CPT-IP: ICC=0.31). The rank-order correlation between the AX-CPTs and CPT-IP vigilant attention indices was relatively high (|ρ|=0.44), whereas correlations with PVT lapses were much lower (AX-CPTs: |ρ|=0.14; CPT-IP: |ρ|=0.04). Conclusion Individual differences during TSD were moderately stable for each index of vigilant attention, but the relationships between PVT lapses and the other indices were weak. This suggests that any or all of the indices considered here are not pure measures of vigilant attention, or that vigilant attention may constitute multiple, distinct constructs. Support CDMRP grant W81XWH-16-1-0319

scholarly journals Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Brain Bioenergetics, Sleep, and Cognitive Performance in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Trksak ◽  
Bethany K. Bracken ◽  
J. Eric Jensen ◽  
David T. Plante ◽  
David M. Penetar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
Symbol Substitution ◽  
Healthy Control

In cocaine-dependent individuals, sleep is disturbed during cocaine use and abstinence, highlighting the importance of examining the behavioral and homeostatic response to acute sleep loss in these individuals. The current study was designed to identify a differential effect of sleep deprivation on brain bioenergetics, cognitive performance, and sleep between cocaine-dependent and healthy control participants. 14 healthy control and 8 cocaine-dependent participants experienced consecutive nights of baseline, total sleep deprivation, and recovery sleep in the research laboratory. Participants underwent[31]P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) brain imaging, polysomnography, Continuous Performance Task, and Digit Symbol Substitution Task. Following recovery sleep,[31]P MRS scans revealed that cocaine-dependent participants exhibited elevated global brainβ-NTP (direct measure of adenosine triphosphate),α-NTP, and total NTP levels compared to those of healthy controls. Cocaine-dependent participants performed worse on the Continuous Performance Task and Digit Symbol Substitution Task at baseline compared to healthy control participants, but sleep deprivation did not worsen cognitive performance in either group. Enhancements of brain ATP levels in cocaine dependent participants following recovery sleep may reflect a greater impact of sleep deprivation on sleep homeostasis, which may highlight the importance of monitoring sleep during abstinence and the potential influence of sleep loss in drug relapse.

The Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Continuous Performance Task Among Young Men With ADHD

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705471989781
Author(s):  
Orrie Dan ◽  
Ami Cohen ◽  
Kfir Asraf ◽  
Ivgeny Saveliev ◽  
Iris Haimov
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To identify the impact of sleep deprivation on functioning of young adults with or without ADHD on a continuous performance attention task. Method: Thirty-four men ( M age = 25.38) with ( n = 16) or without ( n = 18) ADHD completed a continuous performance task before and after 25 hr of sustained wakefulness in a controlled environment. Results: In both groups, sleep deprivation caused a decline in performance on all variables: omission errors, commission errors, reaction time, and reaction time variability. In addition, the ADHD group made more omission and commission errors, and had greater reaction time variability. Conclusion: Sleep deprivation has a detrimental effect on attention functioning among young adults. In addition, although young adults with ADHD generally perform worse on continuous performance tasks than young adults without ADHD, the groups are similarly affected by sleep deprivation.

The Relationship Between Vigilance Deficits and Traffic Injuries Involving Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. Pless ◽  
H. G. Taylor ◽  
L. Arsenault
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Response Test ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Subjective Evidence

Objective. This study was designed to determine whether there is an increased frequency of deficits in impulse control, vigilance, or both, among child bicyclists or pedestrians who have been injured in traffic accidents, as assessed using objective measures and parent and teacher reports. Research design. This was a case-control study, in which cases were children injured as pedestrians or bicyclists (excluding those with severe head injuries) and controls were those injured as passengers or in some other manner in which the child's behavior was unlikely to be a factor. Setting. Children ages 5 to 15 years presenting to the emergency room of the Montreal Children's Hospital. Participants. For each of 286 cases, two controls were selected, making a total of 848 subjects Among the cases, 172 were injured as pedestrians and 114 as bicyclists. Measures. Children were assessed using the Continuous Performance Task and the Delayed Response Test, both parts of a computerized test battery. Parents and teachers completed the Conners Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire to assess hyperactivity. Results. Cases and controls were similar on most sociodemographic and clinical measures but showed statistically significant differences in mean scores on the Continuous Performance Task measures of omissions and commissions, pointing to differences in vigilance, and on the Delayed Response Test measures of impulsivity. Mean Conners scale scores of both parent and teacher were significantly higher for cases than controls, and those of parents were higher than those of teachers. Conclusions. Among children whose behavior may have been a factor in the occurrence of an injury, there is subjective evidence of increased hyperactivity and objective evidence of deficits in vigilance and attention when compared with closely matched controls. These findings have important implications for prevention.

Genetic Variation of Serotonin Function and Cognitive Control

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1923-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Strobel ◽  
Gesine Dreisbach ◽  
Johannes Müller ◽  
Thomas Goschke ◽  
Burkhard Brocke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Personality

Although it is widely accepted that serotonin plays a pivotal role in the modulation of anxiety- and depression-related personality traits as well as in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders and depression, the role of serotonin in cognition is less clear. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of serotonin in cognitive behaviors by examining the impact of genetic variation in key regulators of serotonergic neurotransmission on behavioral measures in a cognitive control task. Eighty-five healthy participants performed a cued continuous performance task (the AX Continuous Performance Task [AXCPT]) and were genotyped for polymorphisms in the transcriptional control regions of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene (TPH2 G-703T; rs4570625) and the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR). The core result was that individuals lacking the rare TPH2 T allele were not faster than T allele carriers, but committed fewer errors and were less variable in responding. These findings parallel those of a recent study where an enhancement of executive control in individuals without the rare TPH2 T/T genotype was observed. Together with recent evidence that individuals without the T allele exhibit higher scores in anxiety- and depression-related personality traits, our results underscore the role of the TPH2 G-703T polymorphism in the modulation of behavior and raise the intriguing possibility that genetic variants associated with higher negative emotionality may have beneficial effects on some cognitive functions.

Sustained Attention and Grade Retention

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gordon ◽  
Barbara B. Mettelman ◽  
Martin Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Grade Retention ◽  
Academic Failure ◽  
Academic Careers ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
History Of

Two studies are reported which explore the possible relationship between academic failure, as measured by grade retention, and the capacity to sustain attention on a computerized continuous performance task. In a nonreferred sample, 89 children who had been retained at some point in their academic careers showed a higher frequency of abnormal scores on an index of sustained attention than did 93 children who had never repeated a grade. In a sample of children who had been referred for an evaluation of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, children with a history of grade retention had significantly lower scores on the same measure of sustained attention. Results are discussed in terms of the possible contribution of attention deficits to over-all academic achievement, even for children who have not necessarily been referred for a clinical evaluation.

Conjunctive Continuous Performance Task

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilach Shalev ◽  
Anat Ben-Simon ◽  
Carmel Mevorach ◽  
Yoav Cohen ◽  
Yehoshua Tsal
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Performance Task
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