Women with abuse-related PTSD sleep more fitfully but just as long as healthy controls: an actigraphic study

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Friedmann ◽  
Holger Hill ◽  
Philip Santangelo ◽  
Ulrich Ebner-Priemer ◽  
Andreas B Neubauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Subjective Reports ◽  
Ptsd Group

Abstract Study Objectives Subjective reports of sleep impairments are common in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but objective assessments of sleep have yielded mixed results. Methods We investigated sleep via actigraphy and e-diary on 6 consecutive nights in a group of 117 women with PTSD after childhood abuse (CA; PTSD group), a group of 31 mentally healthy women with a history of CA (healthy trauma controls, HTC group) and a group of 36 non-traumatized mentally healthy women (healthy controls, HC group). Results The PTSD group reported lower sleep quality, more nights with nightmares, and shorter sleep duration than both HTC and HC. Actigraphic measures showed more and longer sleep interruptions in the PTSD group compared to HTC and HC, but no difference in sleep duration. While the PTSD group underestimated their sleep duration, both HTC and HC overestimated their sleep duration. HTC did not differ from HC regarding sleep impairments. Conclusions Sleep in women with PTSD after CA seems to be more fragmented but not shorter compared to sleep patterns of mentally healthy control subjects. The results suggest a stronger effect of PTSD psychopathology on sleep compared to the effect of trauma per se.

scholarly journals Incidence of headache after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with history of headache: A cross-sectional study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 033310242110386
Author(s):  
Koji Sekiguchi ◽  
Narumi Watanabe ◽  
Naoki Miyazaki ◽  
Kei Ishizuchi ◽  
Chisato Iba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Migrainous Headache ◽  
Headache Patients

Background Headache is an adverse event of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Whether patients with history of headache suffer more from vaccination-induced headaches is unknown. We aimed to uncover if headache patients develop more headaches after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination than healthy controls. Methods We performed a questionnaire survey for nursing staff in our hospital from April to May 2021. Based on baseline characteristics, we divided the participants into migraine, non-migrainous headache, and healthy control, and examined the occurrence and features of headache after COVID-19 vaccinations. Results We included 171 participants (15.2% migraine and 24.6% non-migrainous headache). Headache incidence after vaccinations was significantly higher in the migraine (69.2%) and non-migrainous headache (71.4%) groups than in the healthy control (37.9%) group. The incidence of headaches was significantly higher after the second dose compared to the first (45.6% vs. 20.5%). Conclusion Migraineurs and non-migrainous headache participants developed more headaches compared to the healthy controls after COVID-19 vaccination.

scholarly journals Paracingulate Sulcus Morphology and Hallucinations in Clinical and Nonclinical Groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane R Garrison ◽  
Charles Fernyhough ◽  
Simon McCarthy-Jones ◽  
Jon S Simons ◽  
Iris E C Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Time History ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Characteristic Symptom ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of

Abstract Hallucinations are a characteristic symptom of psychotic mental health conditions that are also experienced by many individuals without a clinical diagnosis. Hallucinations in schizophrenia have been linked to differences in the length of the paracingulate sulcus (PCS), a structure in the medial prefrontal cortex which has previously been associated with the ability to differentiate perceived and imagined information. We investigated whether this putative morphological basis for hallucinations extends to individuals without a clinical diagnosis, by examining whether nonclinical individuals with hallucinations have shorter PCS than nonclinical individuals without hallucinations. Structural MRI scans were examined from 3 demographically matched groups of individuals: 50 patients with psychotic diagnoses who experienced auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), 50 nonclinical individuals with AVHs, and 50 healthy control subjects with no life-time history of hallucinations. Results were verified using automated data-driven gyrification analyses. Patients with hallucinations had shorter PCS than both healthy controls and nonclinical individuals with hallucinations, with no difference between nonclinical individuals with hallucinations and healthy controls. These findings suggest that the association of shorter PCS length with hallucinations is specific to patients with a psychotic disorder. This presents challenges for full-continuum models of psychosis and suggests possible differences in the mechanisms underlying hallucinations in clinical and nonclinical groups.

Identification With the Aggressor and Inward and Outward Aggression in Abuse Survivors

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093851
Author(s):  
Yael Lahav ◽  
Santiago Allende ◽  
Anat Talmon ◽  
Karni Ginzburg ◽  
David Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Abuse Survivors ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Relational Dynamics ◽  
Identification With The Aggressor ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Violent Acts ◽  
Low Levels

Childhood abuse survivors may display both inward and outward aggression manifested in self-injurious behavior (SIB) and violent acts toward others. Scrutinizing the literature reveals that the relational dynamics between victims and their perpetrators might be involved in these phenomena. Yet, research on this subject matter has been sparse. Filling this gap, this study investigated the contribution of the singular bonds between victims and their perpetrators, known as identification with the aggressor, in explaining survivors’ aggression. The study was conducted among 306 Israeli college/university students who reported a history of childhood abuse. Results revealed that levels of adopting the perpetrator’s experience, identifying with the perpetrator’s aggression, and replacing one’s agency with that of the perpetrator were significantly associated with survivors’ inward and outward aggression. Moreover, profile type—that is, having high versus low levels of identification with the aggressor—was implicated in participants’ SIBs, urge to harm others, and violent acts toward others, above and beyond the effects of gender and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The present findings suggest that identification with the aggressor might make survivors prone to the re-enactment of past abusive dynamics, which, in turn, could eventuate in aggression toward themselves and others.

scholarly journals Cortisol awakening response is decreased in patients with first-episode psychosis and increased in healthy controls with a history of severe childhood abuse

2019 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Ciufolini ◽  
Charlotte Gayer-Anderson ◽  
Helen L. Fisher ◽  
Tiago Reis Marques ◽  
Heather Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Paracingulate sulcus morphology and hallucinations in clinical and non-clinical groups

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane R. Garrison ◽  
Charles Fernyhough ◽  
Simon McCarthy-Jones ◽  
Jon S. Simons ◽  
Iris E.C. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Time History ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

AbstractHallucinations are a characteristic symptom of psychotic mental health conditions that are also experienced by many individuals without a clinical diagnosis. Research has linked the experience of hallucinations in schizophrenia to differences in the length of the paracingulate sulcus (PCS), a structure in the medial prefrontal cortex of the brain which has previously been associated with the ability to differentiate perceived and imagined information. We investigated whether this notion of a specific morphological basis for hallucinations in the paracingulate cortex extends to individuals without a clinical diagnosis by testing the hypothesis that non-clinical individuals with hallucinations have shorter PCS than non-clinical individuals without hallucinations. Structural MRI scans were examined from three demographically matched groups of individuals: 50 patients with psychotic diagnoses who experienced auditory verbal hallucinations, 50 non-clinical individuals with auditory verbal hallucinations, and 50 healthy control subjects with no life-time history of hallucinations. Measurements of paracingulate sulcal length were compared between the groups and the results verified using automated data-driven gyrification analyses. Patients with hallucinations had shorter PCS than both healthy controls and non-clinical individuals with hallucinations, with no difference between non-clinical individuals with hallucinations and healthy controls. These findings suggest that the association of shorter PCS length with hallucinations is specific to patients with a psychotic disorder. This presents challenges for continuum models of psychosis and suggests possible differences in the mechanisms underlying hallucinations in clinical and non-clinical groups.

scholarly journals Comparison of Subjective and Objective Sleep Estimations in Patients with Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Control Subjects

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp S. Ritter ◽  
Cathrin Sauer ◽  
Steffi Pfeiffer ◽  
Michael Bauer ◽  
Andrea Pfennig
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Control

Background. Several studies have described but not formally tested discrepancies between subjective and objective measures of sleep.Study Objectives. To test the hypothesis that patients with bipolar disorder display a systematic bias to underestimate sleep duration and overestimate sleep latency.Methods. Actimetry was used to assess sleep latency and duration in 49 euthymic participants (bipolar = 21; healthy controls = 28) for 5–7 days. Participants simultaneously recorded estimated sleep duration and sleep latency on a daily basis via an online sleep diary. Group differences in the discrepancy between subjective and objective parameters were calculated usingt-tests and corrected for multiple comparisons.Results. Patients with bipolar disorder significantly underestimated their sleep duration but did not overestimate their sleep latency compared to healthy controls.Conclusions. Studies utilizing diaries or questionnaires alone in patients with bipolar disorders may systematically underestimate sleep duration compared to healthy controls. The additional use of objective assessment methods such as actimetry is advisable.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document