scholarly journals Interventions to reduce short-wavelength (“blue”) light exposure at night and their effects on sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Shechter ◽  
Kristal A Quispe ◽  
Jennifer S Mizhquiri Barbecho ◽  
Cody Slater ◽  
Louise Falzon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Short Wavelength Light ◽  
Wavelength Light

Abstract The sleep-wake and circadian cycles are influenced by light, particularly in the short-wavelength portion of the visible spectrum. Most personal light-emitting electronic devices are enriched in this so-called “blue” light. Exposure to these devices in the evening can disturb sleep. Interventions to reduce short-wavelength light exposure before bedtime may reduce adverse effects on sleep. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of wearing color-tinted lenses (e.g. orange or amber) in frames to filter short-wavelength light exposure to the eye before nocturnal sleep. Outcomes were self-reported or objective measures of nocturnal sleep. Relatively few (k = 12) studies have been done. Study findings were inconsistent, with some showing benefit and others showing no effect of intervention. Meta-analyses yielded a small-to-medium magnitude combined effect size for sleep efficiency (Hedge’s g = 0.31; 95% CI: −0.05, 0.66; I2 = 38.16%; k = 7), and a small-to-medium combined effect size for total sleep time (Hedge’s g = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.63; I2 = 12.07%; k = 6). For self-report measures, meta-analysis yielded a large magnitude combined effects size for Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ratings (Hedge’s g = −1.25; 95% CI: −2.39, −0.11; I2 = 36.35%; k = 3) and a medium combined effect size for total sleep time (Hedge’s g = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.84; I2 = 0%; k = 3), Overall, there is some, albeit mixed, evidence that this approach can improve sleep, particularly in individuals with insomnia, bipolar disorder, delayed sleep phase syndrome, or attention-deficit hyperactive disorder. Considering the ubiquitousness of short-wavelength-enriched light sources, future controlled studies to examine the efficacy of this approach to improve sleep are warranted. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018105854.

scholarly journals 0172 Blue-Light Blockers and Sleep: A Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A68-A69
Author(s):  
A Shechter ◽  
K A Quispe ◽  
J S Mizhquiri Barbecho ◽  
L Falzon
Keyword(s):  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Short Wavelength Light ◽  
Wavelength Light

Abstract Introduction Sleep and circadian physiology are influenced by external light, particularly within the short-wavelength portion of the visible spectrum (~450–480 nm). Most personal light-emitting electronic devices (e.g., tablets, smartphones, computers) are enriched in this so-called “blue” light. Interventions to reduce short-wavelength light exposure to the eyes before bedtime may help mitigate adverse effects of light-emitting electronic devices on sleep. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis of intervention studies on the effects of wearing color-tinted lenses (e.g., orange or amber) in frames in the evening before sleep to selectively filter short-wavelength light exposure to the eyes. Outcomes were self-reported or objective (wrist-accelerometer) measures of nocturnal sleep. Databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AMED) were searched from inception to November 2019. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42018105854. Results Ten studies were identified (7 randomized controlled trials; 3 before-after studies). Findings of individual studies were inconsistent, with some showing benefit and others showing no effect of intervention. For objective sleep onset latency, there was a significant modest-sized combined effect (Hedge’s g=-0.52, 95% CI: -1.27-0.24, Z=-2.94, p=0.003, I2=16.6%, k=3). There was a minor but non-statistically significant combined effect for objective sleep efficiency (Hedge’s g=0.24, 95% CI: -0.16–0.64, Z=1.69, p=0.09, I2=23.7%, k=5). There were no significant combined effects for objective measures of total sleep time and wake after sleep onset. For self-reported total sleep time, there was a statistically significant medium-sized combined effect (Hedge’s g=0.61, 95% CI: 0.14–1.09, Z=5.56, p<0.01, I2=0%, k=3). Conclusion There is mixed evidence that this approach can improve sleep. Relatively few studies have been conducted, and most did not assess light levels or melatonin. The “blue-blocker” intervention may be particularly useful in individuals with insomnia, delayed sleep phase syndrome, or attention-deficit hyperactive disorder. Considering the ubiquitousness of short wavelength-enriched light sources and the potential for widespread sleep disturbance, future controlled studies examining the efficacy of this approach to improve sleep are warranted. Support N/A

scholarly journals 0830 Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Sleep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A316-A316
Author(s):  
A G Bezerra ◽  
G Pires ◽  
M L Andersen ◽  
S Tufik ◽  
H Hachul
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Bibliographic Search

Abstract Introduction The effects of hormonal contraceptives on sleep has been matter of debate in current literature. While some articles observed a sleep promoting effect and reduced sleep disordered breathing, others have failed to detect any result or even detected a worse sleep pattern in women using hormonal contraception. As the literature has been growing on this field, a systematic review is necessary to gather and compare all the studies in a comprehensive way. Methods A bibliographic search was conducted in Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science. Studies were selected first based on titles and abstracts, followed by full text analysis and data extraction. Only original studies evaluating women using hormonal contraception were considered eligible. Both objective and subjective sleep-related outcomes were extracted for analyzes. Individual effect size for each articles was calculated using regular or standardized mean differences and meta-analyses were conducted using a DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. Results After the bibliographic search, 1787 non-duplicated articles were included in our initial data screening. Articles sample was reduced to 114 records after abstract screening and to ten studies after full text analyses. The following sleep outcomes were eligible for meta-analysis: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI - 3 studies), total time in bed (4), subjective total sleep time (4), objective total sleep time (3), sleep latency (6), sleep efficiency (6). None of them resulted in statistically significant effects of contraceptive use and the effect size ± 95% interval of confidence overlapped the zero value. Conclusion Hormonal contraceptives is not associated to any alteration in sleep patterns in women. This conclusion should be restricted to a general framework, since our sample does not allowed stratified analyses. Future studies should consider the effect of specific hormonal composition (ex.: combined vs. progestogen-only contraceptives) and administration route (contraceptive pills vs. levonorgestrel intrauterine device). Support AFIP, CAPES, CNPq

Efficacy of Micronized Progesterone for Sleep: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan J Nolan ◽  
Bonnie Liang ◽  
Ada S Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Micronized Progesterone

Abstract Context Preclinical data has shown progesterone metabolites improve sleep parameters through positive allosteric modulation of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess micronized progesterone treatment on sleep outcomes. Evidence Acquisition Using preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized controlled trials of micronized progesterone treatment on sleep outcomes up to March 31, 2020. This study is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, number CRD42020165981. A random effects model was used for quantitative analysis. Evidence Synthesis Our search strategy retrieved 9 randomized controlled trials comprising 388 participants. One additional unpublished trial was found. Eight trials enrolled postmenopausal women. Compared with placebo, micronized progesterone improved various sleep parameters as measured by polysomnography, including total sleep time and sleep onset latency, though studies were inconsistent. Meta-analysis of 4 trials favored micronized progesterone for sleep onset latency (effect size, 7.10; confidence interval [CI] 1.30, 12.91) but not total sleep time (effect size, 20.72; CI -0.16, 41.59) or sleep efficiency (effect size, 1.31; CI -2.09, 4.70). Self-reported sleep outcomes improved in most trials. Concomitant estradiol administration and improvement in vasomotor symptoms limit conclusions in some studies. Conclusions Micronized progesterone improves various sleep outcomes in randomized controlled trials, predominantly in studies enrolling postmenopausal women. Further research could evaluate the efficacy of micronized progesterone monotherapy using polysomnography or validated questionnaires in larger cohorts.

scholarly journals Impact of Virtual Reality Technology on Pain and Anxiety in Pediatric Burn Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Smith ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Luana Colloca
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
Burn Care

Introduction: Virtual reality (VR) has the potential to lessen pain and anxiety experienced by pediatric patients undergoing burn wound care procedures. Population-specific variables require novel technological application and thus, a systematic review among studies on its impact is warranted.Objective: The objective of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of VR on pain in children with burn injuries undergoing wound care procedures.Methods: A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed and CINAHL databases from January 2010 to July 2021 with the keywords “pediatric,” “burn,” “virtual reality,” and “pain.” We included experimental studies of between- and within-subjects designs in which pediatric patients’ exposure to virtual reality technology during burn wound care functioned as the intervention of interest. Two researchers independently performed the literature search, made judgements of inclusion/exclusion based on agreed-upon criteria, abstracted data, and assessed quality of evidence using a standardized appraisal tool. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the VR on burning procedural pain in pediatric population. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used as an index of combined effect size, and a random effect model was used for meta-analysis.Results: Ten articles published between January 2010 and July 2021 passed the selection criteria: six randomized controlled trials and four randomized repeated-measures studies. Consistent results among the studies provided support for VR as effective in reducing pain and potentially pain related anxiety in children undergoing burn wound care through preprocedural preparation (n = 2) and procedural intervention (n = 8). A random effects meta-analysis model indicated a moderate and significant combined effect size (SMD = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.28–0.93, p = 0.0031) of VR effects on pain intensity ratings with no significant heterogeneity of VR intervention effects between studies. Only one study reported direct influence of VR intervention on pre-procedural situational anxiety with a moderate effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.575, 95%CI = 0.11–1.04).Conclusion: Children’s exposure to VR during burn care procedures was associated with lower levels of pain and pain related anxiety. Moderate to large effect sizes support the integration of VR into traditional pediatric burn pain protocols irrespective of innovative delivery methods and content required for use in burned pediatric patients.

scholarly journals Short-Wavelength Light Enhances Cortisol Awakening Response in Sleep-Restricted Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana G. Figueiro ◽  
Mark S. Rea
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
Short Wavelength Light ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rising Time ◽  
Wavelength Light

Levels of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal gland, follow a daily, 24-hour rhythm with concentrations reaching a minimum in the evening and a peak near rising time. In addition, cortisol levels exhibit a sharp peak in concentration within the first hour after waking; this is known as the cortisol awakening response (CAR). The present study is a secondary analysis of a larger study investigating the impact of short-wavelength(λmax≈470 nm)light on CAR in adolescents who were sleep restricted. The study ran over the course of three overnight sessions, at least one week apart. The experimental sessions differed in terms of the light exposure scenarios experienced during the evening prior to sleeping in the laboratory and during the morning after waking from a 4.5-hour sleep opportunity. Eighteen adolescents aged 12–17 years were exposed to dim light or to 40 lux (0.401 W/m2) of 470-nm peaking light for 80 minutes after awakening. Saliva samples were collected every 20 minutes to assess CAR. Exposure to short-wavelength light in the morning significantly enhanced CAR compared to dim light. Morning exposure to short-wavelength light may be a simple, yet practical way to better prepare adolescents for an active day.

scholarly journals Effects of an advanced sleep schedule and morning short wavelength light exposure on circadian phase in young adults with late sleep schedules

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Sharkey ◽  
Mary A. Carskadon ◽  
Mariana G. Figueiro ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Mark S. Rea
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Sleep Schedule ◽  
Short Wavelength Light ◽  
Wavelength Light

scholarly journals The Association between Depression and Suicidal Ideation A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Kaleab Tesfaye Tegegne ◽  
Eleni Tesfaye Tegegne ◽  
Mekibib Kassa Tessema ◽  
Wosenyeleh Semeon Bagajjo ◽  
Muse Rike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Analytic Model

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the association between Depression and suicidal ideation. We use data from six studies to do a meta-analysis. We applied the random-effects analytic model and calculated a pooled odds ratio. The combined effect size showed that odds of suicidal ideation among people with Depression is 4.88 times higher than those peoples without Depression (ORMH 4.88 95%CI 2.04, 11.72) Test for overall effect: Z = 3.55 (P = 0.0004) Heterogeneity: Tau² = 1.11; Chi² = 100.97, df = 5 (P < 0.00001); I² = 95%. The magnitude of suicidal ideation among people with Depression is 46.39% (528) and peoples without Depression is 17.79 % (315) from the total, 39.13 % (1138) is depressed and 60.86% (1779) not depressed. The overall proportion of Suicidal Ideation among the included studies is 28.98 % (843). The total number of study subjects included in our systematic review and meta-analysis is 2908.

scholarly journals Effect of Distraction Intervention for Needle-Related Pain and Distress in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9159
Author(s):  
Mi-Kyoung Cho ◽  
Mi-Young Choi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Single Center ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Comprehensive Data ◽  
Trim And Fill

A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted to evaluate the combined effect of distraction intervention for needle-related pain in order to provide the basis for developing an effective nursing intervention for children. We searched three electronic databases, PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL, for original articles published in the period from 1 January 2011 to 31 July 2019. In addition, a manual search was performed on the basis of references in the literature and the references of the articles in pursuit of comprehensive data until 10 December 2019. Meta-analysis was performed by the synthesis of the effect size, homogeneity, heterogeneity, and trim-and-fill method using MIX 2.0 Pro. Well-planned RCTs, single-center studies, high-quality studies, participants older than 10 years of age, and visual and clown distraction interventions were effective for needle-related pain and distress management among children. The results showed evidence supporting the effect of distraction interventions for children’s needle-related pain and distress. Through this review, strategies were identified to design better interventions to improve the outcomes.

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