scholarly journals Using environmental sampling to evaluate the effectiveness of decontamination methods to reduce detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus RNA on feed manufacturing surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary B Muckey ◽  
Cassandra K Jones ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Chad B Paulk ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Feed Manufacturing ◽  
Ct Value ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Biological Hazard ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a possible biological hazard in feed mills. If the virus enters a feed mill, it becomes widely distributed and is difficult to decontaminate from both feed contact and non-feed contact surfaces. The objective of this study was to evaluate a variety of liquid and dry decontamination treatments that could be used to reduce the amount of PEDV found on feed manufacturing surfaces. This experiment was designed as a 5 × 10 factorial with 5 different feed manufacturing surfaces and 10 decontamination treatments with 3 replicates of each combination. Surfaces included stainless steel, solid polyethylene, woven polypropylene tote bag, rubber, and sealed concrete coupons. One mL (1×10 5 TCID50/mL) of stock PEDV was applied to each surface and allowed to dry completely for 60 min. Next, for decontamination requiring surface application, the application was performed and allowed 15 min contact time. The quantity of PEDV RNA was determined using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. A decontamination treatment × surface interaction was observed (P < 0.0001), indicating the efficacy of treatment is dependent upon the surface in which it is applied. Within the cement surfaces, the sodium hypochlorite resulted in the greatest (P < 0.05) cycle threshold (Ct) value, followed by formaldehyde which had a greater (P < 0.05) Ct value compared to remaining treatments. Within polyethylene, rubber, and stainless steel surfaces, the formaldehyde treated surfaces had the greatest Ct values (P < 0.05), followed by the sodium hypochlorite treatment, with other treatments all having lower Ct values (P < 0.05). For the woven polyethylene surfaces, the formaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite treatments had greater Ct values compared to all other treatments (P < 0.05). Additional research is necessary to identify the role of decontamination treatment on PEDV infectivity and develop methods for decontamination of feed manufacturing facilities.

scholarly journals 163 Utilizing feed sequencing to decrease the risk of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) cross-contamination during feed manufacturing

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. 76-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Schumacher ◽  
R. A. Cochrane ◽  
J. C. Woodworth ◽  
A. R. Huss ◽  
C. R. Stark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Feed Manufacturing ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

scholarly journals Elimination of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in an Animal Feed Manufacturing Facility

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e0169612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne R. Huss ◽  
Loni L. Schumacher ◽  
Roger A. Cochrane ◽  
Elizabeth Poulsen ◽  
Jianfa Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Manufacturing Facility ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Feed Manufacturing ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

scholarly journals One-step triplex reverse-transcription PCR detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine sapelovirus, and porcine sapovirus

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Jiang ◽  
Haijian He ◽  
Chaoying Zhang ◽  
Xiaoju Zhang ◽  
Jianfeng Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Porcine Sapovirus ◽  
One Step ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
Porcine Sapelovirus

Swine diarrhea can be caused by multiple agents, including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine sapelovirus (PSV), and porcine sapovirus (SaV). We designed a one-step triplex reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) detection method including 3 pairs of primers that focused on the S1 gene of PEDV, a conserved gene of PSV, and the VP1 gene of SaV. The optimal concentrations of upstream and downstream primers in the triplex RT-PCR were 0.24 μM for PEDV, 0.15 μM for PSV, and 0.2 μM for SaV, and the optimal annealing temperature was 55.5°C. Triplex RT-PCR assessment of 402 piglet diarrhea samples was compared with conventional individual RT-PCR. Concordance rates in both tests for individual viruses were 100%, 97.6%, and 94.4% for PEDV, PSV, and SaV, respectively. PEDV, PSV, and SaV were detected in 57.2%, 10.4%, and 9.0% of the samples, respectively. The high sensitivity and specificity of this triplex RT-PCR–based detection method for PEDV, PSV, and SaV could allow rapid detection and analysis of mixed infections by these 3 viruses.

scholarly journals Determining the impact of commercial feed additives as potential porcine epidemic diarrhea virus mitigation strategies as determined by polymerase chain reaction analysis and bioassay1

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan T Gebhardt ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Cassandra K Jones ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Philip C Gauger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Ct Value ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Mitigation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was assessed using two feed additives (0.5% inclusion of a benzoic acid [BA] product and 0.02% inclusion of an essential oil [EO] product; DSM Nutritional Products Inc., Parsippany, NJ), and combination of both products (0.5% BA and 0.02% EO) in spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) and a swine gestation diet (FEED) as determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and bioassay. Viral RNA quantification was performed at 7 sampling days post-laboratory inoculation (d 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 42) and infectivity was assessed via bioassay with 10-d-old pigs. There was a tendency for treatment × feed matrix × day interaction (P = 0.094), in which the cycle threshold (Ct) value increased over time in FEED when treated with both feed additives, whereas there was no increase over time observed in SDPP treated with both feed additives. There was a feed matrix × day interaction (P < 0.001) in which Ct increased over time in FEED, whereas very little increase over time was observed in SDPP. A tendency for a treatment × feed matrix effect (P = 0.085) was observed where FEED treated with the combination of EO and BA had a greater (P < 0.05) PEDV Ct value than other FEED treatments, and all SDPP treatments had the lower PEDV Ct values compared to FEED treatments (P < 0.05). Overall, the combination of both feed additives was most effective at reducing the quantity of genetic material as detected by qRT-PCR (P < 0.001) compared to either additive alone or no feed additive. Virus shedding was observed in the d 7 postinoculation SDPP treatment that was treated with both feed additives, as well as d 0 untreated FEED and d 0 FEED treated with both feed additives. No other treatment bioassay room had detectible RNA shed and detected in fecal swabs or cecal contents. In summary, the combination of EO and BA enhanced the degradation of PEDV RNA in feed but had little impact on RNA degradation in SDPP. Both untreated feed and feed treated with the combination of EO and BA resulted in infection at d 0 post-laboratory inoculation; however, neither set of samples was infective at d 1 postinoculation. In addition, SDPP harbored greater levels of quantifiable RNA for a longer duration of time compared to FEED, and these viral particles remained viable for a longer duration of time indicating differences in viral stability exist between different feed matrices.

PSVI-7 Evaluation of Feed Mitigant Efficacy for Control of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus When Inoculated Either Alone or Together

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 217-218
Author(s):  
Catherine Elijah ◽  
G E Nichols ◽  
J T Gebhardt ◽  
Cassandra K Jones ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Ct Value ◽  
Des Moines ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
Single Reaction

Abstract Research has demonstrated that swine feed can be a fomite for viral transmission and certain feed additives can effectively reduce viral contamination. However, additional information is needed to evaluate the efficacy of additives when feed is inoculated with more than one virus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two feed additives for mitigation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) when inoculated individually or together. Feed additives included: 1) no treatment, 2) 0.33% commercial formaldehyde-based product (Sal Curb, Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA), and 3) 0.50% medium chain fatty acids blend (MCFA; 1:1:1 ratio of C6:C8:C10, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Samples were inoculated with PEDV and PRRSV alone or together at an inoculation concentration of 106 TCID50/g for all viruses. Once inoculated, feed was stored at ambient temperature for 24-h before analyzed via qRT-PCR. For samples inoculated with PEDV or PRRSV alone, a qRT-PCR assay was used which was designed to detect PEDV or PRRSV nucleic acid. For co-inoculated samples, an assay was designed to independently detect both PEDV and PRRSV within a single reaction. For PEDV alone, there was marginally significant evidence that feed additives resulted in differences in cycle threshold (Ct) value (P = 0.052), but no evidence was observed for pairwise differences. For PRRSV alone, formaldehyde increased Ct compared to the untreated control and MCFA treatment (P < 0.05). For co-infection of PRRSV and PEDV, MCFA and formaldehyde increased Ct (P < 0.05) in comparison to non-treated feed. In summary, formaldehyde increased Ct values in feed when contaminated with PRRSV while both mitigants increased Ct value in feed when co-inoculated with PRRSV and PEDV.

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