Global Food and Nutrition Challenges

For decades, global food security has not been able to address the structural problem of economic access to food, resulting in a recent increase in the number of undernourished people from 2014. In addition, the FAO estimates that the number of undernourished people drastically increased by 82–132 million people in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. To alleviate this dramatic growth in food insecurity, it is necessary to understand the nature of the increase in the number of malnourished during the pandemic. In order to address this, we gathered and synthesized food-security-related empirical results from the first year of the pandemic in a systematic review. The vast majority (78%) of the 51 included articles reported household food insecurity has increased (access, utilization) and/or disruption to food production (availability) was a result of households having persistently low income and not having an adequate amount of savings. These households could not afford the same quality and/or quantity of food, and a demand shortfall immediately appeared on the producer side. Producers thus had to deal not only with the direct consequences of government measures (disruption in labor flow, lack of demand of the catering sector, etc.) but also with a decline in consumption from low-income households. We conclude that the factor that most negatively affects food security during the COVID-19 pandemic is the same as the deepest structural problem of global food security: low income. Therefore, we argue that there is no need for new global food security objectives, but there is a need for an even stronger emphasis on poverty reduction and raising the wages of low-income households. This structural adjustment is the most fundamental step to recover from the COVID-19 food crises, and to avoid possible future food security crises.

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Food insecurity in families with children under five years of age on the Brazil-Peru Amazon border

Journal of Human Growth and Development ◽

10.7322/jhgd.122761 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 307 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alanderson Alves Ramalho ◽

Saulo Augusto Silva Mantovani ◽

Humberto Oliart-Guzmán ◽

Fernando Luiz Cunha Castelo Branco ◽

Athos Muniz Braña ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Wood Floor ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

Households With Children ◽

Families With Children ◽

Main Factor

Food and nutrition security is the regular and permanent access to quality food in sufficient quantity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with food insecurity in households with children under five in the Amazon frontier Brazil - Peru. The study was conducted in 352 households in Assis Brasil (Brazil) and 89 households Iñapari (Peru), finding a prevalence of food insecurity of 40.6 % and 38.2 % , respectively ( p = 0.856 ) . In Assis Brasil, having domicile with wood floors or land increased by 2.47 times the odds of food insecurity compared to cement fl oors, ceramic or quarry tiles . Belonging to the poorest tertile increased the chance of food insecurity in 6.04 times ( p < 0.001 ), and the increment of each new resident increased by 37 % the chance of food insecurity in the household . In Iñapari, only living in house made of wood or with a wood floor was associated with food insecurity, showing that income is still the main factor associated with food insecurity in the Amazonian borders.

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Examining the impact of COVID-19 and its related lockdown on food security and job losses: A case of Kumasi, Ghana

10.21203/rs.3.rs-992274/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Frank Adusei

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Online Marketing ◽

Time Range ◽

Food And Nutrition Security ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

Abstract The COVID-19 and partial lockdown has brought significant effects on the entire economy, especially on food security and job losses. This study was carried out in Asokwa Municipal with the objective of examining the impact of COVID-19 disease and its related lockdown on food and nutrition security and job losses. The study site form part of the cities in Ghana to experience the partial lockdown, hence it qualifies for the selection. Both primary and secondary data were used. By means of purposive sampling technique, fifty respondents were selected as sample size. The study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive and narrative posture to the presentation, discussion and analysis of data. Open-ended questionnaire and a checklist were used for data collection through semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that, food and nutrition insecurity, job loss and income reductions are still very common, affecting participants livelihood. Disproportionally affected are households whose income comes from farming, transporters, informal labour, as well as marketers.It was concluded that food insecurity is not outside the impact of COVID-19 and its associated partial lockdown. Food and nutrition security are the global concern at present circumstances. The supply chain has been hit hardest by COVID-19, which causes food insecurity of most vulnerable segment of population which put them at risk. And also, most of the migrant, informal, seasonal farm workers were losing their jobs which may affect their demand for food. Therefore, the government should step-up the measures to control the pandemic without disturbing the food supply chain. The development and use of online marketing strategies where people can make orders of various produce and booked for purchases and or deliveries during a stated time range should be promoted.

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GROWING GLOBAL FOOD INSECURITY

By Bread Alone ◽

10.1016/b978-0-08-019794-4.50010-1 ◽

1975 ◽

pp. 58-72

Author(s):

LESTER R. BROWN ◽

ERIK P. ECKHOLM

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Global Food

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Dynamics and innovative technologies affecting diets: implications on global food and nutrition security

Food Security and Nutrition ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-820521-1.00011-3 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 257-276

Author(s):

Adriana María Descalzo ◽

Dario Gabriel Pighin ◽

Claudie Dhuique-Mayer ◽

Jose Manuel Lorenzo ◽

Gabriela Maria Grigioni

Keyword(s):

Innovative Technologies ◽

Food And Nutrition Security ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

Global Food

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An Integrated Global Food and Energy Security System Dynamics Model for Addressing Systemic Risk

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11143995 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 3995 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Roberto Pasqualino ◽

Irene Monasterolo ◽

Aled Jones

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Population Growth ◽

System Dynamics ◽

Systemic Risk ◽

Land Development ◽

Climate Extreme ◽

System Dynamics Model ◽

Dynamics Model ◽

The Impact ◽

Global Food

In 1972, The Limits to Growth, using the World3 System Dynamics model, modeled for the first time the long-term risk of food security, which would emerge from the complex relation between capital and population growth within the limits of the planet. In this paper, we present a novel system dynamics model to explore the short-term dynamics of the food and energy system within the wider global economic framework. By merging structures of the World3, Money, and Macroeconomy Dynamics (MMD) and the Energy Transition and the Economy (ETE) models, we present a closed system global economy model, where growth is driven by population growth and government debt. The agricultural sector is a general disequilibrium productive sector grounded on World3, where capital investment and land development decisions are made to meet population food need, thus generating cascade demands for the energy and capital sector. Energy and Capital Sectors employ a more standard economic approach in line with MMD and ETE. By taking into account the role of financial, real, and natural capital, the model can be used to explore alternative scenarios driven by uncertainty and risk, such as climate extreme events and their impacts on food production. The paper presents scenario analysis of the impact of an exogenous price, production, and subsidies shock in the food and/or energy dimensions on the economic system, understanding the sources of potential cascade effects, thus providing a systemic risk assessment tool to inform global food security policies.

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