The terminalia of the superfamily Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera): specific glossary, dissecting methodology, techniques and previously unrecorded sexual dimorphism in some difficult groups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana P Cristóvão ◽  
Fernando Z Vaz-De-Mello
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
First Time

Abstract The terminology used for the morphological structures of the abdomen as well as male and female genitalia across the superfamily Scarabaeoidea is discussed, based on a literature review across the group. Issues relating to the orientation of the male terminalia and potential homologies between the ‘genital capsule’- and ‘spiculum gastrale’-bearing taxa are discussed and standardisation of terminology pertaining to some ambiguous terms is proposed. A Scarabaeoidea-specific glossary is presented, and synonyms across the literature are given. Schematic illustrations of the abdomen and terminalia are provided. Some new morphological structures are here described for the first time. A standardised dissection protocol for male and female Scarabaeoidea is proposed. Sexually dimorphic structures in the abdomen of Pleurosticti (Dynastinae, Rutelinae, Melolonthinae and Cetoniinae), Glaphyridae, Phaenomeridinae, Passalidae and Omorgus (Trogidae) are described and illustrated for the first time, providing future workers with the possibility to determine the sex of specimens based on external characters without the need for dissection.

Revision of New Caledonian species of Eumolpinae described by K. M. Heller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3060 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
JESÚS GÓMEZ-ZURITA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
New Information ◽  
Taxonomic Research ◽  
New Material ◽  
First Time

The Chrysomelidae of New Caledonia are rich and unique, but insufficiently characterized. New species are being rapidly described, sometimes without careful study of the earlier taxonomic research. Karl M. Heller (Dresden, Germany) described in 1916 seven species of Eumolpinae which are redescribed here to distinguish them from other known species and to provide new information about sexual dimorphism and genitalic structures. New material is used to redefine their distribution. The males of Dematochroma lepros (Heller, 1916) and D. culminicola (Heller, 1916), and the female of D. difficilis (Heller, 1916) are described for the first time. Male and female genitalia are first described for seven and five species, respectively. D. difficilis (Heller, 1916) stat. rev., is revalidated from previous synonymy with D. terastiomerus (Heller, 1916). Lectotypes are designated for D. humboldtiana and D. terastiomerus.

Evolution of the cloacal and genital musculature, and the genitalia morphology in liolemid lizards (Iguania: Liolaemidae) with remarks on their phylogenetic bearing

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías Quipildor ◽  
Virginia Abdala ◽  
Roy Santa Cruz Farfán ◽  
Fernando Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
First Time

In this study, we describe the intra- and interspecific anatomical variations of cloacal and related muscles of male and female genitalia in species of five iguanian genera (three liolemid:Ctenoblepharys,Liolaemus, andPhymaturusplusDiplolaemusleopardinusandTropidurusmelanopleurusas outgroups). We found variations (seventeen characters) in topology, origin and insertion areas, tendon morphology and size of the musculature of this region. We also describe the variations of hemipeneal morphology, which is especially notable for the hemipenis ofC. adspersa,D. leopardinus, andT. melanopleurus, as this is first time they are described in the literature. Among the most significant findings are the identification of three new muscles, two of them inserted on the roof of the cloacal chamber (anterior and posterior cloacal retractor) and the third inserted superficially in the floor of the cloaca, just before anterior to the precloacal glands row (superficialis cloacalis retractor). We report sexual dimorphism in seven muscle characters. Musculature related to hemiclitoris is reduced in proportion to its size in comparison to the degree of development of male genitalia and associated musculature. The evolution of characters was traced on the known phylogenetic hypotheses of relationships among families. Characters taken from the cloacal/genital myology bring similar support to the liolaemid tree even rooting the analysis using different outgroups. In addition, a phylogenetic study using only myological characters was performed. In this case,C. adspersawas found to be more related toLiolaemusspecies instead of being basal toLiolaemusplusPhymaturus.

A review of the little known genus Wockia (Lepidoptera: Urodidae) in Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
S.Yu. Sinev
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Zoological Institute ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
First Time ◽  
Subjective Synonym

Three species of the genus Wockia Heinemann, 1870, which are so far known in Russia are reviewed; their male and female genitalia are illustrated, and a key for identification is provided. Two species, W. koreana Sohn, 2008, and W. magna Sohn, 2014, which were recently described from East Asia, are for the first time reported from Russia. The investigation of the holotype of W. funebrella Heinemann, 1870, discovered in the collection of the Zoological Institute RAS (St Petersburg), confirmed that this species is a junior subjective synonym of W. asperipunctella (Bruand, 1851). The distribution of Palaearctic species of the genus is discussed shortly.

The melanocortin-3 receptor is a pharmacological target for the regulation of anorexia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (590) ◽  
pp. eabd6434
Author(s):  
Patrick Sweeney ◽  
Michelle N. Bedenbaugh ◽  
Jose Maldonado ◽  
Pauline Pan ◽  
Katelyn Fowler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Bidirectional Regulation ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Agouti Related Protein

Ablation of hypothalamic AgRP (Agouti-related protein) neurons is known to lead to fatal anorexia, whereas their activation stimulates voracious feeding and suppresses other motivational states including fear and anxiety. Despite the critical role of AgRP neurons in bidirectionally controlling feeding, there are currently no therapeutics available specifically targeting this circuitry. The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) is expressed in multiple brain regions and exhibits sexual dimorphism of expression in some of those regions in both mice and humans. MC3R deletion produced multiple forms of sexually dimorphic anorexia that resembled aspects of human anorexia nervosa. However, there was no sexual dimorphism in the expression of MC3R in AgRP neurons, 97% of which expressed MC3R. Chemogenetic manipulation of arcuate MC3R neurons and pharmacologic manipulation of MC3R each exerted potent bidirectional regulation over feeding behavior in male and female mice, whereas global ablation of MC3R-expressing cells produced fatal anorexia. Pharmacological effects of MC3R compounds on feeding were dependent on intact AgRP circuitry in the mice. Thus, the dominant effect of MC3R appears to be the regulation of the AgRP circuitry in both male and female mice, with sexually dimorphic sites playing specialized and subordinate roles in feeding behavior. Therefore, MC3R is a potential therapeutic target for disorders characterized by anorexia, as well as a potential target for weight loss therapeutics.

scholarly journals Four new species of Euphyllodromia (Ectobiidae, Pseudophyllodromiinae) from the Amazon region (Brazil) and description of the genitalia of E. amazonensis Rocha e Silva, 1984

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Maria Lopes ◽  
Leonardo de Oliveira Cardoso da Silva
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
First Time

Four new species of Euphyllodromia Shelford, 1908 (E. spathulata, E. nigromaculata, E. neoelegans and E. spiculata) are described. Their male genitalia are illustrated. The female genitalia of E. spiculata and E. nigromaculata are also illustrated. Diagnostic characters of the head, thorax and abdomen of E. amazonensis Rocha e Silva, 1984 are reiterated, illustrated and combined with the description of the male and female genitalia for the first time. A key is provided to include the species treated here.

scholarly journals Performance, but not size, of hindleg weaponry is sexually dimorphic in the giant mesquite bug (Thasus neocalifornicus)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zackary A. Graham ◽  
Nicole Kaiser ◽  
Alexandre V. Palaoro
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Aggressive Interaction ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Sexual Dimorphisms

ABSTRACTIn many species, males possess specialized weaponry that have evolved to confer a benefit during aggressive interactions. Because male weaponry is typically an exaggerated or extreme version of pre-existing body parts, females often possess reduced or weaponry. Although much research has investigated sexual dimorphism in the sizes of such weapons, other weapon components, such as weapon performance or alternative weapon forms can also explain the evolution of weapon sexual dimorphisms. Here, we investigated the allometry and variation of multiple weapon components of hindleg weaponry in the male and female giant mesquite bugs, Thasus necalifornicus. Despite theory predicating greater allocation in male weaponry, we found that females allocated more into the lengths of their hindlegs compared to males. Despite this allocation, males possess relatively wider hindlegs, which likely increase area of muscle mass. Indeed, the squeezing performance of male hindlegs was much greater than that of female hindlegs. Lastly, we also described the allometry and variation in a male weapon component, prominent tibial spines, which likely are used to damage competitors during aggressive interaction. Overall, our findings highlight the intricacies of weapon sexual dimorphism and demonstrate the importance of measuring multiple weapon components and not a single measure.

On the taxonomy of the genus Afrasura Durante, 2009, with description of a new species from Tanzania (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4608 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
ANTON V. VOLYNKIN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Present paper contains description of a new species, Afrasura tanzaniae Volynkin, sp. nov. from Tanzania. The new species is related to Afrasura rivulosa (Walker, 1854). Male of Afrasura pallescens Durante, 2009 is illustrated here for the first time, with its re-description provided. Afrasura terlineata Durante, 2009 is transferred to the genus Siccia Walker, 1854: Siccia terlineata (Durante, 2009), comb. nov. Adults, male and female genitalia of all species mentioned are illustrated. 

scholarly journals Ypsolopha rhinolophi sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Ypsolophidae), a new species from Portugal and France unveiled by bats

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4609 (3) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN CORLEY ◽  
SÓNIA FERREIRA ◽  
VANESSA A. MATA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Quercus Pyrenaica ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Northern Portugal ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Horseshoe Bats

A new species Ypsolopha rhinolophi Corley is described from northern Portugal and south-east France. It resembles Y. alpella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) and Y. lucella (Fabricius, 1775) but shows clear differences from both species in DNA barcode and in male and female genitalia. Male genitalia of Y. lucella are illustrated for the first time. The new species has been collected at light, reared from larvae on Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and recognised from DNA barcode fragments obtained from droppings of horseshoe bats. 

New species of Endoclita (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) and revived species status of E. kosemponis from Taiwan

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4551 (4) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
ULF BUCHSBAUM ◽  
JOHN R. GREHAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Species Status ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Preliminary Comparison ◽  
Future Evaluation ◽  
First Time

Two species of Endoclita C. &. R. Felder, 1874 from Taiwan are evaluated for their taxonomic status: Endoclita meifenga Buchsbaum & Grehan sp. n. is described as new for a unique male from the central mountains of Taiwan, and E. kosemponis (Strand, 1916), stat. rev. is elevated to species status. We show that the forewing markings and genitalic characteristics of E. meifenga sp. n. distinguish this species from all other Endoclita. The external appearance of E. kosemponis is similar to E. sinensis (Moore, 1877) but the two species show distinct differences in the male and female genitalia. Preliminary comparison of E. sinensis from Taiwan and Japan suggests they represent more than one species. A sample of the COI gene was sequenced for E. meifenga sp. n. and the primary types of E. meifenga sp. n. and E. kosemponis sp. n. are illustrated here for the first time. The taxonomic status of the non endemic Taiwanese E. davidi (Poujade, 1886) and E. sinensis needs future evaluation. 

A revision of the genus Lophomilia Warren, 1913 with description of four new species from East Asia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Hypeninae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR KONONENKO ◽  
Gottfried Behounek
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The East Asian noctuid genus Lophomilia Warren, 1913 (=Atuntsea Berio, 1977, Bryograpta Sugi, 1977) is revised. Four new species (L. nekrasovi sp. n., L. rustica sp. n., L. diehli sp. n., and L. kobesi sp. n.) are described from Russian Far East, Korea, China and Indonesia, Sumatra. Lophomilia takao Sugi, 1962 and Lophomilia albicosta Yoshimoto 1995 are reported for the first time from China; Lophomilia polybapta (Butler, 1879) is first reported from Russia. The male and female genitalia of most species are described, adults of 12 species from East Asia are illustrated, and distribution maps for all species are presented.

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