Beet curly top: America's first serious disease of sugar beets

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Serious Disease

A STUDY OF SUGAR BEET ROOTROT IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO

1949 ◽  
Vol 27c (6) ◽  
pp. 284-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. McKeen
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Acute Attack ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Aphanomyces Cochlioides ◽  
Parasitic Activity ◽  
Serious Disease

In southern Ontario rootrot of sugar beets may be caused by Aphanomyces cochlioides Drechs., Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitz., Pythium ultimum Trow, or Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn. The distribution of these fungi was found to be limited to soil type rather than to locality, A. cochlioides thus being found in the clay soils and P. aphanidermatum only in the sand loam. They were not present in the subsoil and were most abundant in the top two or three inches of surface soil. A. cochlioides, which was found for the first time in Canada in 1946, causes the so-called blackroot of sugar beets, and is the most economically important pathogen encountered. Blackroot appears either as an early acute attack or a later chronic one, but the acute phase is of major importance and occurs in epiphytotics during seedling development, usually when the beet is from two to five weeks old. Weather records and experiments have shown that serious disease outbreaks only occur when moisture is abundant and soil temperature exceeds 60° F. Susceptibility is sharply correlated with the developmental rhythm of the seedling and ends when the cortex of the hypocotyl is sloughed off. A. cochlioides is homothallic, attacks the hypocotyl of the beet, and develops in the intercellular spaces of the cortex. It will not grow at relative humidities of less than 99% and this sensitivity to all but extremely high humidity is believed to limit its parasitic activity. Microbiological studies indicated that the number of organisms in the rhizosphere of diseased sugar beet roots is much larger than in that of healthy beet roots. Since parallel rhizosphere responses followed local artificial killing of roots, they are believed to be due in part at least to the utilization of necrotic tissues or substances released on their breakdown. Streptomycin, but not penicillin, was effective in controlling rootrot in greenhouse experiments. Control with Arasan is achieved in part through a direct fungicidal action, but the evidence suggests that it may be due to a shift in the microbiological balance of the soil flora unfavorable to the pathogen.

Heyward G. Leavitt's Influence on Sugar Beets and Irrigation in Nebraska

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-392
Author(s):  
Jack R. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beets

Diagnostic approach to causes of spinal pain

2018 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
F. D. Nasirova
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Pain ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
History Of ◽  
Radiologic Investigation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Pain At Rest ◽  
Oncologic Diseases ◽  
Selection Of

Causes of spinal pain are extremely varying. Sex composition of patients referring with spinal pain at the age of 16 to 35 was 35% and 65% for males and females, respectively. Peak number of complaints was observed in 30-40 years age group of highest work ability. The followings should be considered as precautions in spinal pain: onset of pain at the age of 20 and after 50, family history of oncologic diseases, walking disorders or dysfunctions of sphincters, numbness in extremities, general malaise and rapid loss of weight, pain at rest and primarily at night, as these conditions may be a warning of underlying serious disease. Selection of algorithm for radiologic investigation is decided by the treating physician.

Productivity of sugar beets depending on the method of main soil tillage and levels of fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
M. L. Tyrus
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Fertilization Level

Soil tillage and fertilization level are important in the system of agro-technical measures that increase soil fertility and sugar beets productivity. Today the cultivation of this crop requires a great deal of expense, therefore, there is a need for a wider study of the use of cheap soil cultivation, soil protection, energy-saving soil tillage technologies and appropriate ferti-lization levels. Under western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine conditions, investigations were conducted on dark grey podzolic light loamy soils where the influence of tillage models and fertilization levels on the formation of sugar beets root crops was studied. Shallow no-plow tillage of the soil on 14-16 cm is expedient to use as a main tillage under sugar beets. Under favorable weather and climatic conditions, it can provide yielding capacity at the level of deep fall plowing. The use of shallow no-plow tillage helped to increase the yielding capacity of sugar beet roots relative to plowing by 28-30 cm for 1.3 t / ha and the biological sugar output – for 0.2 t / ha. Then the sugar content was by 0.1% higher in the application of deep fall plowing on 28-30 cm. The optimization of the system of sugar beets fertilization allows ensuring the growth of the yielding capacity of root crops. It is established that the application of fertilizer norm N300P225K350 provides the yielding capacity at the level of 90 t / ha. The sugar content of root crops at the given fertilizer rate was the lowest in the experiment - 16.5 – 16.6%. Thanks to the high yielding capacity of root crops in terms of N300P225K350, the sugar harvesting was the highest and depending on the method of basic soil tillage was 14.95 – 14.79 t / ha. That is in 3.2 times more as to the control, in 1.3 times more than the norm of N180P135K210 and in 1.1 more than the fertilization level N240P180K280.

On the Damage of Cercospora Leaf Spot of Sugar Beets Caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc.

1968 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Wataru IIDA ◽  
Kazuichi KUDO ◽  
Takashi KIMIGAFUKURO
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Cercospora Beticola ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Sugar Beets

CONVISO® SMART – an innovative approach of weed control in sugar beet

2016 ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wegener ◽  
Natalie Balgheim ◽  
Maik Klie ◽  
Carsten Stibbe ◽  
Bernd Holtschulte
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
Bayer Cropscience ◽  
Als Inhibitor

KWS SAAT SE and Bayer CropScience AG are jointly developing and commercializing an innovative system of weed control in sugar beet for the global market under the name of CONVISO SMART. The technology is based on the breeding of sugar beet cultivars that are tolerant to herbicides of the ALS-inhibitor-class with a broad-spectrum weed control. This will give farmers a new opportunity to make sugar beet cultivation easier, more flexible in its timing and more efficient. The use of CONVISO, as new herbicide in sugar beet, will make it possible to control major weeds with low dose rates of product and reduced number of applications in the future. The tolerance is based on a change in the enzyme acetholactate synthase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of essential amino acids. This variation can occur spontaneously during cell division. During the development, sugar beets with this spontaneously changed enzyme were specifically selected and used for further breeding of CONVISO SMART cultivars. As such, these varieties are not a product of genetic modification. Field studies with CONVISO SMART hybrids showed complete crop selectivity and a broad and reliable efficacy against a large range of major weeds. The bio-dossier for an EU-wide registration of CONVISO was submitted in April in 2015. The variety inscription process is in preparation in different countries. The system CONVISO SMART is scheduled to be available to farmers in 2018 at the earliest.

Determination of microbiological activity during the processing of frost damaged sugar beets

2014 ◽  
pp. 228-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Wojtczak ◽  
Aneta Antczak-Chrobot ◽  
Edyta Chmal-Fudali ◽  
Agnieszka Papiewska
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Bacterial Metabolites ◽  
Kinetics Of

The aim of the study is to evaluate the kinetics of the synthesis of dextran and other bacterial metabolites as markers of microbiological contamination of sugar beet.

Compensation Response of Drip-irrigated Sugar Beets (Beta vulgaris L.) to Different Water Deficits during Storage Root Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1727
Author(s):  
Yang-Yang LI ◽  
Cong FEI ◽  
Jing CUI ◽  
Kai-Yong WANG ◽  
Fu-Yu MA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Storage Root Development
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