scholarly journals The de novo Biosynthesis of Vitamin B6 Is Required for Disease Resistance Against Botrytis cinerea in Tomato

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 688-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafen Zhang ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
Zhigang Ouyang ◽  
Lei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Salvage Pathway ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis

Vitamin B6 (VB6), an essential cofactor for numerous metabolic enzymes, has recently been shown to act as a potent antioxidant and play important roles in developmental processes and stress responses. However, little is known about the possible function of VB6 in plant disease resistance response against pathogen infection. In the present study, we explored the possible involvement of VB6 in defense response against Botrytis cinerea through functional analysis of tomato VB6 biosynthetic genes. Three de novo VB6 biosynthetic genes (SlPDX1.2, SlPDX1.3, and SlPDX2) and one salvage pathway gene (SlSOS4) were identified and the SlPDX1.2, SlPDX1.3, and SlPDX2 genes were shown to encode functional enzymes involved in de novo biosynthesis of VB6, as revealed by complementation of the VB6 prototrophy in yeast snz1 and sno1 mutants. Expression of SlPDX1.2, SlPDX1.3, and SlSOS4 genes was induced by infection with B. cinerea. Virus-induced gene silencing-mediated knockdown of SlPDX1.2 or SlPDX1.3 but not SlPDX2 and SlSOS4 led to increased severity of disease caused by B. cinerea, indicating that the VB6 de novo biosynthetic pathway but not the salvage pathway is involved in tomato defense response against B. cinerea. Furthermore, the SlPDX1.2- and SlPDX1.3-silenced tomato plants exhibited reduced levels of VB6 contents and reactive oxygen species scavenging capability, increased levels of superoxide anion and H2O2 generation, and increased activity of superoxide dismutase after infection by B. cinerea. Our results suggest that VB6 and its de novo biosynthetic pathway play important roles in regulation of defense response against B. cinerea through modulating cellular antioxidant capacity.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic debugging of a complete human biosynthetic pathway transplanted into yeast

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neta Agmon ◽  
Jasmine Temple ◽  
Zuojian Tang ◽  
Tobias Schraink ◽  
Maayan Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Enzyme Regulation ◽  
Metabolite Level ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis ◽  
Human Ortholog ◽  
Pathway Regulation ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Suppressor Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Cross-species pathway transplantation enables insight into a biological process not possible through traditional approaches. We replaced the enzymes catalyzing the entire Saccharomyces cerevisiae adenine de novo biosynthesis pathway with the human pathway. While the ‘humanized’ yeast grew in the absence of adenine, it did so poorly. Dissection of the phenotype revealed that PPAT, the human ortholog of ADE4, showed only partial function whereas all other genes complemented fully. Suppressor analysis revealed other pathways that play a role in adenine de-novo pathway regulation. Phylogenetic analysis pointed to adaptations of enzyme regulation to endogenous metabolite level ‘setpoints’ in diverse organisms. Using DNA shuffling, we isolated specific amino acids combinations that stabilize the human protein in yeast. Thus, using adenine de novo biosynthesis as a proof of concept, we suggest that the engineering methods used in this study as well as the debugging strategies can be utilized to transplant metabolic pathway from any origin into yeast.

scholarly journals Vitamin B6 is essential for serine de novo biosynthesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rúben J. Ramos ◽  
Mia L. Pras-Raves ◽  
Johan Gerrits ◽  
Maria van der Ham ◽  
Marcel Willemsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
De Novo ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for de novo biosynthesis of vitamin B12

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Fang ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Jie Kang ◽  
Pingtao Jiang ◽  
Jibin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Rhodobacter Capsulatus ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
E Coli ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis ◽  
Optimization Of Fermentation ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

ABSTRACTThe only known source of vitamin B12 (adenosylcobalamin) is from bacteria and archaea, and the only unknown step in its biosynthesis is the production of the intermediate adenosylcobinamide phosphate. Here, using genetic and metabolic engineering, we generated an Escherichia coli strain that produces vitamin B12 via an engineered de novo aerobic biosynthetic pathway. Excitingly, the BluE and CobC enzymes from Rhodobacter capsulatus transform L-threonine into (R)-1-Amino-2-propanol O-2-Phosphate, which is then condensed with adenosylcobyric acid to yield adenosylcobinamide phosphate by either CobD from the aeroic R. capsulatus or CbiB from the anerobic Salmonella typhimurium. These findings suggest that the biosynthetic steps from co(II)byrinic acid a,c-diamide to adocobalamin are the same in both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Finally, we increased the vitamin B12 yield of a recombinant E. coli strain by more than ∼250-fold to 307.00 µg/g DCW via metabolic engineering and optimization of fermentation conditions. Beyond our scientific insights about the aerobic and anaerobic pathways and our demonstration of E. coli as a microbial biosynthetic platform for vitamin B12 production, our study offers an encouraging example of how the several dozen proteins of a complex biosynthetic pathway can be transferred between organisms to facilitate industrial production.

scholarly journals Multiple reference genome sequences of hot pepper reveal the massive evolution of plant disease resistance genes by retroduplication

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungill Kim ◽  
Jieun Park ◽  
Seon-In Yeom ◽  
Yong-Min Kim ◽  
Eunyoung Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Disease Resistance Genes ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
Evolutionary Forces

SummaryTransposable elements (TEs) provide major evolutionary forces leading to new genome structure and species diversification. However, the role of TEs in the expansion of disease resistance gene families has been unexplored in plants. Here, we report high-quality de novo genomes for two peppers (Capsicum baccatum and C. chinense) and an improved reference genome (C. annuum). Dynamic genome rearrangements involving translocations among chromosome 3, 5 and 9 were detected in comparison between C. baccatum and the two other peppers. The amplification of athila LTR-retrotransposons, members of the gypsy superfamily, led to genome expansion in C. baccatum. In-depth genome-wide comparison of genes and repeats unveiled that the copy numbers of NLRs were greatly increased by LTR-retrotransposon-mediated retroduplication. Moreover, retroduplicated NLRs exhibited great abundance across the angiosperms, with most cases lineage-specific and thus recent events. Our study revealed that retroduplication has played key roles in the emergence of new disease-resistance genes in plants.

scholarly journals Combining Digital Imaging and Genome Wide Association Mapping to Dissect Uncharacterized Traits in Plant/Pathogen Interactions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel F. Fordyce ◽  
Nicole E. Soltis ◽  
Celine Caseys ◽  
Raoni Gwinner ◽  
Jason A. Corwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

AbstractPlant resistance to generalist pathogens with broad host ranges, such as Botrytis cinerea, is typically quantitative and highly polygenic. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the molecular genetic basis underpinning plant-pathogen interactions using commonly measured traits including lesion size and/or pathogen biomass. Yet with the advent of digital imaging and phenomics, there are a large number of additional resistance traits available to study quantitative resistance. In this study, we used high-throughput digital imaging analysis to investigate previously uncharacterized visual traits of plant-pathogen interactions related disease resistance using the Arabidopsis thaliana/Botrytis cinerea pathosystem. Using a large collection of 75 visual traits collected from every lesion, we focused on lesion color, lesion shape, and lesion size, to test how these aspects of the interaction are genetically related. Using genome wide association (GWA) mapping in A. thaliana, we show that lesion color and shape are genetically separable traits associated with plant-disease resistance. Using defined mutants in 23 candidate genes from the GWA mapping, we could identify and show that novel loci associated with each different plant-pathogen interaction trait, which expands our understanding of the functional mechanisms driving plant disease resistance.SummaryDigital imaging allows the identification of genes controlling novel lesion traits.

Guanosine metabolism in Neurospora crassa

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Greer ◽  
L. Pendyala ◽  
A. M. Wellman
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Purine Synthesis ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis

Two aspects of guanosine metabolism in Neurospora have been investigated, (a) The inability of adenine mutants (blocked prior to IMP synthesis) to use guanosine as a nutritional supplement; and (b) the inhibitory effect of guanosine on the utilization of hypoxanthine as a purine source for growth by these mutants. Studies on the utilization of guanosine indicated that the proportion of adenine derived from guanosine may be limiting for the growth of adenine mutants. In wild type, adenine is produced through the biosynthetic pathway when grown in the presence of guanosine The amount of adenine produced through the de novo biosynthesis in wild type increases with increasing concentrations of guanosine in the medium. However, the total purine synthesis does not increase. Guanosine inhibits the uptake of hypoxanthine severely. In addition, guanosine and its nucleotide derivatives also inhibit the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity, at the same time stimulating the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity. Guanosine's effects on the uptake of hypoxanthine and its conversion to the nucleotide form may be the reasons why guanosine inhibits the utilization of hypoxanthine but not adenine by these mutants.

scholarly journals A computational workflow for the expansion of heterologous biosynthetic pathways to natural product derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Hafner ◽  
James Payne ◽  
Homa MohammadiPeyhani ◽  
Vassily Hatzimanikatis ◽  
Christina Smolke
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis ◽  
Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Computational Workflow ◽  
Pharmaceutical Molecules

AbstractPlant natural products (PNPs) and their derivatives are important but underexplored sources of pharmaceutical molecules. To access this untapped potential, the reconstitution of heterologous PNP biosynthesis pathways in engineered microbes provides a valuable starting point to explore and produce novel PNP derivatives. Here, we introduce a computational workflow to systematically screen the biochemical vicinity of a biosynthetic pathway for pharmaceutical compounds that could be produced by derivatizing pathway intermediates. We apply our workflow to the biosynthetic pathway of noscapine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) with a long history of medicinal use. Our workflow identifies pathways and enzyme candidates for the production of (S)-tetrahydropalmatine, a known analgesic and anxiolytic, and three additional derivatives. We then construct pathways for these compounds in yeast, resulting in platforms for de novo biosynthesis of BIA derivatives and demonstrating the value of cheminformatic tools to predict reactions, pathways, and enzymes in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document