scholarly journals Biological Activity of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes–Derived trolC Gene of Nicotiana tabacum and Its Functional Relation to Other plast Genes

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanieh Mohajjel-Shoja ◽  
Bernadette Clément ◽  
Jonathan Perot ◽  
Malek Alioua ◽  
Léon Otten
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Rhizogenes ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Laccaria Bicolor ◽  
Sucrose Uptake ◽  
Nicotiana Glauca ◽  
Small Root ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Isolated Roots ◽  
Stimulation Of

Agrobacterium rhizogenes induces hairy roots through the activity of three essential T-DNA genes, rolA, rolB, and rolC, whereas the orf13 gene acts as an accessory root-inducing gene. rolB, rolC, and orf13 belong to the highly diverged plast gene family with remotely related representatives in the endomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor. Nicotiana glauca and N. tabacum contain A. rhizogenes–derived T-DNAs with active plast genes. Here, we report on the properties of a rolC homolog in N. tabacum, trolC. Dexamethasone-inducible trolC and A4-rolC genes from A. rhizogenes A4 induce comparable, strong growth effects affecting all parts of the plants. Several have not been described earlier and were found to be very similar to the effects of the distantly related plast gene 6b. They include leaf chlorosis and starch accumulation, enations, increase of sucrose-dependent leaf disk expansion, growth of isolated roots on low-sucrose media, and stimulation of sucrose uptake by small root fragments. Collectively, our findings indicate that enhancement of sucrose uptake plays an important role in generating the complex 6b and rolC phenotypes and might be an ancestral property of the plast genes.

scholarly journals Combined expression of glucokinase and invertase in potato tubers leads to a dramatic reduction in starch accumulation and a stimulation of glycolysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Trethewey ◽  
Peter Geigenberger ◽  
Kerstin Riedel ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei ◽  
Uwe Sonnewald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Dramatic Reduction ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals The T-DNA Oncogene A4-orf8 from Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 Induces Abnormal Growth in Tobacco

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Umber ◽  
Bernadette Clément ◽  
Léon Otten
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Rhizogenes ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Physical Linkage ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Characteristic Growth ◽  
Fad Binding

The related orf8 and iaaM T-DNA genes from Agrobacterium are each composed of two distinct parts. The 5′ parts (called Norf8 or NiaaM) encode a 200-amino-acid (aa) sequence with homology to various T-DNA oncoproteins such as RolB, RolC, and 6b. The 3′ parts (Corf8 or CiaaM) encode a 550-aa sequence with homology to IaaM proteins from Pseudomonas and Pantoea spp. Whereas iaaM genes encode flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent tryptophan 2-monooxygenases that catalyze the synthesis of indole-3-acetamide (IAM), A4-orf8 from Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 does not. Plants expressing a 2x35S-A4-Norf8 construct accumulate soluble sugars and starch. We now have regenerated plants that express the full-size 2x35S-A4-orf8 and the truncated 2x35S-A4-Corf8 gene. 2x35S-A4-Corf8 plants accumulate starch and show reduced growth like 2x35SA4-Norf8 plants but, in addition, display a novel set of characteristic growth modifications. These consist of leaf hypertrophy and hyperplasia (blisters); thick, dark-green leaves; thick stems; and swollen midveins. Mutations in the putative FAD-binding site of A4-Orf8 did not affect the blister syndrome. Plants expressing 2x35S-A4-Corf8 had a normal phenotype but contained less starch and soluble sugars than did wild-type plants. When 2x35S-A4-Corf8 plants were crossed to starch-accumulating 2x35S-A4-Norf8 plants with reduced growth, A4-Corf8 partially restored growth and reduced starch accumulation. A4-Corf8xA4-Norf8 crosses did not lead to the blister syndrome, suggesting that this requires physical linkage of the A4-NOrf8 and A4-COrf8 sequences.

Premature Leaf Chlorosis in Cucumber Associated with High Starch Accumulation

1991 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Schaffer ◽  
H. Nerson ◽  
E. Zamski
Keyword(s):  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
High Starch

Activation of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes and stimulation of sucrose uptake by auxin and sucrose in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Ho Lee ◽  
Akira Sugiyama ◽  
Jhon Ofosu-Anim ◽  
Kiyotoshi Takeno ◽  
Hajime Ohno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Sucrose Uptake ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Sucrose Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Ingestion of A Common Plant’s Leaves Leads to Acute Respiratory Arrest and Paralysis: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-374
Author(s):  
Breelan Kear ◽  
Richard Lee ◽  
Sanford Church ◽  
Fady Youssef ◽  
Anthony Arguija
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Respiratory Arrest ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Cardiovascular Collapse ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Nicotiana Glauca ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: Nicotiana glauca is a plant known to cause acute toxicity upon ingestion or dermal exposure due to the nicotinic alkaloid, anabasine. Nicotinic alkaloids cause toxicity by acting as agonists on nicotinic-type acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Initial stimulation of these receptors leads to symptoms such as tachycardia, miosis, and tremors. The effects of high doses of nicotinic alkaloids are biphasic, and eventual persistent depolarization of nAChRs at the neuromuscular junction occurs. This causes apnea, paralysis, and cardiovascular collapse. Case Report: In this report, we present a case of respiratory arrest due to nicotinic alkaloid poisoning from the ingestion of Nicotiana glauca. The diagnosis was suspected after the patient’s family gave a history of the patient ingesting a plant prior to arrival. They were able to also provide a physical sample of the plant. Conclusion: The phone application, “Plant Snap”, determined the plant species and helped confirm the diagnosis. This case describes how modern technology and thorough history taking can combine to provide the best possible patient care.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS LIGHTING ON ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF LEAF CARBON METABOLISM OF TOMATO AND PEPPER PLANTS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 250a-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique-André Demers ◽  
Serge Yelle ◽  
André Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Long Photoperiod ◽  
Pepper Plants

Exposure of tomato and pepper plants to long photoperiods (20 hours or more for tomato; 24 hours for pepper) results in leaf chlorosis (tomato), leaf deformities (pepper), and decreased growth and productivity (both species). Some researchers have suggested that excessive starch accumulation in the leaves could be the cause of the negative effects. We observed that tomato and pepper plants do accumulate more starch in their leaves when grown under a long photoperiod (24 hours) compared to a shorter one (16 hours). However, our results indicated that these accumulations were not caused by a limited sink strength but by an alteration of the carbon metabolism at the leaf level. In our last experiment, we studied the activity of enzymes [sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS), invertase] of leaf carbon metabolism in tomato and pepper plants grown under different photoperiods (natural, natural + supplemental light of 100 μmol·m-2·s-1 during 16 and 24 hours). We observed a 10% to 15% decrease in leaf SPS activity in tomato (not in pepper) plants grown under a 24-hour photoperiod. In both species, invertase and SS activities were not affected by photoperiod treatments. In tomato plants grown under a 24-hour photoperiod, the decrease in SPS activity corresponded to the appearance of leaf chlorosis (6 to 7 weeks after the beginning of treatments). Therefore, it appears that leaf carbon metabolism could be involved in the development of negative effects of long photoperiod in tomato plants, but not in pepper plants. The fact that photoperiod had no apparent effect on leaf carbon metabolism of pepper may explain why this species can tolerate longer photoperiods than tomato plants.

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