Generation of Localised Vertical Streams in Unstable Stratified Atmosphere

A new model of axially symmetric concentrated vortex generation was developed herein. In this work, the solution of a nonlinear equation for internal gravity waves in an unstable stratified atmosphere was obtained and analysed in the framework of ideal hydrodynamics. The related expressions for the velocities in the inner and outer regions of the vortex were described by Bessel functions and modified zeroth-order Bessel functions. The proposed new nonlinear analytical model allows the study of the structure and dynamics of vortices in the radial region. The formation of jets (i.e., structures elongated in the vertical direction with finite components of the poloidal (radial and vertical) velocities that grow exponentially in time in an unstable stratified atmosphere) was also analysed. The characteristic growth time was determined by the inverse growth rate of instability. It is shown that a seed vertical vorticity component may be responsible for the formation of vortices with a finite azimuthal velocity.

The Contribution of Physiological and Accelerated Aging to Cancer Progression Through Senescence-Induced Inflammation

Senescent cells are found to accumulate in aged individuals, as well as in cancer patients that receive chemotherapeutic treatment. Although originally believed to halt cancer progression due to their characteristic growth arrest, senescent cells remain metabolically active and secrete a combination of inflammatory agents, growth factors and proteases, collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this review, we discuss the contribution of senescent cells to cancer progression through their ability to alter cancer cells’ properties and to generate a microenvironment that promotes tumor growth. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that senescent cells are able resume proliferation and drive cancer relapse, pointing to the use of senolytics and SASP modulators as a potential approach to prevent tumor resurgence following treatment cessation. Thus, a better understanding of the hallmarks of senescence and the impact of the SASP will allow the development of improved targeted therapeutic strategies to leverage vulnerabilities associated with this cellular state.

Morphology Characteristic, Growth And Survival Rate Of The Early Larval Stages Of Mud Crab, Scylla serrata (Forsskal, 1775) For The Rearing Process

The availability of female adult mature will continuously support mud crab hatchery to produce the best quality of larvae. Bray et al., (1990b) proposed that zoea length can be used as an index of larval quality. Larval quality is dependent on the physiology condition related to the growth and survival rate of several larval development stages (Racotta et al., 2003). The mortality in all development stages was due to the high sensitivity of larvae for the environment changes. Two aquariums and sterilized water were used in all rearing process and larvae of Scylla serrata fed once a day. It was fed by rotifer (Branchionus plicatilis) and Artemia sp on the third and fifth days. The results showed that the eye was a distinguishing characteristic between zoea I and zoea II. Development of zoea I range about 0 (zero) to fourth days and zoea II about fifth to seventh days. Observation of growth for six days indicate an increasing significantly on the fourth to sixth days. The survival rate of Scylla serrata larvae without food holds three days out. Otherwise, larvae that were fed on everyday hold seven days out. ABSTRAKKetersediaan induk yang matang telur secara berkesinambungan akan sangat mendukung usaha pembenihan kepiting bakau dalam menghasilkan larva dengan kualitas yang baik. Bray et al., (1990b) bahwa panjang zoea dapat digunakan sebagai suatu indeks kualitas larva. Selain itu, kualitas larva juga bergantung kepada kondisi fisiologis larva dan berkaitan dengan rata-rata pertumbuhan dan sintasan selama beberapa tahapan larva (Racotta et al., 2003). Seluruh proses pemeliharaan digunakan air steril dengan menggunakan wadah berupa akuarium sebanyak dua buah. Larva kepiting bakau, S. serrata selama pemeliharaan diberi pakan satu kali sehari. Pakan yang diberikan berupa rotifer (Branchionus plicatilis) dan artemia pada hari kelima dan ketiga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ciri morfologi pembeda antara tahap zoea I dan zoea II adalah mata. Perkembangan zoea I berkisar antara hari 0 sampai dengan hari 4 selanjutnya zoea II antara hari kelima sampai hari ketujuh. Pertumbuhan yang diamati selama masa pemeliharaan hari pertama sampai hari keenam, menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan pada hari keempat sampai hari keenam. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup larva S. serrata yang tidak diberi pakan dapat bertahan mencapai tiga hari. Sebaliknya untuk larva yang diberi pakan selama masa pemeliharaan mampu bertahan hingga mencapai tujuh hari.Kata kunci: Larva zoea, Scylla serrata, pertumbuhan, tingkat kelangsungan hidup

Morphology Evolution of Nanoscale-Thick Au/Pd Bimetallic Films on Silicon Carbide Substrate

Bimetallic Au/Pd nanoscale-thick films were sputter-deposited at room temperature on a silicon carbide (SiC) surface, and the surface-morphology evolution of the films versus thickness was studied with scanning electron microscopy. This study allowed to elucidate the Au/Pd growth mechanism by identifying characteristic growth regimes, and to quantify the characteristic parameters of the growth process. In particular, we observed that the Au/Pd film initially grew as three-dimensional clusters; then, increasing Au/Pd film thickness, film morphology evolved from isolated clusters to partially coalesced wormlike structures, followed by percolation morphology, and, finally, into a continuous rough film. The application of the interrupted coalescence model allowed us to evaluate a critical mean cluster diameter for partial coalescence, and the application of Vincent’s model allowed us to quantify the critical Au/Pd coverage for percolation transition.

Impact of crowding on the diversity of expanding populations

Crowding effects are key to the self-organization of densely packed cellular assemblies, such as biofilms, solid tumors, and developing tissues. When cells grow and divide they push each other apart, remodeling the structure and extent of the populations range. It has recently been shown that crowding effects also couple the evolutionary fate of neighboring cells, thereby weakening the strength of natural selection. However, the impact of crowding on neutral processes remains unclear. Here, we quantify the genetic diversity of expanding microbial colonies and uncover signatures of crowding in the site frequency spectrum. By combining fluctuation tests, cell-based simulations, and lineage tracing in a novel microfluidic incubator, we find that the majority of mutations arise behind the expanding frontier, giving rise to clones that are mechanically “pushed out” of the growing region by the proliferating cells in front. These excluded-volume interactions result in a clone size distribution that solely depends on where the mutation first arose relative to the front and is characterized by a simple power-law for sizes below a critical threshold. Our model and simulations predict that the distribution only depends on a single parameter, the characteristic growth layer thickness, and hence allows estimation of the mutation rate in a variety of crowded cellular populations. Combined with previous studies on high-frequency mutations, our finding provides a unified picture of the genetic diversity in expanding populations over the whole frequency range and suggests a practical method to assess growth dynamics by sequencing populations across scales.

Research on Physical and Engineering Properties of Unstabilised Soil

Soil improvement techniques are inevitable due to the severe hazards caused by excessive settlement of foundation, debris flow, destructive landslides and the further softening by means of infiltration of prolonged rainfall. The environmentally sustainable technique that utilizes a biological process for biomineralization is Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP). Biomineralization is the process in which living organisms produce minerals. There are different metabolic activities that lead to MICP such as ureolysis, denitrification, ammonification, photosynthesis, sulphate reduction and methane reduction. In this study, the photosynthetic soil-borne bacteria is used to enhance the soil stability. The photosynthetic bacteria is isolated from the soil, the characteristic growth is studied and the most efficient strain is selected to be injected back into the soil. The final properties of the soil are tested and are expected to increase its strength. The initial and final variations in the surface of the soil are studied using SEM analysis and EDAX

DEVELOPMENT OF THE TYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRAE IN THE WHITE NEW ZEALAND RABBIT (ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS)

In order to study the pattern of ossification of the components of the postcranial axial skeleton of the white new Zeeland rabbit, intact embryos were isolated between days (d) 13 and 28 of pregnancy, and postnatal till three months old rabbit. All specimens were fixed in 95% ethanol for at least one week, a group was bulk-stained using alizarin and Alcian blue, in order to stain bone and cartilage, respectively, and cleared. Another group was histologically stained with H&E and Mason Trichrome. A third group was examined with CT and X-ray. The time of the first appearance of ossification centers of these prenatal and postnatal specimens was analyzed. The findings demonstrated that, with the exception of the atlas and axis, all of the cervical vertebrae studied had similar growth patterns. The time of appearance of the various centers of ossification in the skeletal elements studied proceeded in a similar order to that described by previous authors, although there were some discrepancies in the exact time of the first appearance of certain ossification centers. Secondary ossification for the epiphysis cranialis and caudalis (the bony collar) appear in cervical region and then extend in cephalocaudal direction till complete appearance at the age of 45-days old rabbit. The data presented here provide useful baseline information on the normal sequential pattern of ossification in the typical cervical vertebrae and the characteristic growth pattern of the individual components in the rabbit.