scholarly journals Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Invertase from the Obligate Biotroph Uromyces fabae and Analysis of Expression Patterns of Host and Pathogen Invertases in the Course of Infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf T. Voegele ◽  
Stefan Wirsel ◽  
Ulla Möll ◽  
Melanie Lechner ◽  
Kurt Mendgen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Pathogen Infection ◽  
Uromyces Fabae

Invertases are key enzymes in carbon partitioning in higher plants. They gain additional importance in the distribution of carbohydrates in the event of wounding or pathogen attack. Although many researchers have found an increase in invertase activity upon infection, only a few studies were able to determine whether the source of this activity was host or parasite. This article analyzes the role of invertases involved in the biotrophic interaction of the rust fungus Uromyces fabae and its host plant, Vicia faba. We have identified a fungal gene, Uf-INV1, with homology to invertases and assessed its contribution to pathogenesis. Expression analysis indicated that transcription began upon penetration of the fungus into the leaf, with high expression levels in haustoria. Heterologous expression of Uf-INV1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris allowed a biochemical characterization of the enzymatic activity associated with the secreted gene product INV1p. Expression analysis of the known vacuolar and cell-wall-bound invertase isoforms of V. faba indicated a decrease in the expression of a vacuolar invertase, whereas one cell-wall-associated invertase exhibited increased expression. These changes were not confined to the infected tissue, and effects also were observed in remote plant organs, such as roots. These findings hint at systemic effects of pathogen infection. Our results support the hypothesis that pathogen infection establishes new sinks which compete with physiological sink organs.

Biochemical characterization of a cortexless mutant of a variant of Bacillus cereus

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1007-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne M. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Peptidoglycan Synthesis ◽  
Biochemical Lesion ◽  
Do So

Previous studies on this cortexless mutant of Bacillus cereus var. alesti indicated that the forespore membrane was the site of the biochemical lesion. This hypothesis is supported by the results presented here: fatty acid composition of sporulating cells of the mutant is altered, while in vegetative cells it is comparable to the parent; soluble precursors of peptidoglycan synthesis are accumulated in the mutant, at the time of cortex formation; homogenates of the mutant prepared at the time of cortex formation are unable to incorporate tritiated diaminopimelic acid into peptidoglycan, while homogenates of cells forming germ cell wall do so to an extent comparable to that of the parent; lipid-linked intermediates are formed by the mutant as in the parent. Apparently the mutant is unable either to transfer disaccharide penta-peptide units from the carrier lipid to the growing peptidoglycan acceptor, or to transport lipid-linked intermediates across the forespore membrane.

scholarly journals Biochemical characterization of a 27kDa 1,3-β-d-glucanase from Trichoderma asperellum induced by cell wall of Rhizoctonia solani

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 1219-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel da Silva Aires ◽  
Andrei Stecca Steindorff ◽  
Marcelo Henrique Soller Ramada ◽  
Saulo José Linhares de Siqueira ◽  
Cirano José Ulhoa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum

scholarly journals Biochemical characterization of wheat straw cell wall with special reference to bioactive profile

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1303-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabussam Tufail ◽  
Farhan Saeed ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Muhammad Umair Arshad ◽  
Faqir Muhammad Anjum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Biochemical Characterization

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the FAR1/FHY3 Family in Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray and Expression Analysis in Light Response

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1385
Author(s):  
Jiujun Du ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Xiaolan Ge ◽  
Xiaodong Xiang ◽  
Demei Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Poplar Genome ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Light is an important environmental factor for plant growth, and in higher plants, phytochrome A (phyA) is the predominant far-red photoreceptor, involved in various photoresponses. The FAR1/FHY3 transcription factor family, derived from transposases, is able to regulate plant development in response to multiple photosensitizers phytochrome. In total, 51 PtrFRSs were identified in the poplar genome, and were divided into 4 subfamilies. Among them, 47 PtrFRSs are located on 17 chromosomes. Upstream cis-acting elements of the PtrFRS genes were classified into three categories: growth and metabolism, stress and hormone, and the hormone and stress categories contained most of the cis-acting elements. Analysis of the regulatory networks and expression patterns showed that most PtrFRSs responded to changes in light intensity and were involved in the regulation of phytochromes. In this study, 51 PtrFRSs were identified and comprehensively bioinformatically analyzed, and preliminary functional analysis and prediction of PtrFRSs was carried out.

scholarly journals Myo3A, One of Two Class III Myosin Genes Expressed in Vertebrate Retina, Is Localized to the Calycal Processes of Rod and Cone Photoreceptors and Is Expressed in the Sacculus

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1058-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa C. Dosé ◽  
David W. Hillman ◽  
Cynthia Wong ◽  
Lorraine Sohlberg ◽  
Jennifer Lin-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tail Domain ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Feature Characteristic ◽  
Filament Bundles ◽  
Myosin Motors ◽  
Rod And Cone Photoreceptors

The striped bass has two retina-expressed class III myosin genes, each composed of a kinase, motor, and tail domain. We report the cloning, sequence analysis, and expression patterns of the long (Myo3A) and short (Myo3B) class III myosins, as well as cellular localization and biochemical characterization of the long isoform, Myo3A. Myo3A (209 kDa) is expressed in the retina, brain, testis, and sacculus, and Myo3B (155 kDa) is expressed in the retina, intestine, and testis. The tails of these two isoforms contain two highly conserved domains, 3THDI and 3THDII. Whereas Myo3B has three IQ motifs, Myo3A has nine IQ motifs, four in its neck and five in its tail domain. Myo3A localizes to actin filament bundles of photoreceptors and is concentrated in the calycal processes. An anti-Myo3A antibody decorates the actin cytoskeleton of rod inner/outer segments, and this labeling is reduced by the presence of ATP. The ATP-sensitive actin association is a feature characteristic of myosin motors. The numerous IQ motifs may play a structural or signaling role in the Myo3A, and its localization to calycal processes indicates that this myosin mediates a local function at this site in vertebrate photoreceptors.

scholarly journals Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of the Cell Wall Hydrolase Activity of the Major Secreted Protein of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e31588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingmar J. J. Claes ◽  
Geert Schoofs ◽  
Krzysztof Regulski ◽  
Pascal Courtin ◽  
Marie-Pierre Chapot-Chartier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Hydrolase Activity ◽  
Secreted Protein ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg ◽  
Cell Wall Hydrolase

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and characterization of multiple C2 domains and transmembrane region proteins in Gossypium hirsutum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengbo Hao ◽  
Hantao Wang ◽  
Liang Ma ◽  
Aimin Wu ◽  
Pengyun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transmembrane Region ◽  
C2 Domains ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
N Terminus

Abstract Background Multiple C2 domains and transmembrane region proteins ( MCTPs ) may act as transport mediators of other regulators. Although increased number of MCTPs in higher plants implies their diverse and specific functions in plant growth and development, only a few plant MCTPs have been studied and no study on the MCTPs in cotton has been reported.Results In this study, we identified 31 MCTPs in G. hirsutum , which were classified into five subfamilies according to the phylogenetic analysis. GhMCTPs from subfamily V exhibited pIs less than 7, whereas GhMCTPs from subfamily I, II, III and IV exhibited pIs more than 7.5, implying their distinct biological functions. In addition, GhMCTPs within subfamily III, IV and V exhibited more diverse physicochemical properties, domain architectures and expression patterns than GhMCTPs within subfamily I and II, suggesting that GhMCTPs within subfamily III, IV and V diverged to perform more diverse and specific functions. Analyses of conserved motifs and pIs indicated that the N-terminus was more divergent than the C-terminus and GhMCTPs’ functional divergence might be mainly contributed by the N-terminus. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that the N-terminus was responsible to interact with target proteins. Phylogenetic analysis classified multiple N-terminal C2 domains into four subclades, suggesting that these C2 domains performed different molecular functions in mediating the transport of target proteins.Conclusions Our systematic characterization of MCTPs in G. hirsutum will provide helpful information to further research GhMCTPs’ molecular roles in mediating other regulators’ transport to coordinate growth and development of various cotton tissues.

scholarly journals Biochemical characterization of a novel ulvan lyase from Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain PLSV

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2610-2615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Min Qin ◽  
Panpan Xu ◽  
Qianqian Guo ◽  
Xiaotao Cheng ◽  
Dengke Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Iduronic Acid ◽  
Green Seaweed

Ulvans, complex polysaccharides found in the ulvales (green seaweed) cell wall, contain predominantly 3-sulfated rhamnose (Rha3S) linked to either d-glucuronic acid, l-iduronic acid or d-xylose.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and characterization of multiple C2 domains and transmembrane region proteins in Gossypium hirsutum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengbo Hao ◽  
Hantao Wang ◽  
Liang Ma ◽  
Aimin Wu ◽  
Pengyun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transmembrane Region ◽  
C2 Domains ◽  
Target Proteins ◽  
N Terminus

Abstract Background: Multiple C2 domains and transmembrane region proteins ( MCTPs ) may act as transport mediators of other regulators. Although increased number of MCTPs in higher plants implies their diverse and specific functions in plant growth and development, only a few plant MCTPs have been studied and no study on the MCTPs in cotton has been reported. Results: In this study, we identified 31 MCTPs in G. hirsutum , which were classified into five subfamilies according to the phylogenetic analysis. GhMCTPs from subfamily V exhibited pIs less than 7, whereas GhMCTPs from subfamily I, II, III and IV exhibited pIs more than 7.5, implying their distinct biological functions. In addition, GhMCTPs within subfamily III, IV and V exhibited more diverse physicochemical properties, domain architectures and expression patterns than GhMCTPs within subfamily I and II, suggesting that GhMCTPs within subfamily III, IV and V diverged to perform more diverse and specific functions. Analyses of conserved motifs and pIs indicated that the N-terminus was more divergent than the C-terminus and GhMCTPs’ functional divergence might be mainly contributed by the N-terminus. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that the N-terminus was responsible to interact with target proteins. Phylogenetic analysis classified multiple N-terminal C2 domains into four subclades, suggesting that these C2 domains performed different molecular functions in mediating the transport of target proteins. Conclusions: Our systematic characterization of MCTPs in G. hirsutum will provide helpful information to further research GhMCTPs’ molecular roles in mediating other regulators’ transport to coordinate growth and development of various cotton tissues.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and characterization of multiple C2 domains and transmembrane region proteins in Gossypium hirsutum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengbo Hao ◽  
Hantao Wang ◽  
Liang Ma ◽  
Aimin Wu ◽  
Pengyun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transmembrane Region ◽  
C2 Domains ◽  
Target Proteins ◽  
N Terminus

Abstract Background: Multiple C2 domains and transmembrane region proteins (MCTPs) may act as transport mediators of other regulators. Although increased number of MCTPs in higher plants implies their diverse and specific functions in plant growth and development, only a few plant MCTPs have been studied and no study on the MCTPs in cotton has been reported.Results: In this study, we identified 31 MCTPs in G. hirsutum, which were classified into five subfamilies according to the phylogenetic analysis. GhMCTPs from subfamily V exhibited isoelectric points (pIs) less than 7, whereas GhMCTPs from subfamily I, II, III and IV exhibited pIs more than 7.5, implying their distinct biological functions. In addition, GhMCTPs within subfamily III, IV and V exhibited more diverse physicochemical properties, domain architectures and expression patterns than GhMCTPs within subfamily I and II, suggesting that GhMCTPs within subfamily III, IV and V diverged to perform more diverse and specific functions. Analyses of conserved motifs and pIs indicated that the N-terminus was more divergent than the C-terminus and GhMCTPs’ functional divergence might be mainly contributed by the N-terminus. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that the N-terminus was responsible to interact with target proteins. Phylogenetic analysis classified multiple N-terminal C2 domains into four subclades, suggesting that these C2 domains performed different molecular functions in mediating the transport of target proteins.Conclusions: Our systematic characterization of MCTPs in G. hirsutum will provide helpful information to further research GhMCTPs’ molecular roles in mediating other regulators’ transport to coordinate growth and development of various cotton tissues.

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