scholarly journals Suppression of Two Tungro Viruses in Rice by Separable Traits Originating from Cultivar Utri Merah

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1268-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaymee R. Encabo ◽  
Pepito Q. Cabauatan ◽  
Rogelio C. Cabunagan ◽  
Kouji Satoh ◽  
Jong-Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serological Test ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Rice Tungro Spherical Virus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Rice Tungro Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Individual

Rice tungro disease (RTD) is caused by Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) and Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) transmitted by green leafhoppers. Rice cv. Utri Merah is highly resistant to RTD. To define the RTD resistance of Utri Merah, near-isogenic lines (NIL, BC5 or BC6) developed from Utri Merah and susceptible cv. Taichung Native 1 (TN1) were evaluated for reactions to RTSV and RTBV. TW16 is an NIL (BC5) resistant to RTD. RTBV was able to infect both TN1 and TW16 but the levels of RTBV were usually significantly lower in TW16 than in TN1. Infection of RTSV was confirmed in TN1 by a serological test but not in TW16. However, the global gene-expression pattern in an RTSV-resistant NIL (BC6), TW16-69, inoculated with RTSV indicated that RTSV can also infect the resistant NIL. Infection of RTSV in TW16 was later confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction but the level of RTSV was considerably lower in TW16 than in TN1. Examination for virus accumulation in another NIL (BC6), TW16-1029, indicated that all plants of TW16-1029 were resistant to RTSV, whereas the resistance to RTBV and symptom severity were segregating among the individual plants of TW16-1029. Collectively, these results suggest that RTD resistance of Utri Merah involves suppression of interacting RTSV and RTBV but the suppression trait for RTSV and for RTBV is inherited separately.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Identification of a New Vector of Rice Orange Leaf Phytoplasma in South China

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1483-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Li ◽  
Weijia Hao ◽  
Guanghua Lu ◽  
Jilei Huang ◽  
Chuanhe Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
South China ◽  
Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Orange Leaf ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Rice orange leaf disease (ROLD) is caused by rice orange leaf phytoplasma (ROLP) and occurs sporadically in rice-growing areas in countries of eastern and southeastern Asia. ROLD caused severe damage to rice production in South China in the 1980s. Although its impact subsequently declined in South China, it has reemerged as a serious threat recently. Our study showed that ROLD occurrence varies in different seasons and fields. It was more severe in summer-grown crops (from July to October) than in spring-grown crops (from March to July). In most fields, the incidence was less than 10%, and diseased plants were scattered throughout the fields. In 20% of fields, the incidence was between 10 and 30%. In some fields, over 90% of plants were affected, causing crop failure. Typical symptoms of ROLD include orange-colored leaves and poor growth. Diseased plants were determined as positive for ROLP but negative for Rice tungro bacilliform virus, Rice tungro spherical virus, and Rice transitory yellowing virus through polymerase chain reaction and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Phytoplasma bodies but not virus-like particles were observed by electron microscopy in phloem tissue of diseased leaves. The leafhopper Inazuma dorsalis, previously identified as the unique vector for ROLP, was rare in the affected fields. Another leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps, previously considered a nonvector for this phytoplasma, was very common. Transmission tests revealed that this insect could also transmit ROLP; therefore, it might represent a new vector responsible for the recent incidence of ROLD.

Detection of rice tungro bacilliform virus in field and glasshouse samples from India using the polymerase chain reaction

1996 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indranil Dasgupta ◽  
Bijan K. Das ◽  
Partha S. Nath ◽  
Sankar Mukhopadhyay ◽  
F.R. Niazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals DETEKSI BAKTERI PENYEBAB PENYAKIT TYPHUS PADA MANUSIA DENGAN POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Muktiningsih Nurjayadi ◽  
Fera Kurnia Dewi ◽  
Dahlia Dahlia ◽  
S, Restu.N S ◽  
Fitri W
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Salmonella typhi is bacteria that cause typhoid disease in humans. In Indonesia, the morbidity number of typhoid disease tends to be increase. Thus, it has been requiring the alternative for handling or preventing that disease. Recently, the detection method commonly uses for S. typhi detection is Serological test. The weakness of this method is often producing less accurate and not specific detection. The previous research was successfully discovered S. typhi gene that codes protein which is contributed at adherents or colonization those bacteria in epithelial human cell. That result was base to develop detection on S. typhi method by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The aim of this research is developing a specific and accurate detection method for S. typhi bacteria by PCR. The research result is performed successfully to amplify the fimbrial-C S. typhi gene using pairs of primer FW-INT 2- REV-1A NEW which was designed and synthesized in previous step. That success showed by the finding of the DNA fragment of 0.2 kilobase (kb) proffers to size of DNA fragment which is hopefully in using S. typhi genome as a template. Specificity and sensitivity test for those primers are still conducting to reproducibility results. Base on the results can be concluded that the research have successfully conducted in developing S. typhi detection method using pairs of S. typhi fimbrial-C primer. Hopefully, the studied of developing detection methods was conducted better compare with former detection methods.Keywords: S. typhi detection method, fim-C S. typhi gene, PCRAbstrakSalmonella typhi merupakan bakteri penyebab penyakit tifus pada manusia. Di Indonesia, angka morbiditas penderita penyakit typhus cenderung meningkat, sehingga diperlukan suatu alternatif untuk penanganan atau pencegahan penyakit tersebut. Sampai saat ini metode deteksi S. typhi yang banyak digunakan adalah uji serologi. Kelemahan metode ini adalah sering menghasilkan deteksi yang kurang akurat dan tidak spesifik. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya, telah berhasil ditemukan gen fimbrial-C S. typhi pengkode protein yang berperan dalam penempelan S. typhi pada usus manusia, hasil ini dijadikan landasan untuk pengembangan metode deteksi menggunakan teknik PCR. Tujuan penelitian ini mengembangkan metode deteksi yang akurat dan spesifik untuk bakteri penyebab penyakit typhus pada manusia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah berhasil dilakukan amplifikasi gen fimbrial-C S. typhi menggunakan pasangan primer hasil perancangan yaitu FW-INT 2- REV-1A NEW. Keberhasilan tersebut ditunjukkan dengan diperolehnya pita DNA berukuran 0.2 kilo basa (kb) sesuai dengan ukuran pita DNA yang diharapkan dengan menggunakan template DNA genom bakteri S. typhi. Uji sensitivitas dan spesifisitas terhadap primer hasil rancangan sedang di kaji lebih lanjut untuk memperoleh reprodusibiltas hasil pengujian. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa telah berhasil dilakukan pengembangan metode deteksi S. typhi menggunakan pasangan primer fimbrial-C S. typhi. Pengkajian pengembangan metode deteksi yang dihasilkan ini diharapkan dapat lebih baik dibanding beberapa metode deteksi yang sudah ada.Kata Kunci: Metode Deteksi Bakteri typhus, fim-C S. typhi, PCR

Transfer of transgenes for resistance to rice tungro disease into high-yielding rice cultivars through gene-based marker-assisted selection

2012 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ROY ◽  
A. BANERJEE ◽  
J. TARAFDAR ◽  
B. K. SENAPATI ◽  
I. DASGUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Tungro Spherical Virus ◽  
Challenge Inoculation ◽  
Rice Line ◽  
Rice Tungro Disease ◽  
Sense Orientation ◽  
Simultaneous Infection

SUMMARYRice tungro disease (RTD), caused by the simultaneous infection of rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV), is one of the major threats to sustainable rice production in South and Southeast Asia. Transgenic resistance against RTBV has been reported previously using an RNA interference (RNAi) construct (ORF IV of RTBV, placed both in sense and anti-sense orientation under CaMV 35S promoter), in the scented rice line Pusa Basmati-1 (PB-1). This construct was transferred to two high-yielding tungro-susceptible indica rice cultivars (IET4094 and IET4786) from the transgenic PB-1 rice line using back cross breeding till the BC2F3 stage. On challenge inoculation, the progenies (BC2F1) showed mild symptoms of tungro, in contrast to severe symptoms displayed by the recurrent parents. Segregation of the transgene indicated near homozygosity of the plants at the BC2F3 stage, implying that the lines can be used as a valuable resistance source for further breeding against RTD.

Population pharmacokinetic analysis of S-1 including the CYP2A6 genotype in patients with advanced cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2507-2507
Author(s):  
T. Hirose ◽  
K. Nishimura ◽  
K. Fujita ◽  
M. Adachi ◽  
Y. Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Variant Allele ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Variant Alleles ◽  
The Individual

2507 Background: S-1 is an oral anticancer agent composed of tegafur, CDHP, and potassium oxonate. Tegafur is a prodrug of fluorouracil (5-FU), and CDHP prevents degradation of 5-FU by inhibiting dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and enhances the anticancer activity of 5-FU. The biotransformation of tegafur to 5-FU is demonstrated to be catalyzed by CYP2A6. CYP2A6 polymorphisms are seen more frequently in Japanese people than Caucasian. Therefore, we performed a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis of S-1 including the CYP2A6 genotype in Japanese patients with advanced cancer and developed a model describing the disposition kinetics of tegafur, CDHP, and 5-FU after oral administration of S-1. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with advanced cancer were eligible if they had a performance status of 0 to 3 and had adequate organ function. A dose of 80 mg/m2 of S-1 was given orally twice daily for 28 consecutive days, followed by 14 days of rest. The PPK analysis was performed with plasma concentration data for tegafur, CDHP, and 5-FU. The CYP2A6 genotype was analyzed with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method or an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction-based method. On the basis of the CYP2A6 genotype, all patients were classified into 1 of 3 groups: wild type, 1 variant allele, and 2 variant alleles. Results: Creatinine clearance correlated with the individual clearance of CDHP. Body surface area correlated with the individual clearance and volumes of CDHP and tegafur. In patients with 2 variant alleles of CYP2A6, tegafur clearance was 58% less than that in patients with wild type or 1 variant allele of CYP2A6. In addition, in patients with a history of gastrectomy, the absorption rate constant of tegafur was 66% higher than that in patients with no history of gastrectomy. The time-varying concentration of CDHP was the most appropriate model component describing the inhibitory effect on 5-FU catabolism. The individual Bayesian predictions of CDHP, tegafur, and 5-FU concentrations based on the present PPK model were in good agreement with the observed data. Conclusions: This is the first PPK model of S-1 including the CYP2A6 genotype. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Near Immunity to Rice Tungro Spherical Virus Achieved in Rice by a Replicase-Mediated Resistance Strategy

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1022-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Huet ◽  
S. Mahendra ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
E. Sivamani ◽  
C. A. Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antisense Rna ◽  
Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Tungro Spherical Virus ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Antisense Orientation ◽  
Rice Tungro Disease ◽  
Sense Orientation ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
High Level

Rice tungro disease is caused by rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV), which is responsible for the symptoms, and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV), which assists transmission of both viruses by leafhoppers. Transgenic japonica rice plants (Oryza sativa) were produced containing the RTSV replicase (Rep) gene in the sense or antisense orientation. Over 70% of the plants contained one to five copies of the Rep gene, with integration occurring at a single locus in most cases. Plants producing antisense sequences exhibited significant but moderate resistance to RTSV (60%); accumulation of antisense RNA was substantial, indicating that the protection was not of the homology-dependent type. Plants expressing the full-length Rep gene, as well as a truncated Rep gene, in the (+)-sense orientation were 100% resistant to RTSV even when challenged with a high level of inoculum. Accumulation of viral RNA was low, leading us to conclude that RTSV Rep-mediated resistance is not protein-mediated but is of the cosuppression type. Resistance was effective against geographically distinct RTSV isolates. In addition, RTSV-resistant transgenic rice plants were unable to assist transmission of RTBV. Such transgenic plants could be used in an epidemiological approach to combat the spread of the tungro disease.

scholarly journals Evaluation of two PCR-based procedures for typing Clostridium perfringens : research communication

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dungu ◽  
M.M. Henton ◽  
A. Bosman ◽  
H. Fourie ◽  
G. Viljoen
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Intradermal Test ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Individual

Two polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based procedures for typing Clostridium perfringens, which affects most domestic animals, were compared and evaluated for efficiency as substitute to the guinea-pig intradermal test routinely used in our laboratory, namely a multiplex PCR and a protocol based on the individual amplification of gene sequences specific for each toxin. Reference isolates of C. perfringens types A, B, C and D as well as cultures from clinical specimens were tested. The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR was confirmed on reference isolates. There was similarity in results on 43 of the 46 samples typed by all 3 methods. Clear results were obtained by PCR on 5 clinical samples that showed either equivocal or weak skin reactions in guinea-pigs. The multiplex PCR protocol, in combination with the evaluation of bacterial growth, is a better alternative to in vivo toxin typing, since C. perfringens can only be incriminated as cause of a disease when it is present in large numbers in the intestine.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF MOLECULAR AND SEROLOGICAL TESTS FOR SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 (SARS-COV-2) IN POST-EXPOSURE EMPLOYEES OF THE NEPHROLOGY DEPARTMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2572-2575
Author(s):  
Marlena Kwiatkowska ◽  
Inga Chomicka ◽  
Jolanta Malyszko
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Introduction: A novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 RNA, detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. It rapidly spread, at first in China, then resulting in an epidemic in other countries throughout the world. One of such controversial topics is the issue of diagnostics and interpretation of test for COVID-19. According to Polish and global guidelines, the basis for diagnosis is molecular testing – real-time reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Taking all these data into consideration, the aim of the study was to compare RT-PCR with serological test in our employees post-exposure. According to Polish and global guidelines, the basis for diagnosis is molecular testing, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The aim: To compare RT-PCR with serological test in our employees post-exposure. Material and methods: 79 employees of the Clinic, 19 men and 60 women in the age range 27-69 years were evaluated. Tests were begun four days after information about the positive test in our „Employee 0” and lasted for 7 days. At first, we made RT-PCR tests on the specimen from nasopharyngeal swab. Then, we accomplished rapid antibodies tests. This test is based on the qualitative assessment of the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies by immunochromatography using a sample of capillary blood from the fingertip. Results: All the tests were negative. No employee developed symptoms during the 7-day follow-up after the end of the tests. Conclusions: As routine tests for patients have been implemented widely, but similar solutions for employees have not gained popularity. Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) e.g. facemask and shields, transparent screens, disposable medical uniforms, minimalization the contact time, increasing distance from both colleagues and patients (if possible), and strictly follow sanitary procedures largely contributed to the absence of illness in the surveyed group of employees.

scholarly journals Transgene inheritances and genetic similarities of near isogenic lines of genetically modified common beans

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1168-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Valle Pinheiro ◽  
Josias Corrêa de Faria ◽  
Elsa Oliveira Paranaguá e Lago Nogueira ◽  
Francisco José Lima Aragão
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Bar Gene ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The objective of the present work was to determine the inheritance and stability of transgenes of a transgenic bean line expressing the genes rep-trap-ren from Bean golden mosaic virus and the bar gene. Crosses were done between the transgenic line and four commercial bean cultivars, followed by four backcrosses to the commercial cultivars. Progenies from each cross were evaluated for the presence of the transgenes by brushing the leaves with glufosinate ammonium and by polymerase chain reaction using specific oligonucleotides. Advanced generations were rub-inoculated with an isolate of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV). The transgenes were inherited consistently in a Mendelian pattern in the four crosses studied. The analyzed lines recovered close to 80% of the characteristics of the recurrent parent, as determined by the random amplified DNA markers used, besides maintaining important traits such as resistance to BCMNV. The presence of the transgene did not cause any detectable undesirable effect in the evaluated progenies.

Detection of alternative splicing of fibronectin mRNA in a single cell

1999 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 1449-1453
Author(s):  
T. Kumazaki ◽  
Y. Mitsui ◽  
K. Hamada ◽  
H. Sumida ◽  
M. Nishiyama
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mrna Isoforms ◽  
Single Form ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fibronectin Mrna

Pre-fibronectin mRNA is subject to alternative splicing at three sites, EDA, EDB and IIICS. We analyzed the alternative splicing of fibronectin mRNA in a single cell. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses showed cells that produced a single form of mRNA at each one of these sites as well as cells that produced multiple forms at a given site: for example, some cells produced either the EDA(+) or EDA(-) form of the mRNA and other cells produced both forms. About 80% of the cells produced both (+) and (-) forms of the mRNA at the EDA and EDB sites, and the remaining cells contained either the (+) or (-) form. Five forms of fibronectin mRNA can result from alternative splicing at the IIICS site. Complex combinations of alternative splicing products were observed among the individual cells: there were ten different combinations of mRNA isoforms with respect to the IIICS site. Statistically significant changes in alternative splicing at the IIICS site were observed during cellular senescence.

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