scholarly journals SOD1-Targeted Gene Disruption in the Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungus Oidiodendron maius Reduces Conidiation and the Capacity for Mycorrhization

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1412-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Abbà ◽  
H. R. Khouja ◽  
E. Martino ◽  
D. B. Archer ◽  
S. Perotto
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Ros Scavenger ◽  
Oidiodendron Maius ◽  
Null Mutants ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungus

The genome sequences of mycorrhizal fungi will provide new opportunities for studying the biology and the evolution underlying this symbiotic lifestyle. The generation of null mutants at the wild-type loci is one of the best methods for gene-function assignment in the post-genomic era. To our knowledge, the generation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-null mutants in the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius is the first example of a gene-targeted disruption via homologous recombination in a mycorrhizal fungus. The disruption of OmSOD1 by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation resulted in the presence of oxidative stress markers, even in the absence of external superimposed stresses, and an increased sensitivity to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating substances, especially to menadione. A reduction in conidiation and in the percentage of mycorrhization of Vaccinium myrtillus roots was also observed. The latter findings establish the pivotal role of SOD1 as an important factor in the relationship between O. maius and its symbiotic partner. The lack of this ROS-scavenger may cause an imbalance in the redox homeostasis during host colonization and an alteration in the delicate dialogue between the fungus and its host plant.

scholarly journals OmZnT1 and OmFET, two metal transporters from the metal-tolerant strain Zn of the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius, confer zinc tolerance in yeast

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassine Radhouane Khouja ◽  
Simona Abbà ◽  
Laurence Lacercat-Didier ◽  
Stefania Daghino ◽  
Didier Doillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Metal Transporters ◽  
Zinc Tolerance ◽  
Tolerant Strain ◽  
Oidiodendron Maius ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungus

scholarly journals Specific regions in the Sod1 locus of the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius from metal-enriched soils show a different sequence polymorphism

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Vallino ◽  
Elisa Zampieri ◽  
Claude Murat ◽  
Mariangela Girlanda ◽  
Sandro Picarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Sequence Polymorphism ◽  
Oidiodendron Maius ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungus

scholarly journals (371) Hydroponic Inoculation of Cranberry with Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungus

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1058D-1058
Author(s):  
Piero A. Spada ◽  
Beth Ann A. Workmaster ◽  
Kevin R. Kosola
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungus

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) plants colonized with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi are capable of utilizing organic nitrogen sources that are unavailable to non-mycorrhizal plants. Despite the importance of mycorrhizal colonization in the nitrogen nutrition of wild cranberry, almost all measurements of cranberry nitrogen uptake and assimilation have been carried out with non-mycorrhizal plants. We have found that cranberry can be inoculated directly in solution culture. We cultured the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Hymenoscyphusericaein liquid culture, harvested and rinsed hyphae, and added ≈200 mg fresh weight hyphae per rooted cranberry cutting (cv. Stevens) growing in a modified Johnson's solution. After 6 weeks, newly developed roots were most heavily colonized. We examined the effects of NH4+ concentration (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 500 μm NH4+) in solution on colonization rates. Colonization (% root length) increased with increasing ammonium concentration in solution, with maximum colonization at 50 and 100 μm NH4+; colonization was much lower at 500 μm NH4+. Cranberry inoculated with H. ericaein solution culture will be used for analysis of the effects of mycorrhizal colonization on uptake kinetics of NH4+, NO3-, and amino acids.

scholarly journals Autophagic Flux Unleashes GATA4-NF-κB Axis to Promote Antioxidant Defense-Dependent Survival of Colorectal Cancer Cells under Chronic Acidosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Liu ◽  
Minnan Zhao ◽  
Xue Sun ◽  
Zhenzhen Meng ◽  
Xiaojing Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Acidic Microenvironment ◽  
Extracellular Acidosis ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Cells ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

Solid tumors are usually associated with extracellular acidosis due to their increased dependence on glycolysis and poor vascularization. Cancer cells gradually become adapted to acidic microenvironment and even acquire increased aggressiveness. They are resistant to apoptosis but exhibit increased autophagy that is essential for their survival. We here show that NF-κB, a master regulator of cellular responses to stress, is upregulated in colorectal cancer cells adapted to acidosis (CRC-AA). NF-κB is more relied upon for survival in CRC-AA than in their parental cells and drives a robust antioxidant response. Supplementation of antioxidant abolishes the increased sensitivity of CRC-AA to NF-κB inhibition or depletion, suggesting that NF-κB supports the survival of CRC-AA by maintaining redox homeostasis. Because SQSTM1/p62 is known to mediate the selective autophagy of GATA4 that augments NF-κB function, we tested whether the enhanced autophagic flux and consequently the reduction of SQSTM1/p62 in CRC-AA cells could activate the GATA4-NF-κB axis. Indeed, GATA4 is upregulated in CRC-AA cells and augments the NF-κB activity that underlies the increased expression of cytokines, inhibition of apoptosis, and reduction of reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, secretory factors derived from HCT15-AA cells, the soluble ICAM-1 in particular, also possess antioxidant cytoprotective effect against acidic stress. Together, our results demonstrate a prosurvival role of the p62-restricted GATA4-NF-κB axis in cancer cells adapted to acidic microenvironment.

scholarly journals Effects of the mycorrhizal fungus Ceratobasidium sp. AR2 on growth and flavonoid accumulation in Anoectochilus roxburghii

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Shunxing Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Anoectochilus Roxburghii ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Metabolite Synthesis ◽  
Medicinal Activity

Background Anoectochilus roxburghii is a traditional Chinese medicine with potent medicinal activity owing to the presence of secondary metabolites, particularly flavonoids. A. roxburghii also maintains a symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi. Moreover, mycorrhizal fungi can induce metabolite synthesis in host plants. However, little is known about the role of mycorrhizal fungi in promoting the accumulation of flavonoid metabolites in A. roxburghii. Methods A. roxburghii and the isolated fungus Ceratobasidium sp. AR2 were cocultured. The portion of A. roxburghii above the medium treated with or without AR2 was studied by transcriptome and target metabolome analyses. Results AR2 promoted the growth and development of A. roxburghii. The contents of total flavonoid, rutin, isorhamnetin, and cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride were increased compared with those in uninoculated cultures. Transcriptome analysis suggested that 109 unigenes encoding key enzymes were potentially associated with changes in flavonoids. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of fourteen flavonoid-related unigenes showed that most flavonoid biosynthetic genes were significantly differentially expressed between inoculated and uninoculated plantlets. Conclusion The isolate AR2 could significantly promote the growth and development of A. roxburghii and the accumulation of flavonoids. Overall, our findings highlighted the molecular basis of the effects of mycorrhizal fungi on flavonoid biosynthesis in A. roxburghii and provided novel insights into methods to improve the yield and quality of A. roxburghii.

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