Synthesis, UV-Vis Spectroscopic and Physico-chemical Characterization of Oxovanadyl Complexes of Lincomycin and Neomycin

In the recent past, the pharmaceutical modification of drug molecules by complexation with biologically relevant metals to improve their properties such as stability, dissolution rate, absorption and bioavailability has been extensively studied. In order to achieve better and enhanced medicinal activity, vanadyl complexes of the widely used lincomycin (Lin-van) and neomycin (Neo-van) have been synthesized and their physico-chemical properties examined. The UV-Vis absorption properties of these complexes were determined and their antimicrobial activities were tested against some pathogenic organisms viz: Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In all cases, Neo-van showed better antimicrobial activity than Lin-van while both complexes showed better activity than the antibiotic lincomycin and the previously reported Cu-Lin. Keywords: lincomycin, neomycin, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Physico-chemical, Oxovanadyl, synthesis

Article Review: Cordia myxa L.: The Gift of the Nature, A Review

Cordia myxa L. is one of the medical plants that plays an important role in the treatment of many diseases. There are many studies explained that C. myxa can show anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antiparasitic, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. This review was focused on the active compounds and medical effects of C. myxa. The fatty acids contents are particularly high (9.9%). Sodium and potassium constitute the largest mineral proportion (13 ppm and 29 ppm respectively) of the fruit. However, the toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium and copper have not been found in the fruit. This gives an additional significant benefit of the medical uses of the plant. The content of alkaloids, saponin, polyphenols, and comarine were recorded and was relatively high compared to steroids, resins, glycosides, tannins, and gum that found to be in less amounts. When the mucilage was extracted, the alkaloids constitute more than 35%. By using the Folin‐Ciocalteu, C. myxa extracts have a high Phenolic content. The antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria were included in the fruit mucilage extract while the alcoholic extracts have no effect on all bacterial isolates. In addition, the mucilage extract showed anti-parasitic activity when it was tested against Leishmania infantum promastigotes. However, the highest concentration of extract significantly reduced the amounts of lymphocytes. Moreover, ethanolic extracts of C. myxa fruits give rise to leucocyte and lymphocyte count. Future research needs to be done on this kind of herbs which could show high medicinal activity.

Evaluation of synergistic medicinal efficacy of four alkaloidic compounds isolated from Iraqi Allium porrum seeds against staphylococcus aureus bacteria

Medicinal plants are necessary benefit natural sources for chemical production of different therapies from secondary metabolism. Allium porrum is considered as one of sources of foods and drugs at the same time. So the current work focused on isolation and characterization of four alkaloids from seeds of this plant. These compounds are 2-piperidinone, 2-pyrrolidinone-4-methyl, adenosine-2-deoxy–N-methyl –N-(triflouro acetyl ) and maymarsine by using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique. The medicinal activity was achieved to investigate and evaluate the synergistic action of the mixture of the four alkaloidic compounds towards Staphylococcus aureus pathogen. The concentrations of alkaloidic mixture were prepared with values equal to 50,100,125,150,200,250,300,375,400 and 500 mg/ml and they revealed inhibition zones with diameters represented by 31,31,32,35,35,37,41,43,43and 45 mm. So the mixture of the four alkaloidic compounds can be used as natural therapy to treat various inflammatory caused by this pathogenic bacteria.

Growth, Yield, Quality, and Phytochemical Behavior of Three Cultivars of Quinoa in Response to Moringa and Azolla Extracts under Organic Farming Conditions

Increased demand for quinoa as a functional food has resulted in more quinoa-growing areas and initiatives to increase grain production, particularly in organic agriculture. Quinoa seeds are a superfood with incredible nutritional benefits. They are abundant in secondary metabolites with significant medicinal activity. This report was consequently performed to investigate whether Azolla fliculoides (AE) or moringa leaf extract (MLE) foliar spray can be supplemented as organic extracts to enhance quinoa growth and productivity under organic farming. Three quinoa cultivars, KVL–SRA2 (C1), Chipaya (C2), and Q–37 (C3), were grown organically and subjected to foliar spraying with AE or MLE at a 20% ratio, as well as their combination (AE+MLE). Plant performance of the three cultivars was significantly enhanced by MLE or AE applications as compared with control plants. The highest outputs were obtained by AE+MLE treatment, which significantly increased the seed yield by about 29% as compared with untreated plants. Seed quality exhibited a marked increase in response to AE+MLE that was superior in this regard as it showed higher protein, carbohydrates, saponine, tannins, phenolics, and flavonoids content. The C3-cultivar demonstrated the highest productivity, saponine, and flavonoids levels as compared to the other cultivars. Overall, the current study indicated that foliar spray with AE+MLE could enhance growth and productivity as well as quality and pharmaceutical active ingredients of quinoa cultivars grown under farming conditions.

Pharmacologically active vanadium species: distribution in biological media and interaction with molecular targets

: Biospeciation of some of the most studied vanadium (symbol V) complexes with biological or medicinal activity is discussed in this review in order to emphasize the importance of the distribution of V species in biological media. The exact knowledge of the chemical species present in blood or cells may provide essential information about the biological effect of V potential drugs. In blood serum vanadium species can interact with low (citrate, lactate, oxalate, amino acids, etc., indicated with bL) and high molecular mass (proteins like transferrin, albumin, immunoglobulins, etc.) components, while the interaction with red blood cells can interfere with the transport of these drugs towards the target cells. The interaction with bLs and proteins is discussed through the analysis of instrumental and computational data. The fate of the active V species, when these are in the real serum samples and when reach and cross cell membranes, is also discussed. The differences in the V complexes selected in this review (donor atoms, stability, coordination geometry, electric charge, hydro- lipophilicity balance, substituents and redox properties) cover all the possible mode of interaction withbLs and proteins, allowing for the biodistribution of the studied compounds to be predicted. This approach could be applied to newly synthesized potential V drugs.

GC-MS Analysis of n-hexane Extract of Roots of Aerva lanata (Linn) Juss. ex. Schult.

Context: The roots of the plant Aerva lanata are extensively used in Indian System of Medicine to cure urinary stones, antidiabetic, diuretic and used as demulcent. Aim: To investigate the phytoconstituents from the n-hexane extract of the roots of Aerva lanata using GC-MS analysis. Materials and Methods Roots of Aerva lanata was extracted by Soxhlet extraction method using n-hexane. The chromatogram was recorded by injecting the extract by splitless injection mode into the GC MS 5975 C Agilent equipped with a QP- 5000 (quadrupole) Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometer. Results: 23 phytoconstituents were identified by close matches with standard MS spectra and compared with NIST- 11 and WILEY library data from n-hexane extract. The major compounds reported are oleic acid (21.68%), γ-sitosterol (10.67%), Stigmasterol (5.13%), 3-β,5-α-stigmast-7-en-3-ol (4.23 %) and other constituents were found to be in traceable quantities. Conclusion: GC-MS analysis of roots of Aerva lanata revealed certain interesting facts of presentation of various phytoconstituents. The presence of various phytoconstituents contributes to the medicinal activity of the plant.

An Insight into Endangered Himalayan Paeony (Paeonia emodi royle): Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

Paeonia emodi Royle is an endangered herb native to Himalayan region with diverse traditional therapeutic uses. It is categorized as critically endangered plant species. Traditionally plant parts are used for nervous diseases, uterine diseases, dysentery, colic, backache, hypertension, and piles. The medicinal activity is the result of presence of various important phytochemicals triterpenes, monoterpenes, phenolics, lipooxygenases, Nortriprenoids, steroids and aldehydes. P. emodi has many biological activities including antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-toxicity, and spasmolytic activity. Due to remarkable medicinal potential, this species is facing extremely high risk of extinction. This article briefly reviews botanical, medicinal, phytochemical, pharmacological and molecular attributes of this plant species along with its conservation strategies.

DNA damage and expression profile of genes associated with nephrotoxicity induced by butralin and ameliorating effect of Arabic gum in female rats

Nephrotoxicity induced by exposure to environmental pollution including herbicides is became global problem. Natural products are the prime alternative of scientific research as they express better medicinal activity and minor side effects compared with variety of synthetic drugs. This study was performed to evaluate the nephroprotective proficiency of Arabic gum against butralin-induced nephrotoxicity. Adult female rats were supplemented with Arabic gum (4.3 g/kg b.wt) and/or butralin (312 mg/L) in drinking water for 30 days. The results found that markers of serum kidney function, oxidative stress biomarkers, DNA damage and expression of kidney specific genes (Acsm2, ACE and ACE2) as well as histopathological examination in treated rats were conducted. Butralin-treated rats showed a rise in serum creatinine, BUN and MDA as well as decrease in activity of the antioxidant markers. In addition, butralin treatment increased the DNA damage, altered the expression levels of Acsm2, ACE and ACE2 and elevated histopathological lesions in kidney tissues. Pretreatment of Arabic gum prevented butralin-prompted degenerative changes of kidney tissues. The results suggested that the protective effect provided by Arabic gum on renal tissues exposed to the herbicide butralin could be attributed to enhancement of antioxidants and increase the free radicals scavenging activity in vivo.

Synthesis of new derivatives of alepterolic acid via click chemistry

Alepterolic acid is a natural diterpenoid isolated from Aleuritopteris argentea (S.G. Gm?l.) F?e, a fern with potential medicinal activity, used in China as a folk medicine to regulate menstruation and prevent cancer. Nevertheless, there are few reports about the structural modification of this natural product. With the wide application of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives in medicines, pesticides, functional materials, the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles derivatives has attracted the attention of synthetic chemists. In this article, 23 new derivatives of alepterolic acid combined with 1,2,3-triazole were designed and synthesized by esterification and click chemistry reaction in a fast, conventional, and efficient way. All the products were obtained in good yields (72 to 97 %). The structure of these compounds was confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, and mass spectral data. The use of the easily available reactants and the common reaction conditions furnish an efficient method for the synthesis of alepterolic acid derivatives. The preparation of these compounds would enable further biological evaluation in the future.