scholarly journals Bacterial microbiome associated with the rhizosphere, root interior and aboveground plant organs of wheat and canola at different growth stages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cordero Elvia ◽  
Renato Jose de Freitas ◽  
James Germida
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacteria ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Plant Growth Stages

Beneficial bacteria associated with agricultural crops may potentially increase crop productivity and health. However, during various plant developmental processes, shifts in the diversity and function of bacterial communities often occur. This study investigated the diversity of bacterial communities associated with the rhizosphere, roots and aboveground plant organs of wheat and canola at stem elongation, flowering and ripening stages. The growth chamber experiment consisted of wheat and canola grown in Orthic Brown Chernozem Calcic Kastanozem and Orthic Black Calcic Chernozem soils from agricultural fields in Saskatchewan, Canada. Rhizosphere bacteria communities of wheat and canola were mainly influenced by soil characteristics, whereas specific root endophytic community associated with each crop species. These results suggest that each crop may select distinct root bacterial endophytes from the rhizosphere. Bacteria associated with aboveground plant organs exhibited high variability among crop species and soils, suggesting that environmental factors influenced bacterial community structure in stem, leaf and seeds. Most abundant bacterial genera associated with the rhizosphere of the crops included Gemmatimonas, Solirubrobacter and Nocardioides, as well as unclassified Commamonadaceae, Chitinophagaceae and Sphingomonadaceae. Other genera e.g., Stenotrophomonas, Streptomyces, Variovorax were predominant in wheat roots, whereas Lentzea and Pantoea were the most abundant root endophytes detected in canola. Bacterial communities associated with aboveground organs consisted mostly of Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, and unclassified Enterobacteriacaeae. This study also revealed that plant growth stages can modulate the diversity of rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria. The influence of plant growth stages on the bacterial microbiome associated with wheat and canola was crop and organ specific.

Analysis of bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased cotton (Gossypium sp.) at different plant growth stages

2010 ◽  
Vol 339 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Bing-Hai Du ◽  
Zhi-gang Jin ◽  
Zheng-hua Li ◽  
Hong-ning Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Growth Stages

Developmental stability, canalization and phenotypic plasticity in annual herbaceous species under different biotic and abiotic conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Wang ◽  
Dao-Wei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Developmental Stability ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract The relationships among developmental stability, canalization and phenotypic plasticity have not been well understood. Inconsistent conclusions from different studies suggested the complexity of their associations, probably depending on specific traits, environmental contexts and plant growth stages. To address this issue, we conducted three experiments (EXP I ~ III) with several annual herbaceous species, to investigate the relationships among leaf (or cotyledon) developmental stability, canalization and plasticity and their variations with different biotic and abiotic environmental conditions and plant growth stages, with comparisons among different species at their early growth stage. We analyzed variations in mean trait value, lamina fluctuating asymmetry (FA), coefficient of variation (CV) and plasticity (RDPIs) and their correlations for lamina size (LS) of individual plants, for LS, petiole length (PL) and petiole angle (PA) of different plant layers in Abutilon theophrasti at three densities in infertile and fertile (or only fertile) soil conditions at three (or two) stages, and for cotyledon size (CS) of five species in contrasting light conditions and seeding depths. High vs. low density decreased LS (with negative RDPIs), FA indexes and CVs, either for individual plants or different layers, especially in fertile soil. Shading was more likely to increase CS (except for A. therophrasti) and FA and decrease CV; deep seeding increased CS of some species in full light, but decreased CS and FA of other species in shading (except for A. therophrasti). FA indexes more likely had positive correlations with mean value, CV and RDPIs of traits; correlations between CV and RDPIs can be positive, negative or insignificant. Correlations among the three variables were more likely positive or insignificant for traits of LS, CS and PL, but more likely negative or insignificant for PA. High density and infertile soil may favor more positive over negative correlations among variables. Results suggested higher levels of lamina FA more likely indicate higher growth rates of plants or modules. Developmental stability was more likely to have positive correlations with canalization, and negative correlations with plasticity, indicating certain common mechanisms associated with them. Environmental stresses can lead to greater phenotypic variations at different levels, facilitating cooperation between the three processes in dealing with environmental challenges.

scholarly journals Hormesis with glyphosate depends on coffee growth stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 813-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARDO B. DE CARVALHO ◽  
PEDRO L.C.A. ALVES ◽  
STEPHEN O. DUKE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Almost All

Weed management systems in almost all Brazilian coffee plantations allow herbicide spray to drift on crop plants. In order to evaluate if there is any effect of the most commonly used herbicide in coffee production, glyphosate, on coffee plants, a range of glyphosate doses were applied directly on coffee plants at two distinct plant growth stages. Although growth of both young and old plants was reduced at higher glyphosate doses, low doses caused no effects on growth characteristics of young plants and stimulated growth of older plants. Therefore, hormesis with glyphosate is dependent on coffee plant growth stage at the time of herbicide application.

scholarly journals The Applications of Nanotechnology in Crop Production

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7070
Author(s):  
Chenxu Liu ◽  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Jie Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Global Agriculture ◽  
Promote Plant Growth

With the frequent occurrence of extreme climate, global agriculture is confronted with unprecedented challenges, including increased food demand and a decline in crop production. Nanotechnology is a promising way to boost crop production, enhance crop tolerance and decrease the environmental pollution. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding innovative nanotechnology in crop production, which could help us respond to agricultural challenges. Nanotechnology, which involves the use of nanomaterials as carriers, has a number of diverse applications in plant growth and crop production, including in nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, nanosensors and nanobiotechnology. The unique structures of nanomaterials such as high specific surface area, centralized distribution size and excellent biocompatibility facilitate the efficacy and stability of agro-chemicals. Besides, using appropriate nanomaterials in plant growth stages or stress conditions effectively promote plant growth and increase tolerance to stresses. Moreover, emerging nanotools and nanobiotechnology provide a new platform to monitor and modify crops at the molecular level.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Serangga Sebagai Pakan Alami Katak Tegalan (Fejervarya Limnocharis, Gravenhorst) pada Ekosistem Sawah di Desa Panggungharjo, Kecamatan Sewon, Kabupaten Bantul

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Farid Kuswantoro ◽  
R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Insect Prey ◽  
Natural Prey ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Fejervarya Limnocharis

Paddy field was a dynamic and biodiversity rich ecosystems. Insect diversity in paddy field ecosystem was infected by paddy plant growth stages. Grass frog (Fejervarya limnocharis) ate insects as their natural prey. Insect population dynamics during vegetative, generative and reproductive stage of paddy plants infected F. limnocharis natural prey. This research aims were to study insect diversity and F. limnocharis insect prey diversity of vegetative, reproductive and generative paddy plant growth stages at Panggungharjo village, Sewon, Bantul. Insect sampling was conducted by direct survey method while F. limnocharis collection conducted by Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method. Ninety eight insect species from 51 different families and nine orders of insect were found. The orders were Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Dermaptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. Stomachs analysis indicated F. limnocharis ate nine insect orders. The orders were Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Dermaptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera and Isoptera. Most commonly insect prey in vegetative, reproductive and generative phase paddy growth stage were the members of the Order Coleoptera, Family Acrididae (Orthoptera) and Family Formicidae (Hymenoptera) respectively. This study concluded F. limnocharis main natural prey was the easily found and easily perceived insects.

Enrichment of Rice Cultivars with Fe at Different Plant Growth Stages through Ferti-Fortification

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawitar Singh ◽  
S.S. Dhaliwal ◽  
U.S. Sadana ◽  
J.S. Manchanda
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Plant Growth Stages

SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS LINEOLARIS (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) ON SOYBEAN1

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Freeman ◽  
A. J. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Plant Hosts ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Wild Hosts

The seasonal occurrence of the tarnished plant bug (TPB), Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), on soybean in Arkansas was examined in 1986 and 1987. Peak populations of TPB adults occurred in 1986 in mid-June in the southeast (SE) and mid-July in the southwest (SW) and westcentral (WC) areas. Population peaks in 1987 occurred in late July in the SW and WC areas but rapidly declined during the first week of August. Peaks occurred in each area at different plant growth stages. TPB adults apparently migrate from other plant hosts, probably wild hosts, to soybean for a brief period, after which they move to a more desirable host. Very few TPB nymphs were found relative to the number of samples taken and TPB adults collected.

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