Relationship between the Chemical Composition and the Biological Functions of Coffee

Coffee is a Rubiaceae coffee plant ranked as the first of the three most important beverages in the world, with effects including lowering blood sugar, protecting the liver, and protecting the nerves. Coffee contains many chemical components, including alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and so on. Chemical components in coffee are the basis of its biological function and taste. The chemical components are the basis of biological activities and form the characteristic aroma of coffee. The main chemical components and biological activities of coffee have been extensively studied, which would provide a relevant basis and theoretical support for the further development of the coffee industry.

Impacts of κ-Oligocarrageenan Application on Photosynthesis, Nutrient Uptake and Bean Yield of Coffee (Coffea robusta)

κ-Oligocarrgeenan (OC) is well known as an effective and green plant growth promoter and elicitor. However, its effect on coffee plant has not been investigated so far. This study aimed to examine the impacts of OC on biophysical activity, vegetative growth and productivity of coffee plant (Coffea robusta). OC with average molecular weight (AMW) of 4.0 kDa was prepared by depolymerization of carrageenan using ascorbic acid. Field experiments were conducted by foliar spray four times per year at various OC concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm) for three years (2017-2019). The results showed that OC promoted growth of coffee plant in all tested concentrations, and an optimized concentration was found at 150 ppm which showed a significant increase compared to the control plant in total chlorophyll (24.79%), carotenoid (31.65%), uptakes of N (15.66%), P (15.81%), and K (22.25%) minerals in leaves, crop yield (19.80%) and bean size (13.10%). Therefore, OC is potentially promising to apply as a promoter to enhance yield of crops for sustainable coffee plantation.

Identification and Characterization of Antagonistic Bacteria from Coffee Plant Litter

Nowadays, the use of antagonistic bacteria is widely applied in agriculture and used as biological control. A previous study which is yet to be identified based on physiological and biochemical characterizations discovered these organisms present in coffee plant litter could control fusarium wilt disease. Therefore, this study is a follow-up analysis that aims to identify coffee litter antagonistic bacteria with the ability to control fusarium wilt disease. The investigation techniques used were biochemical tests comprising of endospore staining, yellow colony growth test on media, bacterial purification and screening, macroscopic and microscopic characterization, Gram, the solubility of 3% KOH, fermentative oxidative, fluorescent pigment production, catalase, hypersensitivity, nitrogen-fixing, and phosphate solvent test. The results showed that antagonistic bacteria, including <em>Bacillus mycoides, Clostridium, Pseudomonas, Erwinia, </em>and <em>Alcaligenes</em> sp. were identified based on their character traits. This study represents new information on the bacteria types from coffee litter to control pathogenic fungi as an environmentally friendly biological control agent.

KERAGAAN AGROINDUSTRI KOPI BUBUK (Studi Kasus pada Agroindustri Kopi Selangit di Kabupaten Musi Rawas)

Coffee plant at Selangit Regency is unique, coffee was plant under rubber plant between durian plant. The existence of coffee plant has bring up industry of coffee powder since 2007. In 2013 coffee powder industry get attention from Musi Rawas Regency government under founding of KPH Musi Rawas and release prime product of coffee with brand “Kopi Selangit”. The purpose of this research was to identifird performance of coffe powder industry and analize the benefit of Kopi Selangit industry at Musi Rawas Regency. The research method used was case study, with respondence choosen purposively.The result of this study shows that production of coffee powder has variative measurement and packaging. The production of Kopi Selangit as much as 140 kg per month or 1.680 kg per year. Benefit from this production as much as Rp. 4.696.487 per month with 5 times production, and this industry categorize as capital intensive industry.

The utilization of coffee waste in supporting family food security

Coffee is one of the leading commodities traded in the world and is a mainstay commodity for farmers in mountainous areas. The research objective is to increase the added value of the part of the coffee plant to increase income and food security for farmer families. The research was conducted in the Pupuan-Tabanan Bali robusta coffee agroforestry area, Januari 2017 to December 2020. Methods of data collection using the method of observation and discussion with the main actors who produce coffee in addition to seed study activities with the use of pruned water shoots from clone maintenance BP 308. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that the added value besides dry beans was obtained from water shoots, remaining productive pruning, unproductive old coffee, branches and twigs, and shade pruning. The yields of economic value are in the form of super cuttings, activated charcoal, exotic pots, and quality organic fertilizers from coffee skins, each of IDR 7,500,000; 120,000; 792,000; and 150,000.