scholarly journals First Report of Occurrence of Potato Tuber Necrotic Ringspot Disease in Greece

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bem ◽  
C. Varveri ◽  
I. Eleftheriadis ◽  
D. Karafyllidis
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Original Seed ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Southern Greece ◽  
Das Elisa

Potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD), caused by potato Y potyvirus isolate NTN (PVYNTN) of the N virus strain group, was first described in Hungary in 1980. It has spread throughout Europe, with the most recent reports from Portugal and Italy in 1997 to 1998 (1). Superficial necrotic ringspot areas on tubers, typical of PTNRD, were first observed in commercial potato fields of the Nevrokopi region in northern Greece in 1994. Affected cultivars included Timate and, to a lesser extent Spunta, the original seed of which came from the Netherlands. PVY was identified from all tubers tested by indexing on Nicotiana tabacum and subsequent testing of the plants by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). The potato seed lots were rejected by the local authorities. PTNRD reappeared in the same area in 1998 in a more aggressive manner. Cultivar Hermes, imported from Scotland, was most affected, with very severe symptoms in 80% of the tubers. Symptoms appeared in early September, 40 days after defoliation of the plants. Other cultivars were affected at lower rates; cv. Spunta showed typical symptoms and cvs. Fabola, Santana, and Irvila exhibited atypical cracks and blisters. In all cases, PVY was isolated in N. tabacum and its presence confirmed by DAS-ELISA. Immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with specific PVYNTN primers (2) detected the characteristic 835-bp product in all cultivars tested. The incidence of PTNRD seems to be expanding in northern Greece, where it has become a threat to potato production. PTNRD symptoms were also observed in southern Greece (Ahaia) in experimental “crossing” fields of seed stocks. In this case, the disease seems to have spread especially in cv. Marfona. References: (1) L. Tomassoli et al. Plant Dis. 82:350, 1998. (2) H. L. Wiedemann and E. Maiss. Z. Pflanzenkrankh. Pflanzenschutz 103:337, 1996.

scholarly journals The Potential Distribution of the Potato Tuber Moth (Phthorimaea Operculella) Based on Climate and Host Availability of Potato

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Min Jung ◽  
Sang-Geui Lee ◽  
Kwang-Ho Kim ◽  
Sung-Wook Jeon ◽  
Sunghoon Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Potato Tuber Moth ◽  
Climatic Suitability ◽  
Plant Availability

This study evaluated the potential distribution of the potato tuber moth. This species severely impacts global potato production, especially in China and India, which have the world’s largest potato production. We developed two indices considering host plant availability and production in addition to climatic suitability, which was simulated using the CLIMEX model. Thus, three different indices were used to project potential distribution of the potato tuber moth under a climate change scenario: (1) climatic suitability (ecoclimatic index (EI)) (EIM), (2) climatic suitability combined with host plant availability (EIN1), and (3) climatic suitability combined with host plant production (EIN2). Under the current climate, EIM was high in southern India and central to southern China, while EIN1 and EIN2 were approximately 38% and 20% lower than EIM, respectively. Under the Special Report on Emissions Scenario A1B, the potato tuber moth would probably not occur in India, but its distribution could be extended to the north, reaching N47°. The areas with the highest climatic suitability by potato tuber moth based on three indices were Sichuan and Karnataka in response to climate change. These areas require adequate pest control, such as prevention of spread through transport of potato seed or by using cold storage facilities.

scholarly journals Development of Bottle Gourd Lines Resistant to Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus Using Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutagenesis

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Asma Mohammed Saeed Al-Kubati ◽  
Baoshan Kang ◽  
Liming Liu ◽  
Aqleem Abbas ◽  
Qinsheng Gu
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Practical Strategy ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Das Elisa

Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) causes serious damage to cucurbit crops worldwide and can be spread by aphids, by mechanical injury, and in seeds. With the popularization of cucurbit grafting, the use of susceptible rootstock has increased the risk of ZYMV infection in cucurbit crops. In China, the bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is a widely used rootstock in grafted watermelon production. However, few resistant bottle gourds are available commercially. This study developed bottle gourd lines resistant to ZYMV using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. A new mutated bottle gourd population (M1) was generated by treating seeds with EMS. Diverse phenotypes were observed in the seedlings, flowers, and fruit of M2 plants, some of which are of potential commercial interest, such as dwarfing and different fruit shapes. Based on the M2 phenotypes, 106 M3 lines were selected and screened for resistance to ZYMV by mechanical inoculation and agroinfiltration. Nine M3 lines were resistant to ZYMV during three tests. One inbred M4 line (177-8) was developed and showed stable resistance and no virus when tested using a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction. These resistant lines are promising materials for developing watermelon rootstock and exploring resistance genes as new ZYMV-resistant resources. EMS induction could be a practical strategy for creating resistant cucurbit crops.

scholarly journals Snake melon asteroid mosaic virus, a Tentative New Member of the Genus Sobemovirus Infecting Cucurbits

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Lecoq ◽  
Gasim Dafalla ◽  
Brigitte Delécolle ◽  
Catherine Wipf-Scheibel ◽  
Cécile Desbiez
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Primers ◽  
Melon Aphid ◽  
Das Elisa ◽  
Eastern Sudan

A virus isolate (Su-95-67) was obtained from a snake melon (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus) plant presenting severe chlorotic spots, mosaic, stunting, and leaf deformations collected in Eastern Sudan in 1995. Su-95-67 was easily mechanically transmissible and had a host range limited to a few cucurbit species. Isometric virus particles approximately 30 nm in diameter were observed in leaf dip preparations. A cytopathological study did not reveal alterations specific for a virus genus or family. A polyclonal antiserum was obtained and used in double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Su-95-67 was transmitted by seed at a low rate, by the red melon beetle (Aulacophora foveicollis), but not by the melon aphid (Aphis gossypii). Because Su-95-67 shared several properties with sobemoviruses, generic Sobemovirus reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction primers were developed. They allowed amplification of a 384-bp fragment from extracts of plants infected by two sobemoviruses or by Su-95-67 but not from healthy plants extracts. Sequence comparison confirmed that Su-95-67 belongs to a new tentative Sobemovirus species for which we propose the name Snake melon asteroid mosaic virus (SMAMV). DAS-ELISA tests conducted on extracts of virus-infected cucurbit plants collected from 1992 to 2003 revealed the presence of SMAMV in 10.2% of 600 samples originating from different regions of Sudan.

scholarly journals First Report of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus in Commercial Cucumber Greenhouses in France

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Desbiez ◽  
H. Lecoq ◽  
M. Girard ◽  
A. C. Cotillon ◽  
L. Schoen
Keyword(s):  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
First Report ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Beet Pseudo Yellows Virus ◽  
French Isolate ◽  
Das Elisa

In autumn 2001, severe yellowing symptoms were observed on greenhouse-grown cucumbers near Perpignan (southern France). Leaf samples were collected from two sites where plants displayed symptoms ranging from limited yellowing of the older leaves to severe, complete yellowing of the whole plant. Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus, a polerovirus that causes similar symptoms was not detected in doubleantibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) using a specific antiserum. Total RNA was extracted from fresh leaf tissues and used in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (1) with primers specific for two whitefly-borne viruses also inducing yellows and occurring in the Mediterranean basin (1): Beet pseudo yellows virus (BPYV, genus Closterovirus) transmitted by Trialeurodes vaporariorum (West.) and Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV, genus Crinivirus) transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). No BPYV was detected in this survey, but CYSDV was present in all samples. In subsequent surveys conducted in the spring and summer of 2002, BPYV and CYSDV were detected, sometimes in mixed infections, in samples collected from the same region. The complete CYSDV coat protein gene was amplified by PCR using specific primers (2), yielding the expected-size fragment of 756 bp. The French isolate (GenBank Accession No. AY204220) shared 99.6 to 100% nucleotide sequence identity in the sequenced CP fragments (700 nt) with isolates of the most common, highly homogenous subgroup of CYSDV that has emerged recently in the Middle East, southwestern Europe (Spain and Portugal), United States, and Morocco (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of CYSDV in France and it shows the threat represented by the current emergence of B. tabaci-transmitted viruses. References: (1) I. C. Livieratos et al. Plant Pathol. 47:362, 1998. (2) L. Rubio et al. J. Gen. Virol. 82:929, 2001.

scholarly journals Distribution, Incidence and Severity of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in Major Maize Growing Agro-ecological Zones of Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barnabas Mudde ◽  
Florence M’mogi Olubayo ◽  
Douglas Watuku Miano ◽  
Godfrey Asea ◽  
Dora C. Kilalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Status ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Chlorotic Mottle Virus ◽  
Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus ◽  
Chlorotic Mottle ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Das Elisa ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

The distribution, incidence and severity of maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease in major maize growing agro-ecological zones (AEZ) of Uganda was determined following field surveys carried out in 16 major maize growing districts from 5 AEZ over three consecutive seasons. A total of 604 maize fields were visited and MLN disease status visually assessed and 3,624 maize leaf samples collected for identification and confirmation of the MLN causal viruses by Double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). MLN disease was not widely distributed at an epidemic proportion, with only 36 (5%) of the 604 farms surveyed over three seasons confirmed to have the disease. The MLN incidence and severity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the Eastern AEZ during the three seasons. The main MLN-causing viruses detected using DAS-ELISA were Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). MCMV was the most prevalent MLN causing virus driving the epidemic in Uganda. The three major districts where MLN disease has been found in all three seasons surveyed are Bulambuli, Tororo and Busia which are hotspots for MLN disease. Strategies to control spread of MLN disease should focus on high risk AEZs and hotspot districts.

scholarly journals Identification of Potato virus Y Strains Associated with Tuber Damage During a Recent Virus Outbreak in Potato in Idaho

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1371-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Karasev ◽  
T. Meacham ◽  
X. Hu ◽  
J. Whitworth ◽  
S. M. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Das Elisa

Potato virus Y (PVY) causes substantial losses in potato production by decreasing yields and affecting the quality of potato tubers. Management of PVY in potato is dependent primarily on potato seed certification programs to prevent or limit initial levels of virus inoculum. Prior to 1990, the ordinary strain of PVY (PVYO) was the predominant virus in North America. PVYO induces clear foliar symptoms in many potato cultivars, allowing successful management in seed potato through a combination of visual inspections and limited laboratory testing. In recent years, necrotic strains of PVY (PVYN, PVYNTN, and PVYN:O) have begun to spread in the United States, many of which induce mild symptoms in potato, making them more difficult to manage through visual inspections. In addition to reducing yield, necrotic isolates may also cause external and internal damage in tubers of susceptible cultivars, which is known as potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD). Tuber necrotic strains of PVY have been reported across the northern United States (1,2,4), although limited information is available on their incidence and spread in commercial potato production. During June and July of 2007, 38 random samples were collected from three different commercial fields displaying disease problems (cvs. Russet Ranger, Alturas, and Russet Burbank) in the vicinity of Idaho Falls, ID. Plants collected showed various degrees of mosaic and leaf yellowing. By using double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, 25 of these plants were identified as PVY positive. The mutiplex RT-PCR assay (3) confirmed that nine plants were infected with PVYNTN and 11 with PVYN:O. No RT-PCR products were amplified from five samples. During September and October of 2007, 25 tuber samples (cv. Russet Burbank) showing various degrees of unusual internal symptoms (e.g., brown spots) were collected near Idaho Falls, ID. Twenty-two tubers were found PVY positive by DAS-ELISA, and multiplex RT-PCR determined 13 of those were PVYNTN, three were PVYO, one was a PVYNTN/N:O mixture, and one was a PVYO/N:O mixture. No RT-PCR products were amplified from four samples. In October 2007, six tubers showing distinct external tuber damage characteristic of PTNRD (cv. Highland Russet) were collected near Twin Falls, ID. All six tubers were determined to be PVY positive by DAS-ELISA, and RT-PCR identified five as infected with PVYNTN and one with PVYN:O. All the mixtures were easily separated by inoculating tobacco plants followed by subsequent testing of individual plants. Asymptomatic tubers from the same lot not showing PTNRD damage were found PVY negative by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR. All PVYNTN isolates collected during 2007 were inoculated into tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi) and confirmed to induce systemic vein necrosis. Limited sequencing of four of the PVYNTN isolates determined that they contained recombinant junctions 2 and 3, identifying them as being related to the European strain of PVYNTN (3). The data suggest an increase in distribution and incidence of necrotic strains of PVY in commercial, potato-production areas in Idaho during an outbreak in 2007 and the potential for an increase in PTNRD. References: (1) P. M. Baldauf et al. Plant Dis. 90:559, 2006. (2) J. M. Crosslin et al. Plant Dis. 90:1102, 2006. (3) J. H. Lorenzen et al. Plant Dis. 90:935, 2006. (4) L. M. Piche et al. Phytopathology 94:1368, 2004.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution of Viruses Associated with Okra and Their Alternative Hosts in Kaduna and Zamfara States, Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Gilima ZaharaddeenSamaila ◽  
David Kashina Boniface ◽  
Olalekan Oyeleke Banwo ◽  
Alegbejo Mathew Dada ◽  
Charles Chindo Agart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Das Elisa ◽  
Leaf Curl

One of the major constraints to production of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in Nigeria and in particular in Kaduna and Zamfara States, is the problem of okra mosaic virus and okra leaf curl virus. This study was carried out to provide information on the occurrence and distribution of okra mosaic and okra leaf curl viruses on okra, in Kaduna and Zamfara states, Nigeria. A survey of okra-producing farms was carried out during dry and wet seasons of 2017 cropping season in Kaduna (Zaria, Lere, and Igabi Local Government Areas) and Zamfara (Gusau, Bungudu, and Zurmi LGAs) states. Leaf samples (15) of symptomatic okra plants were collected from each farm in the study area. The total number of plants and the number of symptomatic plants within each subplot were recorded, and the disease incidence was determined. Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS- ELISA) kit was used in the detection of Okra Mosaic Virus while Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was employed for the detection Okra Leaf Curl Virus. The results showed that all the okra leaf samples tested for OLCV were negative in this study while OkMV was tested positve in all the samples with a recorded incidence of  20 % and 14 %  in Kaduna and Zamfara states respectively, however, only 8 out of total weed samples were also tested positive for OKV, but all were tested negative to OLCV.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Maize rayado fino virus in Maize in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1046-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Giménez-Pecci ◽  
E. Oliveira ◽  
R. Resende ◽  
C. Borgogno ◽  
C. F. Nome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Xylem Parenchyma ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus ◽  
Size Relation ◽  
Pcr Conditions ◽  
Das Elisa

Symptoms of fine chlorotic stipple-striping of the veins, chlorosis, numerous dots and stripes, formation of holes in the leaf blade, and ears reduced in size, bearing few grains, were observed in maize crops in Tafí del Valle (Tucumán Province), Orán, El Galpón (Salta Province), Tilcara and Yaví (Jujuy Province), the subtropical area of northwest Argentina where the leafhopper vector Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) is present. Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) was detected in these samples by a positive reaction in double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) using an AGDIA kit. Electron microscopy revealed abundant isometric particles about 30 nm in diameter in the cytoplasm and vacuoles of phloem cells and xylem parenchyma cells. The virus was also detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using a primer pair MRFV-09/MRFV-10. Primers and PCR conditions were as previously described (1). Virus amplification was observed only in samples from symptomatic plants. In 1981 (2), the presence of MRFV in Argentina was revealed by serological assay in plants from temperate central areas. No further reports were released since then. This is the first evidence of MRFV in subtropical areas of Argentina and identification of the virus by combining DAS-ELISA, particle size, relation with plant tissues, and RTPCR. References: (1) R. W. Hammond et al. J. Gen. Virol. 78:3153, 1997. (2) S. F. Nome et al. RIA XIX:257, 1984.

scholarly journals An Immunological System for the Detection of Pepper mild mottle virus in Soil from Green Pepper Fields

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ikegashira ◽  
T. Ohki ◽  
U. T. Ichiki ◽  
T. Higashi ◽  
K. Hagiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skim Milk ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Immunological System ◽  
Das Elisa

A reliable method, based on the double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), was developed for the extraction of viruses from soil and optimized for the detection of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) in soil taken from green pepper (Capsicum annuum) fields. When added to phosphate buffer, Tween 20 increases extraction efficiency and skim milk increases the specificity for PMMoV. Samples positive by DAS-ELISA were verified by inhibition testing using specific anti-PMMoV antibody, immuno-electron microscopy, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and inoculation tests on assay plants. Our system for detecting PMMoV in soil was successfully tested on samples from 22 infected and uninfected fields in Japan. When used before seedlings are planted, this method allows for the prediction of possible damage to cultivated plants by soil-borne PMMoV.

A Comparative Study on the Incidence, Aggravation, and Remission of Lupus Nephritis Based on iTRAQ Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 649-657
Author(s):  
Dong-Jiang Liao ◽  
Xi-Ping Cheng ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Kang-Li Liang ◽  
Hui Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Absolute Quantitation ◽  
Western Blot Method ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Isobaric Tags

Aim and Objective: Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the major complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The specific mechanisms of pathogenesis, aggravation, and remission processes in LN have not been clarified but is of great need in the clinic. Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology to screen the functional proteins of LN in mice. Especially under intervention factors of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dexamethasone. Methods: Mrl-lps mice were intervened with LPS, dexamethasone, and normal saline (NS) using intraperitoneal injection, and c57 mice intervened with NS as control. The anti-ANA antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to verify disease severity. Kidney tissue is collected and processed for iTRAQ to screen out functional proteins closely related to the onset and development of LN. Western blot method and rt-PCR (real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction) were used for verification. Results: We identified 136 proteins that marked quantitative information. Among them, Hp, Igkv8-27, Itgb2, Got2, and Pcx proteins showed significant abnormal manifestations. Conclusion: Using iTRAQ methods, the functional proteins Hp, Igkv8-27, Itgb2, Got2, and Pcx were screened out for a close relationship with the pathogenesis and development of LN, which is worth further study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document