scholarly journals First Report of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus in Commercial Cucumber Greenhouses in France

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Desbiez ◽  
H. Lecoq ◽  
M. Girard ◽  
A. C. Cotillon ◽  
L. Schoen
Keyword(s):  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
First Report ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Beet Pseudo Yellows Virus ◽  
French Isolate ◽  
Das Elisa

In autumn 2001, severe yellowing symptoms were observed on greenhouse-grown cucumbers near Perpignan (southern France). Leaf samples were collected from two sites where plants displayed symptoms ranging from limited yellowing of the older leaves to severe, complete yellowing of the whole plant. Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus, a polerovirus that causes similar symptoms was not detected in doubleantibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) using a specific antiserum. Total RNA was extracted from fresh leaf tissues and used in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (1) with primers specific for two whitefly-borne viruses also inducing yellows and occurring in the Mediterranean basin (1): Beet pseudo yellows virus (BPYV, genus Closterovirus) transmitted by Trialeurodes vaporariorum (West.) and Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV, genus Crinivirus) transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). No BPYV was detected in this survey, but CYSDV was present in all samples. In subsequent surveys conducted in the spring and summer of 2002, BPYV and CYSDV were detected, sometimes in mixed infections, in samples collected from the same region. The complete CYSDV coat protein gene was amplified by PCR using specific primers (2), yielding the expected-size fragment of 756 bp. The French isolate (GenBank Accession No. AY204220) shared 99.6 to 100% nucleotide sequence identity in the sequenced CP fragments (700 nt) with isolates of the most common, highly homogenous subgroup of CYSDV that has emerged recently in the Middle East, southwestern Europe (Spain and Portugal), United States, and Morocco (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of CYSDV in France and it shows the threat represented by the current emergence of B. tabaci-transmitted viruses. References: (1) I. C. Livieratos et al. Plant Pathol. 47:362, 1998. (2) L. Rubio et al. J. Gen. Virol. 82:929, 2001.

scholarly journals First Report of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus in Morocco

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Desbiez ◽  
H. Lecoq ◽  
S. Aboulama ◽  
M. Peterschmitt
Keyword(s):  
Important Change ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
First Report ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Symptomless Plant ◽  
Beet Pseudo Yellows Virus

In October, 1999, severe yellowing symptoms were observed in a melon (Cucumis melo L.) crop grown under plastic tunnels in the region of Agadir, Morocco. Large populations of whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) were noticed during the early stages of the crop. At harvest, leaf samples were collected from two symptomatic plants and one symptomless plant. A mature yellow leaf was assayed from each symptomatic plant and for one of these two plants a younger leaf exhibiting only yellow spots. Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus, which causes similar symptoms in melons, was not detected by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. Total RNA was extracted from fresh leaf tissues and submitted to reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction with primers specific to two whitefly-transmissible viruses: Beet pseudo-yellows virus (BPYV) and Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) (2). No amplification was obtained with BPYV-specific primers. In contrast, an expected 465-bp product was amplified in all samples from symptomatic plants with CYSDV-specific primers. No amplification was detected in samples from the symptomless plant nor from healthy control plants. B. tabaci-transmitted CYSDV has been reported in the Middle East, southwestern Europe, and North America (1,4). This is the first report of CYSDV in Morocco, and it follows the first report of another B. tabaci-transmitted virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, in tomato (3), suggesting an important change in the viral pathosystem affecting vegetable crops in Morocco. References: (1) Kao et al. Plant Dis. 84:101, 2000. (2) Livieratos et al. Plant Pathol. 47:362, 1998. (3) Peterschmitt et al. Plant Dis. 83:1074, 1999. (4) Wisler et al. Plant Dis. 82:270, 1998.

scholarly journals First Report of Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus in Tunisia Causing Yellows on Five Cucurbitacious Species

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 776-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mnari Hattab ◽  
J. Kummert ◽  
S. Roussel ◽  
K. Ezzaier ◽  
A. Zouba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
First Report ◽  
Reference Isolate ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Beet Pseudo Yellows Virus

Viruses, distributed worldwide on cucurbits, cause severe damage to crops. Virus surveys in 2003 and 2004 were made in all the major cucurbit-growing areas in Tunisia. Large populations of aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover) and severe yellowing symptoms of older leaves of cucurbits were observed in outdoor and under plastic-tunnel cultivation, suggesting the presence of Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV, genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae). Leaf samples collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants of melon (Cucumis melo L.), cucumber (C. sativus L.), squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.), and ware cucurbit (Ecballium elaterium L. T. Richard) were screened for the presence of CABYV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Reference isolate, CABYV-N (GenBank Accession No. X76931) was provided by H. Lecoq (INRA-Monfavet Cedex, France). Sample extracts from fresh leaf tissues were tested using ELISA with an antiserum prepared against this isolate. In addition, total RNA was extracted from fresh leaf tissues according to the technique of Celix et al. (2) using the Titan RT-PCR kit from Roche Diagnostics (Penzberg, Germany). Forward primer (5′-GAGGCGAAGGCGAAGAAATC-3′) and reverse primer (5′-TCTGGACCTGGCACTTGATG-3′) were designed with the available sequence of the reference isolate. ELISA tests demonstrated that 91 plants were positive among 160 plants tested with severe yellowing symptoms. All asymptomatic plants were negative. RT-PCR results yielded an expected 550-bp product that was amplified from the reference isolate. Of the 160 plants tested using ELISA, 106 plants were screened with RT-PCR including the 91 plants that were positive in ELISA. These 91 plants also were positive after RT-PCR amplification as were 12 more plants. This demonstrated that the RT-PCR test is more sensitive. No amplicons were produced from extracts of asymptomatic plants, RNA preparations of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), or Beet pseudo yellows virus (BPYV) positive controls provided by B. Falk (University of California, Davis). CYSDV and BPYV can induce similar yellowing symptoms in cucurbits. The results of the ELISA and RT-PCR tests showed that CABYV is widely distributed on five cucurbit species in the major growing areas of Tunisia including the northern, Sahel, central, and southern regions where it was detected, respectively, in 10 of 25, 11 of 21, 24 of 37, and 58 of 77 samples tested. CABYV was detected at the rates of 63 of 72 on melon, 10 of 21 on cucumber, 17 of 24 on squash, 10 of 25 on watermelon, and 3 of 18 on ware cucurbit. CABYV also seems to be widespread throughout the Mediterranean Basin (1,3,4), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of CABYV in Tunisia on different species of cucurbit and ware cucurbit. References: (1) Y. Abou-Jawdah et al. Crop Prot. 19:217, 2000. (2) A. Celix et al. Phytopathology 86:1370, 1996. (3) M. Juarez et al. Plant Dis. 88:907, 2004. (4) H. Lecoq et al. Plant Pathol. 41:749, 1992.

scholarly journals First Report of Tomato chlorosis virus in Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1208-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Accotto ◽  
A. M. Vaira ◽  
M. Vecchiati ◽  
M. M. Finetti Sialer ◽  
D. Gallitelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Symptomatic Leaf ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tomato Chlorosis Virus ◽  
Tomato Infectious Chlorosis Virus

During winter 2000-2001, an unusual disease of tomato was observed in some greenhouses in Sardinia, Sicily, and Apulia, in southern Italy. Plants were chlorotic and reduced in size, expanded leaves showed interveinal yellowing, and older leaves developed interveinal reddish-bronze necrosis and downward rolling. The symptoms resembled those recently reported from Portugal (1) as induced by Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) (family Closteroviridae, genus Crinivirus), a whitefly-transmitted virus new to Europe. Symptomatic leaf tissues were extracted and analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction as described by Louro et al.(1). The 439-bp ToCV-specific DNA fragment was amplified in samples collected from 6 of 14 greenhouses in Sardinia, 2 of 5 greenhouses in Sicily, and 1 of 1 greenhouse in Apulia. The sequence of the fragment obtained from a Sicilian isolate (GenBank Accession No. AY048854) showed more than 99% identity to ToCV isolates (Accession Nos. AF024630 and AF234029) from the United States and Portugal, respectively. Infestations of Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci have been reported in autumn. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ToCV in Italy. Although we found the virus in three regions of the country, its distribution is likely to be wider, since the symptoms can be mistaken for those of a physiological disorder or of Tomato infectious chlorosis virus, another crinivirus infecting tomato. Reference: (1) Louro et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 106:589, 2000.

scholarly journals First Report of Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus in Iran Causing Yellows on Four Cucurbit Crops

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bananej ◽  
C. Desbiez ◽  
C. Wipf-Scheibel ◽  
I. Vahdat ◽  
A. Kheyr-Pour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
First Report ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Reference Isolate ◽  
Sigma Chemical ◽  
International Mycological Institute ◽  
Das Elisa

A survey was conducted from 2001 to 2004 in the major cucurbit-growing areas in Iran to reassess the relative incidence of cucurbit viruses. Severe yellowing symptoms were observed frequently on older leaves of cucurbit plants in various regions in outdoor crops, suggesting the presence of Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV, genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae) (1,2). Leaf samples (n = 1019) were collected from plants of melon (Cucumis melo L.), cucumber (C. sativus L.), squash (Cucurbita sp.), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) showing various virus-like symptoms (mosaic, leaf deformation, yellowing). All samples, collected from 15 provinces, were screened for the presence of CABYV by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) with IgGs and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated IgGs against a CABYV reference isolate (1). Of the 1,019 samples tested, 471 were positive for CABYV using DAS-ELISA. Some of the positive samples had typical severe yellowing symptoms while symptoms in other samples were masked by mosaic or leaf deformations caused by other viruses frequently found in mixed infections (data not shown). During the entire survey, CABYV was detected by DAS-ELISA in 201 of 503 melon samples, 72 of 129 cucumber samples, 158 of 249 squash samples, and 40 of 138 watermelon samples. These results indicate that CABYV is widely distributed on four cucurbit species in the major growing areas of Iran. In order to confirm CABYV identification, total RNA extracts (TRI-Reagent, Sigma Chemical, St Louis, MO) were obtained from 25 samples that were positive using DAS-ELISA originating from Khorasan (n = 4), Esfahan (n = 6), Teheran (n = 3), Hormozgan (n = 4), Azerbaiejan-E-Sharqi (n = 4), and Kerman (n = 4). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were carried out using forward (5′-CGCGTGGTTGTGG-TCAACCC-3′) and reverse (5′-CCYGCAACCGAGGAAGATCC-3′) primers designed in conserved regions of the coat protein gene according to the sequence of a CABYV reference isolate (3) and three other unpublished CABYV sequences. RT-PCR experiments yielded an expected 479-bp product similar to the fragment amplified with extracts from the reference isolate. No amplification of the product occurred from healthy plant extracts. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of CABYV in Iran on various cucurbit species. The high frequency (46.2%) with which CABYV was detected in the samples assayed indicates that this virus is one of the most common virus infecting cucurbits in Iran. References: (1) H. Lecoq et al. Plant Pathol. 41:749, 1992 (2) M. A. Mayo and C. J. D'Arcy. Page 15 in: The Luteoviridae. H. G. Smith and H. Barker, eds. CAB International Mycological Institute, Wallingford, UK, 1999. (3) H. Guilley et al. Virology 202:1012, 1994.

scholarly journals Strawberry latent ringspot virus Infecting Roses in India

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kulshrestha ◽  
V. Hallan ◽  
G. Raikhy ◽  
R. Ram ◽  
A. A. Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Chenopodium Amaranticolor ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Local Lesions ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Rose is an economically important crop of India and the world. A survey of rose plantations in and near the Kangra Valley of Himachal Pradesh, India, showed virus-like symptoms, including yellow flecking in young leaves and reduction in leaflet size, while some were symptomless. These symptoms are similar to those for Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) (1). Sap inoculation from symptomatic and some symptomless leaves to Chenopodium amaranticolor resulted in chlorotic local lesions followed by systemic chlorosis. SLRSV was detected in this indicator host and six rose cultivars (Happiness, Iceberg, First Prize, Ganga, Pink Panther, and Oklahoma) showing characteristic symptoms of SLRSV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with ELISA kit (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed with SLRSV-specific primers (2), and a product of the expected size of ˜181 bp was amplified. The authenticity of the fragment was confirmed by sequencing. Isolated SLRSV was also inoculated to seed-grown rose seedlings and after 20 days postinoculation the same symptoms (yellow flecking in young leaves) were observed. These results established the identity of the virus that caused yellow flecking on rose leaves in India as SLRSV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SLRSV infecting rose in India. References: (1) A. F. Murant. Strawberry latent ringspot virus. No. 126 in: Description of Plant Viruses, CMI/AAB, Surrey, U.K., 1974. (2) E. Bertolini et al. J. Virol. Methods 96:33, 2001.

scholarly journals First Report of Sharka Disease Caused by Plum Pox Virus in Lithuania

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1405-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Staniulis ◽  
J. Stankiene ◽  
K. Sasnauskas ◽  
A. Dargeviciute
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
First Report ◽  
Das Elisa ◽  
Sharka Disease

Plum pox (sharka) disease caused by plum pox potyvirus (PPV) is considered the most important virus disease of stone fruit trees in Europe and the Mediterranean region. Nearly all those countries that produce stone fruits are affected (3). The causal virus of the disease is a European Plant Protection Organization A2 quarantine pathogen. Symptoms of leaf mottling, diffuse chlorotic spots, rings, and vein banding of varied intensity characteristic for plum pox virus infection were observed in the plum (Prunus domestica) orchard tree collection of the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture in Babtai in 1996. Presence of this virus in the diseased trees was confirmed by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) with kits from BIOREBA (Reinach, Switzerland) and by polyclonal antibodies raised against a Moldavian isolate of PPV courtesy of T. D. Verderevskaya (Institute of Horticulture, Kishinev, Moldova). ELISAs with both sources of antiserum were positive for presence of PPV. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of potyvirus-like particles averaging 770 nm in extracts of mechanically inoculated plants of Chenopodium foetidum (chlorotic LL [local lesions]) and Pisum sativum cvs. Rainiai and Citron (mottling). For molecular diagnosis and characterization of this isolate, PPV-971, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed. Total RNA from the leaves of infected pea was isolated as described (2). High molecular weight RNA selectively precipitated with 2 M lithium chloride was used for RT-PCR amplification of the coat protein encoding sequence by use of specific primers complementary to 5′ and 3′ parts of PPV coat protein L1 (GenBank accession no. X81081). Amino acid sequence comparison with GenBank data indicated 98.2% similarity with coat protein of PPV potyvirus isolated by E. Mais et al. (accession no. X81083) and 97.3% with PPV strain Rankovic (1).The specific DNA fragment, corresponding to predicted coat protein sequence size, was cloned into Escherichia coli pUC57 for DNA sequencing. Expression of the cloned sequence in bacteria and yeast expression systems is under investigation. The presence of PPV in plum trees in the 9-year-old collection at Babtai was confirmed by DAS-ELISA in 1997 and again in 1998. PPV was then detected in 20% of symptomatic trees of three cultivars. The Lithuanian PPV isolate reacted positively with “universal” Mab.5b and with a Mab (Mab.4DG5) specific for PPV-D. No reaction was observed with Mabs specific for PPV-M (Mab.AL), PPV-C (Mab.AC and Mab.TUV), and PPV-El Amar (Mab.EA24). PPV-971 seems to be a typical member of the less aggressive Dideron strain cluster of PPV (D. Boscia, personal communication). This is the first report of PPV in Lithuania and confirms the necessity for continuing the precautionary measures established in this country for indexing of nursery plum trees used for graft propagation. References: (1) S. Lain et al. Virus Res. 13:157, 1989. (2) J. Logemann et al. Anal. Biochem. 163:16, 1987. (3) M. Nemeth. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 24:525, 1994.

scholarly journals First Report of Xylella fastidiosa Infecting Citrus in Costa Rica

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Aguilar ◽  
W. Villalobos ◽  
L. Moreira ◽  
C. M. Rodríguez ◽  
E. W. Kitajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Das Elisa

Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) is an important disease mainly of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) cultivars. It was first described in Brazil in the state of Sā Paulo in 1987 (4). The disease has spread to all Brazilian states that grow citrus and is affecting more than one-third of the orange trees grown in Brazil. CVC is caused by Xylella fastidiousa, a xylem-limited, gram-negative bacterium. During the last 4 years, symptoms including leaf interveinal chlorosis, stunting, canopy dieback, and hard and undersized fruits, similar to those caused by CVC (3), appeared in sweet orange trees used as shade plants for coffee plantations and as fence posts in Costa Rica. Necrotic lesions on the abaxial side of the leaves as reported in Brazil were rarely observed. Leaf petiole samples from 25 symptomatic sweet orange trees reacted positively with a X fastidiosa-specific antiserum (AGDIA Inc., Elkart, IN) in a double-sandwich antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). A fastidious, gram-negative bacterium identified as X. fastidiosa using DAS-ELISA was isolated on perwinkle wilt (PW) medium plates (1) from citrus stems showing CVC symptoms, but not from asymptomatic trees. The isolated colonies were circular and opalescent with diameters of 2 to 3 mm and were clearly visible within 6 to 7 days after streaking. Petiole sections from symptomatic plants observed with scanning electron microscopy showed rod-shaped bacteria with rippled cell walls tightly packed in xylem vessels, as described for X. fastidiosa previously (2), and with transmission electron microscopy, the bacteria were morphologically similar to those reported previously for CVC (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of X. fastidiosa associated with citrus in Costa Rica. References: (1) M. J. Davis et al. Curr. Microbiol. 6:309, 1981. (2) J. S. Hartung et al. Phytopathology 84:591, 1994. (3) R. F. Lee et al. Summa Phytopathol. 19:123, 1993. (4) V. Rossetti et al. 1990, C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 310:345–349.

scholarly journals First Report of Colletotrichum acutatum in Blueberry Plants in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Barrau ◽  
B. de los Santos ◽  
F. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
First Report ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Leaf Tissues

An anthracnose disease was observed affecting leaves of high-bush blueberry plants (Vaccinium corymbosum L. ‘Sharpblue’) in small areas within two production fields in Huelva Province of Andalucía, in southwestern Spain. The first symptoms observed in late spring were circular, necrotic lesions, red to salmon in color, and ranging from 3 to 20 mm in diameter. Later, lesions became salmon colored in the center with a brilliant red halo. Fungal isolations were made from the lesions. Infected tissues were surface-disinfected in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min, blotted dry on sterile filter paper, and plated on 2% water agar. The plates were incubated at 25°C for 5 to 10 days. Fungal colonies isolated from the tissues were transferred to potato dextrose yeast agar (PDYA). Only one fungal species was consistently isolated from affected leaf tissues and was identified as Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds based on morphological characteristics (2) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1). Colonies of the fungus on PDYA showed a white-to-gray dense mycelium covered with salmon-colored spore masses. The reverse of the plates was a pink-salmon color. Colony diameter on PDYA averaged 50 mm after 7 days at 25°C. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, fusiform to cylindrical, and 12.5 × 3.2 μm. Inoculation of leaves and fruits of blueberry cv. Misty with a conidial suspension (106 conidia per ml) of C. acutatum produced lesions on the leaves and fruits similar to those observed on diseased plants in the field. The pathogen was isolated from lesions on inoculated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. acutatum in high-bush blueberry plants in Spain. References: (1) T. A. Cooke et al. EPPO Bull. 25:57, 1995. (2) B. C. Sutton. The Coelomycetes. CMI, Kew, England, 1980.

scholarly journals First Report of Southern bean mosaic virus Infecting French Bean in Morocco

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1162-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Segundo ◽  
F. M. Gil-Salas ◽  
D. Janssen ◽  
G. Martin ◽  
I. M. Cuadrado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
First Report ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Southern Bean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Symptomatic Leaf ◽  
Das Elisa

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is grown on approximately 1,500 ha in commercial greenhouses and is of major economic importance in the Souss-Massa Region, Agadir, Morocco. Since October 2003, symptoms resembling a viral disease, consisting of pod mosaic and distortion and mild to severe mosaic in leaves, have been observed on bean plants in several greenhouses. Mechanical inoculation with symptomatic leaf extracts produced necrotic local lesions on P. vulgaris ‘Pinto’ and systemic symptoms similar to those observed in the naturally infected bean plants P. vulgaris ‘Donna’ (five plants per cultivar). Inoculated and naturally infected samples reacted positively using a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) to Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany), a member of the Sobemovirus genus that is transmitted by contact, soil, beetles, and seeds (1). Virions purified from a naturally infected ‘Donna’ plant contained a 30-kDa polypeptide that reacted positively using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis with SBMV antiserum (DSMZ). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification with SMBV primers as described by Verhoeven et al. (2) produced an expected 870-bp band. The amplicon was cloned, sequenced (GenBank Accession No. AJ748276), and compared to those isolates available in GenBank and had a nucleotide sequence identity of 87% and a derived amino acid sequence identity of 95% with an SBMV isolate from Spain (2). During a survey in different areas of the Souss-Massa Region, 20 symptomatic leaf and pod samples were randomly collected from 12 greenhouses (50 ha) where significant commercial losses were suffered because of this virus disease, and all samples were positive using DAS-ELISA for SBMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SBMV in Morocco. References: (1) J. H. Tremaine and R. I. Hamilton. Southern bean mosaic virus. No. 274 in: Descriptions of Plant Viruses. CMI/AAB, Kew, Surrey, England, 1983. (2) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 109:935, 2003.

scholarly journals First Report of Bean pod mottle virus in Soybean in Iran

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 775-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shahraeen ◽  
T. Ghotbi ◽  
M. Salati ◽  
A. Sahandi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Bean Pod Mottle Virus ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
First Report ◽  
Das Elisa ◽  
Green Stem

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has been increasing in importance and acreage for the past 5 years in Iran and is now planted on approximately 108,000 ha. Previous surveys in Iran of viruses infecting soybean failed to identify Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), but the incidence of other common viruses of soybean in the field has been reported (1). During October 2004, symptoms characteristic of those caused by BPMV including mosaic, puckering of trifoliate leaves, and delayed maturity of stems or green stems were observed in soybean fields in the Takhti Mahaleh, Versen, and Hashemabad areas located in the Gorgan Province. Sporadic incidence of plants infected with BPMV has been usually of minor importance to growers. Symptoms were often overlooked or considered to be physiological disorders. A visual assessment was made to determine incidence of green stem in the commonly grown soybean cv. Sahar. Forty soybean plants showing symptoms of crinkling, mottling, green stem, and retaining green leaves were sampled by collecting one trifoliate leaf near the top of the plant. All samples were tested in parallel for BPMV using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). BPMV was detected in 40% of the samples. Seven of the samples shown to be infected with BPMV using DAS-ELISA were mechanically (2) transferred to soybean seedlings in the greenhouse. These plants developed systemic mottle symptoms typical of those caused by BPMV and tested positive for BPMV using DAS-ELISA. The distribution of BPMV within soybean-growing regions, exploration of potential virus reservoirs, and economic impact of this virus have yet to be determined. There is no published report on the presence of potential BPMV vectors including the bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata) from soybean fields in Iran. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BPMV in Iran. References: (1) A. R. Golnaraghi et al. Plant Dis.88:1069, 2004. (2) R. Louie et al. Plant Dis.84:1133, 2000.

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